Q22321: INFO: Common Programming Errors in the C Language

Article: Q22321
Product(s): Microsoft C Compiler
Version(s): 1.0,1.5,2.0,4.0,5.0,6.0
Operating System(s): 
Keyword(s): kbLangC kbVC100 kbVC150 kbVC200 kbVC400 kbVC500 kbVC600
Last Modified: 29-NOV-2001

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The information in this article applies to:

- Microsoft C for MS-DOS 
- Microsoft C/C++ for MS-DOS 
- Microsoft Visual C++, versions 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 
- Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Enterprise Edition, versions 5.0, 6.0 
- Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Professional Edition, versions 5.0, 6.0 
- Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Learning Edition, version 6.0 
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SUMMARY
=======

The text below lists some of the most common errors that occur programming in
the C language. Any one of these items can cause unpredictable results, such as
invalid data. Some are caught by the compiler and reported as errors or
warnings.

- Using an automatic variable that has not been initialized

- Omitting a closing comment delimiter

- Using an array index greater than the length of the array (In C, array
  indexes run from zero to <length>-1.)

- Omitting a semicolon or a closing brace

- Using an uninitialized pointer

- Using a forward slash when a backslash is required (for example, substituting
  "/n" for "\n.")

- Using "=" in a comparison where "==" is desired

- Overwriting the null terminator for a string

- Prematurely terminating a function declaration with a semicolon (The compiler
  often flags the "orphan" block of code as a syntax error.)

- Specifying the values of variables in a scanf() statement instead of their
  addresses

- Failing to declare the return type for a function

- Assuming an expression evaluation order when using an expression with side
  effects (For example, a[i] = i++; is ambiguous and dangerous.)

- Failing to account that a static variable in a function is initialized only
  once

- Omitting a "break" from a case in a switch statement (Execution "falls
  through" to subsequent cases.)

- Using "break" to exit a block of code associated with an if statement (The
  break statement exits a block of code associated with a for, switch, or while
  statement.)

- Comparing a "char" variable against EOF (-1). The following idiom results in
  an infinite loop when char is unsigned. Note that char is signed by default,
  so the following will only fail when using the "/J" compiler option:

  char c;
  while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
     {
     }

Additional query words:

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Keywords          : kbLangC kbVC100 kbVC150 kbVC200 kbVC400 kbVC500 kbVC600 
Technology        : kbVCsearch kbVC400 kbAudDeveloper kbZNotKeyword8 kbvc150 kbvc100 kbCCompSearch kbZNotKeyword3 kbVC500 kbVC600 kbVC200 kbVC32bitSearch kbVC500Search
Version           : :1.0,1.5,2.0,4.0,5.0,6.0
Issue type        : kbinfo

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