                    DOME - Development of Mental Energy (tm)              
                                                                          
                              USER REFERENCE GUIDE                        
                                                                          
                                                                          
          DOME  requires  DOS 2.1  or  greater to run. A color monitor is 
       recommended.  The  following  files  comprise the program, and are 
       required  in the directory or on the diskette where the program is 
       run: DOME.EXE, DOME.DAT, and DOME.TXT. To install on a hard drive, 
       copy the files to an existing directory: COPY A:DOME.* C:\<name>   
                                                                          
          Please  read  the  information  in  this  guide to learn how to 
       operate  the program to your best advantage. Included are theories 
       behind  its  design  and  strategies  to  obtain the best possible 
       scores. This text file may be printed by typing TYPE DOME.TXT>LPT1 
       in  DOS. Do not in any way edit the file, or program operation may 
       be adversely affected.                                             
                                                                          
       Program text (C) 1991-95 by TBX Software. All rights are reserved. 
                                                                          
                                Table of Contents                         
                                                                          
                                                                          
                      Section                       ViewPage              
                                                                          
                                                                          
                   I  Introduction                       3                
                                                                          
                  II  The Menu Functions                 9                
                                                                          
                 III  Running the Exercise              17                
                                                                          
                  IV  Strategies for Using DOME         20                
                                                                          
                   V  Everyday Aspects of Psi           24                
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       INTRODUCTION                                                       
                                                                          
          Psi  testing  has  traditionally been performed in a laboratory 
       setting  where  subjects  have  been selected to participate in an 
       experiment  designed to allow for the demonstration of a subject's 
       presumed  clairvoyance,  telepathy,  psychokinesis,  etc. Over the 
       last  few decades, large numbers of test results which are claimed 
       to  undeniably prove the existence of psi phenomena now comprise a 
       great  deal  of  the published literature on the subject. Although 
       some  of  the  test  results seem to suggest, due to their extreme 
       chance  improbability,  the workings of paranormal interaction, it 
       has  been  later found that many of the experiments yielding these 
       impressive   results   did  not  hold  up  to  careful  scientific 
       scrutiny.  Critics of the field have found most of the experiments 
       to   be   seriously   methodologically  flawed,  lacking  adequate 
       controls  in many cases and thereby introducing the possibility of 
       results  obtained  by trickery on the part of the subject. Because 
       researcher  bias  can  often  also be an issue, other results were 
       suspect  in  that  they  might  have  been faked. In essence, when 
       deliberate  researcher  fraud  or  subject  trickery  could not be 
       directly   attributed  to  the  reported  results,  neither  could 
       otherwise be totally ruled out.                                    
                                                                          
          Furthermore,  when  subjects producing extraordinary results in 
       a  number  of  cases  were subject to testing repeated by critical 
       investigators   using  necessary,  more  stringent  controls,  the 
       results   were   seemingly   and  oddly  never  repeatable.  While 
       parapsychologists  have  felt  that  some  of  the better-designed 
       experiments  have  more  than  demonstrated  actual psi abilities, 
       critics  of  the field remain steadfast to this day in saying that 
       better  techniques  and  proof are required before science will be 
       ready to open itself up to the acceptance of psi.                  
                                                                          
          The  more  traditional  of  the psi testing techniques has been 
       with  a  widely  used  pack  of  25 ESP cards. One of five symbols 
       (circle,  square, cross, star, or three wavy lines) appears on the 
       faces  of  each  of  the  cards and there are 5 cards bearing each 
       symbol.  A  subject  undergoing  testing  would  exercise  his/her 
       presumed   clairvoyance   by   guessing  the symbol (i.e., target) 
       appearing  face  down  on each card. So, there would be 25 guesses 
       (or  trials)  in  each  pass (or run) through the ESP deck. In one 
       run   of   the  deck,  5  cards  guessed  correctly  (hits)  would 
       correspond  exactly  to  chance.  The more cards guessed correctly 
       over  5, the more likely to be due to something other than chance, 
       presumably  ESP.  Not  unexpectedly, skeptics have condemned tests 
       of  this  type  as  being  fraught with error, a major one dealing 
       with  the  result  of  manufacturing inconsistencies in the design 
       quality  of  the cards themselves. This may reportedly allow cards 
       to  be  identified  by  visual cues, registering subconsciously or 
       otherwise,  which  may  exert a scoring bias after several runs of 
       the ESP deck.                                                      
                                                                          
          Over  the years, one of the more promising concepts in the area 
       of  psi  testing  has  been  the  creation  of automatic recording 
       mechanisms  to  eliminate  the  possibility  of  recording errors, 
       especially  those  arising  out of an inherent bias on the part of 
       the  experimenter. These mechanisms, when used in conjunction with 
       an  automated  (self-sustained,  random,  and  controlled) testing 
       procedure,  not  subject to flaws and therefore biases inherent in 
       a  human-administered  system,  may  perhaps  be  the  only chance 
       parapsychology  has  to  prove  itself  as  far  as psi testing is 
       concerned.                                                         
                                                                          
          The   workings   of   the   DOME   program  are  based  on  the 
       aforementioned  concept.  DOME is a completely automated system in 
       which  the user guesses the nature of the target (one color out of 
       a  possible four, in this case) as pre-determined by the computer. 
       Scores  are  saved automatically if you choose to save them before 
       you  begin  the  user  run,  not  after.  This way there can be no 
       recording  bias  by  choosing  not  to  save  the scores of lesser 
       significance  (closer  to chance). Once a user run is started, the 
       resulting  score  will  be  saved  whether significant or not. The 
       length  of  the run is user selectable (20, 30, 40 trials). Hence, 
       exactly  chance scoring varies with the trials selected (5 hits/20 
       trials, 7.5/30, 10/40, on average).                                
                                                                          
          DOME  brings  the  practice  of psi testing home to you. Anyone 
       can  participate  in  using  the  exercise.  Whether  or  not  you 
       believe  in the existence of psychic abilities, DOME is positively 
       worth  trying  to  see  if  your  beliefs  have  an effect on your 
       ability   to   achieve   significant   scores.   Parapsychologists 
       generally  feel  that  it  helps  to  believe  in  order  to score 
       significantly above chance on an ESP exercise.                     
                                                                          
          Some  researchers,  using automated testing systems enhanced by 
       feedback  signaling  to  the  user, have reported positive results 
       with  their continued use on subjects. Feedback lets the user know 
       right  away  whether  a  trial  has  been  guessed correctly. DOME 
       employs  an  audio-visual  feedback  system, thereby providing the 
       user with immediate knowledge of the correctness of each guess and 
       therefore  of  each  impression as it is received on a psychic (or 
       intuitive)  level.  Here,  if  psi  is in fact responsible for any 
       extra-chance  scoring,  the  possibility arises that such a system 
       might be used to help an individual learn to recognize immediately 
       which  feelings were associated with the correct impressions, hits 
       resulting.  If, through this recognition enhancement aspect, these 
       abilities  can  be developed to the point where they can be relied 
       upon,  they  may  prove  invaluable  for  countless  situations in 
       everyday life.                                                     
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       THE MENU FUNCTIONS                                                 
                                                                          
          DOME's  menuing  system makes it easy to get around and use the 
       program's  features.  Menu  items  may  be selected in a couple of 
       different  ways. You may use the left/right and up/down arrow keys 
       or  press  the key corresponding to the first letter of an item on 
       the  menu  bar  to  move the menu highlight to the desired choice. 
       Then  to  execute,  either  press  <Enter> when at the highlighted 
       selection  or just simply press the displayed function key of your 
       selection.                                                         
                                                                          
       | DOME |                                                           
          The  psi  exercise  is  initiated  via this menu selection. The 
       computer  will run the exercise according to the settings you have 
       chosen  from  the  other menus. Demo Start and User Start function 
       in  exactly  the  same manner except for one important difference: 
       Demo  Start  will  not  permit  the saving of scores, whereas User 
       Start  will  save  them  automatically  at  the  end of a run.     
                                                                          
       IMPORTANT:  Since  scores will automatically be saved, select User 
       when  you are genuinely attempting the exercise. Yet, good reasons 
       exist  why  you  might  choose  the  Demo  over the User function. 
                                                                          
       Select Demo Start when:                                            
                                                                          
             >>  You are new at using the program and would first like    
       to familiarize yourself with the feel and layout of the exercise   
                                                                          
             >>  You are demonstrating to others how the program works    
                                                                          
             >>  You are not really serious about trying to do your best  
       or you are not in the necessary frame of mind to interact properly 
                                                                          
          In  addition,  please  keep in mind that should you choose User 
       Start,  be  prepared  to complete the entire exercise, as there is 
       no  way to cancel a User run. And since every score is destined to 
       be  saved  at  the  outset of the User run, you should be somewhat 
       prepared  to  try  your  best  at  the  exercise.  The  section on 
       strategies will provide some guidelines on how to do this.         
                                                                          
       | Mode |                                                           
          The  manner  in  which the computer generates the target colors 
       for  the  trials of each run is decided by which mode has been set 
       beforehand.  In  ESP  mode,  the  computer  has  randomly chosen a 
       target  color  which  it holds in memory until a trial is guessed, 
       immediately  after which point the true target color is displayed. 
       ESP,  namely  that  of  clairvoyance,  would  then  presumably  be 
       responsible  if  significantly  scoring runs were attained in this 
       mode.                                                              
                                                                          
          In  PK  mode, the computer randomly and very rapidly cycles the 
       four  target  colors  in  memory while it awaits your choice. When 
       you  interrupt  the  cycle by making your choice, the target color 
       held  in  memory  at  the  interruption  point  is  displayed.  PK 
       (specifically  micro-PK,  or  small-scale  psychokinesis) would be 
       responsible  if the user (agent) was in some way exerting a mental 
       influence  as to cause minor shifts in the processing speed of the 
       computer  and  therefore in the speed at which the computer cycles 
       the   target   colors.  The  net  result  would  presumably  be  a 
       coinciding  of  the color chosen by the user with the target color 
       held in memory at the exact moment in time.                        
                                                                          
          Then  there is a problem of multiple interpretation. In PK mode 
       the  possibility exists that ESP is really responsible and not PK, 
       or  a  combination  of  both. ESP could be at cause if the user is 
       clairvoyantly  or,  better  yet,  precognitively  picking  up  the 
       target  color  in  computer  memory (or the target that will be in 
       memory,  in  the case of precognition) at the exact moment a color 
       is  chosen  and  thus  the cycle is interrupted. You may find that 
       you   receive  psychic  impressions  of  the  correct  color  (due 
       exclusively to ESP, by definition) in either mode.                 
                                                                          
          In  PK  mode, whether you are successful at willing your choice 
       of  the  correct  color  (due  to micro-PK) or whether you receive 
       impressions  in  a  similar manner to that of the ESP mode (due to 
       precognition  or  clairvoyance),  neither  is the important issue. 
       What  is important is to utilize any method whatsoever which works 
       best  for  you. In fact, you may want to stick with whichever mode 
       produces   your  highest  scoring,  as  the  emphasis  is  on  psi 
       utilization  in  general.  It may be best to think of the mode (PK 
       or   ESP)  as  referring  more  to  the  method  of  target  color 
       generation  than to the actual underlying psi process which allows 
       you to score a hit.                                                
                                                                          
          Please  note  that a definitive test of effects due to micro-PK 
       can  only be accomplished through a system which utilizes a method 
       of  true  random target generation, where the user tries to affect 
       the  outcome  of  the  randomized  process  by  "causing"  certain 
       targets  to  be  generated  over others. In computer systems (like 
       the  one  you  are  using)  the  random process is algorithmically 
       generated  (i.e.,  according  to  a  formula), which is to say the 
       process  is  not  truly  random,  but rather simulated, or pseudo- 
       random.  In  other  words,  no  way exists to mentally influence a 
       change  in  the  generation  of  targets  since  their  outcome is 
       predetermined for any point in the cycle.                          
       | Trials |                                                         
          The  number  of guess attempts in one run, i.e., the length, of 
       the  exercise  is  set by selecting this item on the menu. You are 
       encouraged  to stay with the Trials setting(s) of your preference. 
       If  you  feel  that  30 or 40 trials is too lengthy, stick with 20 
       trials  per run, especially if you feel that your scoring rate has 
       exhibited a tendency to decline over the course of a lengthy run.  
                                                                          
       | Options |                                                        
          Color  1  and  Color  2  set  the screen environment inside the 
       target   area   and  outside,  respectively.  Scroll  through  the 
       available  colors  by  using  the  up/down arrow keys, then set by 
       pressing  <Enter>  or  cancel by pressing <Esc>. You may find that 
       certain  screen  colors,  when  suited  to  your tastes, appear to 
       enhance  your performance at the exercise. Incidentally, they will 
       probably  be  the  colors  that  make you the most comfortable and 
       allow  you  to  focus  by  putting  your  mind  at ease. The sound 
       feedback setting (on/off) may be also chosen under Options.        
                                                                          
       | Scores |                                                         
          Choosing  View  on  the  menu  will display the highest scores, 
       categorized  by  trials,  that  have been achieved throughout your 
       use  of  the program. The window is divided into an upper portion, 
       which  shows  the top ten highest individual runs on record, and a 
       lower part, displaying the top nine high score frequencies (number 
       of  times  each score has been achieved) and run total (T) for the 
       currently  set  mode  (PK or ESP).  Only  record  high  scores are 
       displayed, as these are the ones you want to surpass.              
                                                                          
          In  order  to  know  whether  you  have demonstrated actual psi 
       abilities,  you  need  to evaluate your complete sample of scores. 
       There  is  no  effective limit on the number of scores that can be 
       saved  and  subsequently  evaluated  by  the program. As a general 
       rule,   the   more   times   you   have  used  the  exercise  (and 
       therefore  the  more scores you have saved), the more accurate the 
       evaluation   becomes.  Lesser  numbers  of  scores  can  still  be 
       evaluated,  but  may  not  give  as  good  a  picture of your true 
       performance.  For  any one set number of trials in one mode, 20-30 
       runs  can  be  considered  a  reasonable  minimum  for the sake of 
       accuracy.                                                          
                                                                          
          A  printed  record of the report screen can be made by pressing 
       the   keyboard-designated  Print  Screen  key,  <PrtSc>.  This  is 
       especially  useful  if  you  want  to keep a record of significant 
       scores,  just  before you decide to save a new set. When a new set 
       is   started,   all  current  scores  that  have  been  saved  are 
       permanently erased. At any time, this procedure can be executed by 
       selecting Reset on the Scores menu.                                
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       | Info |                                                           
          Info  permits  the  viewing  of  the  entire User Guide and Psi 
       Reference from within DOME.                                        
                                                                          
                                                                          
       RUNNING THE EXERCISE                                               
                                                                          
          Once  the  exercise  has  been  initiated  via the selection of 
       either  Demo  Start  or  User  Start  on the program menu, you may 
       begin  to  use the key controls to select the target color of your 
       choice.  The target colors, and their associated key controls, are 
       as  follows:  red, up arrow; yellow, down arrow; blue, left arrow; 
       green,  right  arrow.  The  Num Lock may be in either setting. For 
       ease  of  use, you can simulate the arrow key configuration of the 
       AT-style,  101  keyboard  with  the Num Lock in the on setting and 
       the  center  numeric key (number 5) doubling as the down arrow key 
       (yellow).  This configuration permits the resting of three fingers 
       in  a  row on the controls, with the middle one controlling up and 
       down.                                                              
                                                                          
          For   each   trial,   you   will  notice  that  the  color  box 
       corresponding  to  your key press becomes highlighted. At the same 
       moment,  the  true  target  color  is displayed in the appropriate 
       box,  remaining  on  screen  for  a  predetermined  amount of time 
       (between  one  and  two  seconds)  before  it clears. Through this 
       visual  feedback,  you  will know instantly if your choice for the 
       trial  is  correct  (hit) or incorrect (miss). It is not necessary 
       to  wait  for  the  screen  to clear to move on to the next trial; 
       choose  targets  at  your  own  pace.  The  computer  has  already 
       generated  the  next successive target while revealing the current 
       target  on  screen,  in  ESP  mode.  In PK mode, the rapid, cyclic 
       generation of targets is ongoing at all times during the run. This 
       process  can  be  viewed  in  Demo  mode only by pressing <Ctrl-P> 
       (Peek) at any time during a run. Auditory feedback, if enabled, is 
       indicated by a tone having a high pitch (hit) or low pitch (miss). 
                                                                          
          You  may  view  your  status  during a run by pressing <Ctrl-S> 
       when  in  between  trials,  i.e., when boxes are empty. The status 
       will  inform you of the number of trials remaining, as well as how 
       many  hits have been achieved and the current settings. When a run 
       ends, the proportion of hits in comparison to the outcome for each 
       color is displayed by  way  of  a  hit  scale. With the hit scale, 
       you can  visually  tell  which  color  targets  you  may have been 
       inclined  to  guess  correctly  over any others. The upper graphic 
       depicts  (approx.)  the  actual number of correct guesses for each 
       color (bar) over the actual outcome of each color (line), with the 
       highest  outcome number (the measure) displayed on the axis of the 
       scale.  These  hits can also be viewed, in the lower graphic, as a 
       percentage of outcome for each color (approx.).                    
                                                                          
          In  terms  of  significant  scoring,  you should try to achieve 
       high scores as far from chance as possible. Exactly chance scoring 
       is  as follows: for 20 trials, 5 hits; for 30 trials, 7 or 8 hits; 
       for  40 trials, 10 hits. In order to determine actual significance 
       due  to  psi  (as opposed to chance) a complete set of user scores 
       must  be  statistically  analyzed.                                 
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       STRATEGIES FOR USING DOME                                          
                                                                          
          Before  you  begin  an  exercise,  you  should be in a mentally 
       relaxed  state,  while  remaining  both alert and receptive at the 
       same  time.  You  should  also be comfortably situated with no one 
       around  to  disturb  you,  without  distraction, and under no time 
       restrictions.  Clear  your  mind  completely. Remove all worry and 
       doubt,  otherwise  you  might restrain or completely suppress your 
       mental  powers.  For honest skeptics, at least for the duration of 
       the  exercise, you must be willing to believe that you can rely on 
       your  psi faculties in order to score significantly. Faith in your 
       abilities is fundamental to scoring well.                          
                                                                          
          Once  this proper frame of mind is attained, begin the exercise 
       by  focusing your attention on the color boxes in the target area. 
       You  may  now  confidently await impressions of the correct target 
       color.  Do  this  with eyes either open or closed, whichever works 
       best  for  you.  Impressions  will  register  as  transient mental 
       images  and  sudden  feelings  which  impart  a distinct, positive 
       sensation  about  the  correctness of the target. For example, you 
       may  perceive  the target color as a mental flash and then score a 
       hit  by pressing the associated key for that target. An impression 
       may  also  be felt in terms of the direction of the target, if not 
       by   color   alone.  Oftentimes,  the  first  impression  received 
       intuitively  is  the  correct  one.  In  PK  mode,  when trying to 
       influence   target   outcome,   along   with  maintaining  a  firm 
       conviction,  your visualization of your selected target is helpful 
       just before pressing the proper key.                               
                                                                          
          Psychically  derived  information registers at a specific level 
       within  the  subconscious  in  a mentally unprocessed or elemental 
       form.  This registering occurs independently of the conscious mind 
       and  its  associated  use  of  the five senses. When receiving psi 
       impressions,   you   must   take   precaution   against  conscious 
       interference  (reasoning,  imagination)  which  can  lead  you  to 
       incorrectly  second-guess  your  true  intuitive impression of the 
       correct  color.  Any  guesses  you  make on the basis of conscious 
       reasoning  will  generally  not  produce  significant  scoring. An 
       example  of  this  occurs  when  you  try  to  figure  out, on any 
       successive  trial,  which  target  is  most likely the correct one 
       based  on  previous  trial  outcomes.  Searching  for a pattern or 
       method  by  which  to  deduce  your  choices  will not work as the 
       target  generation  is  effectively  random  anyway. To aid you in 
       suppressing conscious interference, keep your attention focused on 
       the target area.                                                   
                                                                          
          It  is  not  necessary to rush through the trials of a run; you 
       determine  your  own  pace. Take as long as you need to guess each 
       trial.  If  you  fail  to  perceive  a  target, avoid forcing your 
       selection.  Rather,  while maintaining a relaxed and focused state 
       of  mind,  try  directing  to  your subconscious, for example, the 
       following  suggestion: "Reveal to me what is the true color of the 
       target."  With confidence, anticipate an impression of the correct 
       color to then arise.                                               
                                                                          
          Practice  is essential in order to become skilled at using your 
       psi  ability.  However,  it may be helpful not to attempt too many 
       runs  in  one  sitting, especially if you notice a decline in your 
       scoring.  Take breaks, as many and as often as required to restore 
       your  ability  to achieve. Concern yourself with the trial at hand 
       only;  to consciously dwell on past scores may interfere with your 
       psi  abilities  in  the  current  run.  Stay  motivated and keep a 
       positive  outlook,  even  if  your  scoring  is  falling  short of 
       expectation.  It is expected that you will achieve chance and even 
       below-chance  scores  occasionally.  In  fact, psi significance is 
       determined  by  analyzing  the achieved frequencies of all scores. 
       Even if despite your best efforts you feel that you have failed to 
       produce  desirable  scores, do not be discouraged. Psi effects are 
       often  subtle,  and  will perhaps show up only after your complete 
       set of scores has been evaluated.                                  
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       EVERYDAY ASPECTS OF PSI                                            
                                                                          
          People  who  attune  themselves  to  their  psi  abilities have 
       reported  advantages  which enable them to live more secure, well- 
       informed  lives.  The  intuitive  level  of   the  subconscious is 
       believed   to  protect  the  self  by  constantly  monitoring  the 
       environment   (through   psi)   for   knowledge   of   events   or 
       circumstances   of   essential   importance   to  the  individual. 
       Conscious  awareness  of  this  psi-derived  information can be of 
       assistance   by   guiding  the  individual  to  make  the  correct 
       decisions in life.                                                 
                                                                          
          By   relaxing  and  inwardly  focusing  the  attention  of  the 
       conscious  mind,  clairvoyant  or  precognitive information may be 
       obtained  in  the  form  of impressions, i.e., images or feelings, 
       which  register  abruptly  and  then  quickly vanish. Impressions, 
       when  accepted  at  face  value, should provide an individual with 
       the  required  knowledge  to take the proper course of action when 
       faced  with many decisions. However, imagination and reasoning may 
       interfere  and incorrectly modify the impression, thereby reducing 
       its  effectiveness in decision-making, so you must be careful when 
       interpreting your impressions.                                     
                                                                          
          In  telepathy,  another reported psi function, thought messages 
       are  communicated  by one individual, the sender, into the mind of 
       another   individual,   the   receiver.   Telepathically  received 
       impressions  register  in  a similar manner as clairvoyance above. 
       In  experiments  of  this  type, the receiver also concentrates on 
       both the sender and the impending thought impression. When sending 
       thoughts  to  someone  else,  visualization  of  what  you want to 
       communicate is important. Reinforced by strong feelings, images or 
       thoughts  should  be  projected into the mind of the individual on 
       whom  you  are  concentrating  (the  receiver). As a general rule, 
       always  remember,  whenever using psi abilities, the importance of 
       faith  and  conviction  cannot  be overstressed. The importance of 
       practice should not be forgotten either.                           
                                                                          
                                                                          
          The  aforementioned  summary is provided mainly as a preface to 
       psi's  everyday  uses.  Much  has been written about the potential 
       applications  of psi and how to make full use of such abilities to 
       work  to  one's advantage in everyday living. A few such works are 
       listed at the end of the Psi Reference. These, and other available 
       titles, will offer much more detail on the subject and can be used 
       to enhance your study and to further your psi development.         
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                    DOME - Development of Mental Energy (tm)              
                                                                          
                                  PSI REFERENCE                           
                                                                          
                                                                          
          Some  of the ideas presented in DOME are part of a larger field 
       of  study  known  collectively as parapsychology, or psiology, the 
       study  of  psi.  Though only some types of phenomena in this field 
       are  directly relevant to the DOME program, others can be of added 
       interest  from  a  standpoint  of  apparent  human  experience  as 
       reported  by  individuals  on occasion. What follows is a summary, 
       by  no means complete, of some of the major phenomena reported, as 
       well  as a mention of some of the surrounding issues of the field. 
       Please be aware that many ideas have been advanced to explain such 
       events,  with often as much disagreement exhibited by those within 
       the field as by critics of the field. In what follows, there is no 
       intent to endorse any one viewpoint over another.                  
                                                                          
       Program text (C) 1991-95 by TBX Software. All rights are reserved. 
                                                                          
                                Table of Contents                         
                                                                          
                                                                          
                      Section                       ViewPage              
                                                                          
                   I  Introduction                       3                
                                                                          
                  II  Types of Psi  ESP                 8                
                                                                          
                       PK                              12                
                                                                          
                       "Survival" Phenomena            15                
                                                                          
                 III  Problems In Parapsychology        22                
                                                                          
                  IV  Ufology and "Alien" Encounters    26                
                                                                          
                                                                          
       INTRODUCTION                                                       
                                                                          
          Those   involved   in   the  field  of  parapsychology  concern 
       themselves  with  the  understanding  and  explanation of certain, 
       occasionally  reported occurrences which appear to lie outside the 
       realm of normal experience. Specifically, these phenomena, labeled 
       as  "psi"  (pronounced  "sigh"), usually deal with an individual's 
       interaction  with  the  external  environment through a process as 
       yet undetermined by conventional science. Such interactions can be 
       divided  into  two  basic  types:  that  of  informational psi, or 
       extrasensory   perception,   known   also  as  ESP,  and  that  of 
       influential  psi, or psychokinesis, known also as PK. A third area 
       of  interest  deals  with  the  question  of whether living beings 
       possess  a spirit which can survive the death of the physical body 
       and  subsequently interact with the living. This is referred to as 
       the "survival hypothesis".                                         
                                                                          
          Occurrences  claimed  to  be  due  to  psi fall into individual 
       categories  based  on  their  characteristics, as explained in the 
       following  section,  "Types  of  Psi". Oftentimes these categories 
       are  not  well-defined,  especially  when  trying  to  classify  a 
       reported  psi happening. Multiple interpretations due to psi exist 
       for  many  of  the  types  of  reported  occurrences, even well in 
       addition  to the "normal" interpretations claimed by those who are 
       doubtful  regarding psi's existence. Regardless as to explanation, 
       people  react  differently  from  one  another  to  reports of psi 
       occurrences,  especially  to  their own personal experiences which 
       may  be  attributable to psi. Some may express doubt or disbelief, 
       while  others may become downright fearful, while others still may 
       ignore  such  occurrences  entirely  or  without  even consciously 
       knowing.  The  best reaction, though, is perhaps one of curiosity, 
       for  it is through this that some insight, and thus understanding, 
       may be gained into the true nature of the experience.              
                                                                          
          Psi  events  fall  into two general categories: those happening 
       seemingly  on  their  own without any provocation, and those which 
       are  caused  intentionally.  As  such, the psi expressed under the 
       former  is  known  as "spontaneous psi", while the latter is known 
       as  "induced  psi".  Many tests have been designed for the induced 
       demonstration  of  psi  (both  ESP  and  PK) and have usually been 
       carried  out  in  a lab equipped for this purpose. Results of such 
       tests  vary  widely  and have been the subject of much controversy 
       from  both  within  and outside the field. The Introduction to the 
       DOME  User  Guide  contains  more information about psi testing in 
       general.  Most  of  the reported psi events are those which happen 
       to  individuals rather unexpectedly, oftentimes surprising someone 
       in  the  home, office, or just about anywhere the experience takes 
       place.  As  such,  these  "spontaneous"  occurrences  are the ones 
       usually  responsible  for feelings of awe, shock, or bewilderment. 
       Examples  include  out-of-body  experiences, precognitive visions, 
       apparitional encounters, hauntings, and poltergeist events.        
                                                                          
          The  organized  study  of  psychic  occurrences  is roughly one 
       hundred-ten  years  old. Since its beginnings, many obstacles have 
       stood  in the way of progress. (See the section entitled "Problems 
       In  Parapsychology".) Today, mainstream science is still reluctant 
       to  take  the  psi  issue  seriously. Not only has the war between 
       critic  and  proponent  of  parapsychology  been  waged for over a 
       century  now,  but  seemingly little progress has been made in the 
       direction  of  uncovering  the  truth  about  the  nature  of such 
       phenomena.  To  this  end, many parapsychologists still claim that 
       psi  exists with very little question, and skeptics say that it is 
       just  about  all  nonsense. Parapsychology has been described as a 
       legitimate  area  of scientific inquiry by those within the field, 
       and  as  an  area  of  scientific  heresy  by  those outside. Yet, 
       interestingly,  otherwise  traditional  scientists  can  be  found 
       to populate both sides of the issue.                               
                                                                          
          Moreover,  parapsychology  is  often  confused  and  improperly 
       lumped   together   with   other  subject  areas  of  questionable 
       scientific  validity, labeled as the "unknown", the "unexplained", 
       or   the   occult,  such  as  astrology,  numerology,  demonology, 
       satanism,   vampires,  Bigfoot,  New  Age,  Atlantis,  and  UFO's. 
       Parapsychology  may  have  as little to do with these "mysterious" 
       subjects  as  they have to do with each other. The grouping itself 
       is   odd,   for   some   are  considered  art  forms;  others  are 
       metaphysical   ideas;   others   hinge   on   existence   of   the 
       "supernatural";  others  are  preserved  in  legends and folklore, 
       while  others may be deserving of scientific attention still (like 
       UFO's).  Regarding  this last point, some information on UFO's and 
       the  "alien" abduction phenomenon will be included, not as part of 
       parapsychology,   but   incidental   to   it.  It  is  nonetheless 
       interesting  to note that much psi phenomena has been described to 
       occur during such reported encounters.                             
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       TYPES OF PSI                                                       
                                      ESP                               
                                                                          
          The  term  "ESP"  encompasses  those  specific instances of psi 
       occurrence  which  enable  an  individual  to  receive information 
       external  to  the  mind without any use of the senses or reasoning 
       whatsoever.  The  first type of ESP, clairvoyance, pertains to the 
       perceiving  of objects or conditions in current time. Although the 
       information   is   not   acquired  via  the  sense  organs,  these 
       perceptions  are  usually  in  the  form  of,  but not limited to, 
       visions,  and  they  may  also  be  in the apparent form of sound, 
       feelings,  and  even smell. If the information is channeled over a 
       distance,  as opposed to being received from the immediate locale, 
       this  process  is often known as "remote perception". On occasion, 
       one  may get the additional feeling of actually visiting a distant 
       scene,  and  the  term  "traveling clairvoyance" may apply. As the 
       mind  may  be  fooled  into thinking that part of oneself has left 
       the  body  in  order  to  perceive  the  surroundings of a distant 
       location,  it has been proposed as an possible explanation for the 
       out-of-body experience, or OBE, later discussed under "Survival".  
                                                                          
          Dowsing,  or  radiesthesia,  involves  the use of a held object 
       (e.g.,  a  rod  or  branch)  to  locate,  in  a  process  known as 
       "divination",  underground  substances  like water or oil, whereby 
       the held object may be serving as a focus for clairvoyant ability. 
       Psychometry, which is also thought to involve clairvoyance, is the 
       "reading"  of  an object or location for facts about the object or 
       its  owner,  or  persons  associated  with some location, often in 
       connection  with the past. In order for this to be possible, it is 
       presumed  that an object or location has the ability, through some 
       kind of "recording mechanism", to retain some aspect or quality of 
       of  its  past surroundings or associated events. Psychometry would 
       then  in effect be accomplished by somehow sensing or viewing what 
       has been recorded.                                                 
                                                                          
          The  term  "haunting", especially in reference to its recurrent 
       and  locality-specific aspects, has a basis in ESP. A haunting can 
       presently  be  interpreted  as  the  psychometric replaying of the 
       recorded  events  of a location's past in the mind of an observer. 
       A  major  characteristic  of  a  haunting  is  often  that  of  an 
       apparition  which  appears  to  enact  the same motions over again 
       when  certain  conditions  exist,  like  a  specific  time of day, 
       time  of  year, or season, and which may be sensed by only certain 
       individuals present (who may be unconsciously using psychometry to 
       "see"  the  event).  Another  interpretation  for  hauntings,  and 
       psychometry   in   general,   has   to  do  with  the  concept  of 
       retrocognition,  another type of ESP. This refers to an ability to 
       sense,  while  mentally focusing on the object or location, actual 
       events  occurring in the past, as opposed to using clairvoyance to 
       view a recording of the past in the present time.                  
                                                                          
          Precognition,  another  form  of  ESP,  deals  with information 
       supposedly  received  from the future. The existence of this form, 
       of  course,  is dependant on whether it is possible for the future 
       to   be   fully  established  and,  if  so,  whether  this  future 
       information can cross backwards in time. One psi explanation for a 
       precognitive  feeling  may  be  the  mind's  demonstrative  way of 
       informing  or  warning  of  a  highly  probably  outcome  based on 
       current   conditions   obtained  clairvoyantly.  This  might  also 
       explain  why,  through  avoidance  or  otherwise, not all negative 
       premonitions come true.                                            
                                                                          
          The   last   major  form  of  ESP,  telepathy,  relates  to  an 
       individual's  awareness of thoughts and feelings which are present 
       in  the  mind  of  another. This apparent thought transference has 
       been   found   to   be   independent  of  distance,  as  has  been 
       demonstrated  in  various  experiments conducted over distances of 
       up  to  thousands  of  miles.  Sometimes telepathy can occur quite 
       spontaneously,  as  has been reported, for example, in a few cases 
       where  danger is involved. During these times, a person in trouble 
       might  send  out  sort  of  a  telepathic  call for help, which is 
       "heard"  by someone familiar to that person. Or, an individual may 
       try  to warn someone of a potentially dangerous situation they are 
       aware  of  by  trying  to  inform  them  or  get  their  attention 
       telepathically, by mentally calling the person's name, etc.        
                                                                          
                                      PK                                
                                                                          
          The   concept   of   psychokinesis,   or  PK,  deals  with  the 
       hypothetical  influence  of the human mind on objects or processes 
       external  to  it.  Often  referred  to  as "mind over matter", any 
       means  by  which  the  human  mind  can alter or affect a physical 
       system  without  direct  or  indirect  motor  contact must be done 
       through  PK. Any individual who uses PK is known as an "agent". PK 
       can  be  divided in four areas of study, and two of them, macro-PK 
       and micro-PK, are often studied in the laboratory.                 
                                                                          
          Micro-PK  refers  to PK effects which are to a slight degree or 
       on  a  microscopic  level, the detection of which is determined by 
       the  outcomes  of several attempted applications, then analyzed in 
       comparison  to a control. For example, in the PK mode of DOME, the 
       agent  attempts  to  influence  the random outcome of a particular 
       color.   After   many   attempts,   the   score   results  can  be 
       statistically  compared  to  a  control  (chance)  model to see if 
       micro-PK  was  responsible, as presumably would be the case if the 
       scores,  as a whole, differed significantly from chance. Macro-PK, 
       on  the  other  hand, deals with larger-scale, visually observable 
       effects,  primarily  concerning  the gauged movement or alteration 
       of  objects,  the  disappearance  and  reappearance  of objects in 
       different locations, and even levitations.                         
                                                                          
          Another  area  related  to  macro-PK  because  of  its  visible 
       effects  is the concept of the poltergeist occurrence. Contrary to 
       the  popular  presentation  of  this  phenomenon  by  the media to 
       involve  "evil"  supernatural entities, parapsychologists now view 
       this  experience  as  originating  by  and  occurring  around  the 
       living.  In any particular case, the occurrences generally involve 
       the  strange  movement,  breaking, or rearrangement of objects, or 
       the  unusual  origination  of  sounds,  and  these  happenings are 
       attributed  to  a  specific individual around whom the events seem 
       to  revolve.  It  is  assumed  that  the events themselves are the 
       result  of  stressful  situations  involving  the  individual, who 
       unknowingly  may  serve  as  agent to utilize unconscious PK as an 
       outlet for the stress, as a means to alleviate it.                 
          Psychic   healing,  the  final  PK-related  area,  involves  an 
       individual's  ability  to heal injuries or illnesses of oneself or 
       of  others  through a technique of concentration and possibly hand 
       contact.  This  supposedly  enables  the healer to focus attention 
       and  somehow  impart  a  healing  influence to the required target 
       area, usually some specific bodily tissue or organ. Oftentimes the 
       healing   is  both  complete  and  unexpected,  and  often  rather 
       astounding  as far as what should normally be expected in terms of 
       traditional  medicine.  However,  it  has been suggested that such 
       healing  is  done,  not  through  the  use  of PK, but through the 
       normal  (psychosomatic) effects of psychology on the physiology of 
       the body, via some intricate, though poorly understood, connection 
       between  the  two.  According to this idea, a person attempting to 
       heal  another  might  really  be  instilling  a  suggestion to the 
       subconscious  of  the other person, which acts to initiate a self- 
       healing process.                                                   
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                      PHENOMENA SUGGESTIVE OF "SURVIVAL"                
                                                                          
          The  third  division  of  study  in  parapsychology  has been a 
       subject  of  debate  within  the field for quite some time now. It 
       involves  the  issue of whether some part of consciousness - be it 
       a  soul,  spirit,  life force, or whatever - can continue to exist 
       after  the  death  of  the  body,  or  even just separate from the 
       living  body.  A  few  varied types of phenomena have been grouped 
       together  as  providing  little  more than suggestive evidence for 
       this  so-called  "survival  hypothesis". The debate itself centers 
       around  whether  such  events can be adequately explained by means 
       other  than  "survival",  such as through psi, in what is known as 
       the  "super-ESP  (or super-psi) hypothesis" (cases implying direct 
       spirit   communication),   or  through  traditional  psychological 
       thinking.   Some   types   of   phenomena  in  this  area  include 
       apparitions,    out-of-body    experiences   (OBE's),   near-death 
       experiences  (NDE's),  reported "possession" by spirits or demons, 
       mediumship, and the concept of reincarnation.                      
                                                                          
          Reported  genuine apparitions, or ghosts, appear to behave in a 
       purposeful  and  intelligent  manner,  unlike  that of a haunting, 
       where  through  the presumed unconscious use of psychometry on the 
       location  by  a  living person, the "recorded" image of a deceased 
       person  may be seen to go through the same, recurring motions. The 
       seeming  arrival  of  apparitions is often related to some crisis, 
       like  dying,  which  suggests the serving of a need, possibly that 
       of communication with the observer. Apparitions have been reported 
       at times to look like solid, living individuals, yet may either be 
       that  of a living, dying, or a dead person. Sometimes, apparitions 
       may  look  less solid, or less sharply defined, or may even appear 
       or  disappear  from  view suddenly or unexpectedly. At other times 
       still,  an apparition may be "sensed" non-visually, as by feeling, 
       hearing, or through a combination of such means.                   
                                                                          
          The  existence  of the OBE implies that some aspect of the mind 
       or  consciousness  can  leave the body and travel. Although it has 
       been  interpreted  as a form of traveling clairvoyance, oftentimes 
       the  individual  having  the OBE is detected or even "seen" at the 
       location  being "visited", suggesting that indeed some part of the 
       mind  has  traveled  there,  which may be effectively resolved, by 
       ESP,  into  an  apparition  in  the  mind  of  an  observer.  This 
       "apparition  of  the  living"  or  "doppelganger" (meaning "double 
       walker")  reportedly  looks  like,  acts  like,  and  may  even be 
       mistaken  for  the  actual person. Interestingly, even though away 
       having  the  OBE, the person usually has the additional feeling of 
       being  at  such  a location and interacting with those present. An 
       observer may even serve to confirm the details of the "visit".     
                                                                          
          Apparitions,  both  of the living and dead, can be explained in 
       terms  of the super-psi hypothesis. In the case of the traditional 
       apparition  of  the  dead,  it can be said that a living person is 
       utilizing  clairvoyance  or retrocognition to obtain the necessary 
       information  on the deceased person to enable himself to "see" it, 
       give  it personality and intelligence, and meanwhile possibly even 
       utilize  PK  for  any  physical  interactions.  Apparitions of the 
       living  (or  dying)  may  be  similarly  produced  by  utilizing a 
       combination  of  telepathic  communication (with the person at the 
       original  location)  to recreate the person's image and enable one 
       to interact with it (using telepathy and PK).                      
                                                                          
          A   fairly  commonly  reported  phenomenon  which  is  strongly 
       suggestive  of  the  "survival"  idea is the near-death experience 
       (NDE).  This is often reported by individuals who may have in fact 
       been  determined  clinically  dead  for  a time, the period during 
       which  a  few  characteristic  things,  some  of which suggest the 
       operation  of  ESP,  are  said  to  happen. Such would include the 
       viewing  of  oneself  and  one's location from a point outside the 
       body   (like   an   OBE),  an  awareness  of  actual  activity  or 
       conversation  in  this  location, the sense of being drawn towards 
       some  bright  light  and  through  some  tunnel,  and the apparent 
       presence  of  deceased persons or a religious figure recognized by 
       the  individual.  An  alternative explanation for a NDE associates 
       it  with  a physiological (or neuro-psychological) reaction to the 
       process  of  dying, possibly during which time, bits of memory are 
       activated  and  perceptual  errors are experienced. As such, it is 
       assumed,  that  the  experience  dissipates  when  the brain fully 
       ceases to function.                                                
                                                                          
          Reincarnation,  the  ancient  idea that souls or spirits of the 
       dead  are  reborn  in  other  bodies, relies on for its evidence a 
       technique  referred to as "past lives therapy", used presumably to 
       regress  a hypnotized person to a "previous life". However, it has 
       been  found  that  the mind can often unconsciously fabricate such 
       information,  perhaps  as  a  result of suggestion prompted by the 
       the  hypnotist,  rendering the technique ineffective as a means of 
       providing  proof of reincarnation. Even if the information derived 
       from the subject is subsequently verified as factual and could not 
       have  possibly been known because of its relative obscurity, it is 
       still  once  more  possible  to  explain  the  acquiring  of  such 
       info through ESP, as either by clairvoyance or retrocognition.     
                                                                          
          The  issue  of  mediumship  involves  the  presumed  contact or 
       communication  with  a  spirit by some sort of telepathic means. A 
       medium,  acting  as  a  connection or channel for communication to 
       occur  between the living and the dead, typically relays, to those 
       seated  nearby,  information  in  the  form  of  messages  from or 
       regarding  an individual spirit who is "contacted". Oftentimes the 
       dead  may appear to speak directly through the medium, and since a 
       medium  may  be in a trance state and unaware of what is going on, 
       this  may  be  considered  a  case  of  what  is called "automatic 
       speaking".                                                         
                                                                          
          The  voice  of  a  medium  may change when information is being 
       channeled,  and  other  information may be given through automatic 
       writing,  whereby  the medium writes information without conscious 
       awareness  of  what  the hand is seemingly doing on its own. These 
       and  other  such  unconscious physical acts are not greatly unlike 
       that   of  reported  "possession",  where  an  individual's  usual 
       behavior   and   personality   are  often  suppressed  or  changed 
       drastically  in  accordance with the control supposedly imposed by 
       an  "evil entity". Utterances of abusive language or gibberish and 
       the  origination  of  unusual  strength  are  often  noted in such 
       cases,  and an exorcism may be considered to "rid" the body of the 
       presumed spirit influence.                                         
          The  super-psi  hypothesis  can be used to explain any apparent 
       spirit  communication, in terms of a medium's unknowing use of ESP 
       to   obtain  information  from  the  living  (telepathy)  or  from 
       existing  records  (clairvoyance)  about  a  deceased  individual. 
       Regardless  of this, psychological explanations have been advanced 
       to  explain  other  odd  events  that  suggest  the influence of a 
       discarnate  entity  or spirit on an individual. These explanations 
       apply  to  all  situations  where those involved (mediums or those 
       "possessed") believe what happens to them is true and is in no way 
       intentionally  produced,  such  as by staging or faking. (Trickery 
       is a recognized problem in the area of mediumship, especially when 
       involving physical occurrences and apparent direct speaking.) When 
       believed  to  be authentic, any odd behaviors may be the result of 
       certain  mental  disturbances  or autosuggestions which can result 
       in   dissociation,   a   mental  state  where  normally  conscious 
       activities  come  under  subconscious  control,  and  a  secondary 
       personality  may  emerge,  all  seemingly without the individual's 
       awareness.                                                         
                                                                          
       PROBLEMS IN PARAPSYCHOLOGY                                         
                                                                          
          The  field  of parapsychology suffers from a number of problems 
       which serve to lessen its image both in the eyes of the public and 
       to  the  scientific  community  at large. Criticisms brought on by 
       skeptics  have had an added impact, positive perhaps, by making it 
       more  imperative  that  parapsychologists  work  harder  and  more 
       carefully  to  provide  the "proof" which is needed for acceptance 
       as a legitimate area of scientific inquiry.                        
                                                                          
          One  big  problem  area  deals with the negative and inaccurate 
       portrayal  of psi occurrences and related parapsychological issues 
       in  the  media or on film. Almost anything one views on television 
       or  learns through the news regarding reports of psi, or the field 
       in general, is in some way usually either exaggerated, misleading, 
       or  even  flat-out wrong. Often, such is the result of the media's 
       high  priority  for  ratings,  which unfortunately proceeds at the 
       expense  of  the  truth.  As  such,  it is virtually impossible to 
       derive  factual  information  from  such  sensational  depictions, 
       which  should more properly be viewed as entertainment, if nothing 
       else.  As  far  as  psi-oriented movies are concerned, practically 
       nothing  ever  shown  comes anywhere close to what actually occurs 
       in  normal,  everyday life, so that movies, in their often extreme 
       and  overblown  depictions  of  psi,  are even less dependable for 
       providing  accurate  information  to  the public. (After all, they 
       are just movies.)                                                  
                                                                          
          Another  big  problem revolves around the widespread fraud that 
       has  occurred  in  the  past  and  even  still  turns  up today in 
       connection  with  the  field  of  parapsychology.  Fraud has shown 
       itself  in  a  number of ways. The false assurances and fabricated 
       information  given by phony psychics and mediums have enabled them 
       to   profit   off   the  credulous  public, during which time they 
       steadfastly  proclaim  themselves  genuine.  Psychic  surgeons and 
       faith  healers  have  preyed  off  the  vulnerability  of the sick 
       and  dying  by  offering  cures which are promised in exchange for 
       large  sums  of  money.  Individuals have lied or used trickery to 
       substantiate and promote their own paranormal events, hoping for a 
       chance  to  profit  in  some  way, such as might be gained through 
       media attention. Researchers sometimes have resorted to faking lab 
       results  in  order  to  support  their  own  views, while at other 
       times,  test subjects have cheated during experiments, often using 
       techniques  borrowed  from  magic to fool observers, including the 
       researchers  themselves. For this reason, having a magician around 
       to  view  any claimed paranormal events can be a good idea, except 
       when, of course, the magician gets fooled, which has been known to 
       happen on occasion.                                                
                                                                          
          Nonbelievers  in  psi  feel  that  paranormal phenomena can, in 
       general,  be  explained by normal means. Aside from the occasional 
       debunking  of  a  phony  psychic  or fraudulent report of psi, the 
       skeptics  feel  that  the remainder of the reports each have their 
       explanation  in  the normal workings of human psychology. Based on 
       what  is  known,  the human mind can and often does make mistakes. 
       Perceptual  errors  result  because normal sensory information, in 
       the  form  of  neural  impulses,  is  resolved and modified by the 
       subconscious,  with  its  fears,  beliefs,  expectations,  and the 
       like,  so  that  the  end result of what is perceived by the brain 
       may  be  very  different from what exists objectively, or external 
       to  the  individual.  People  are  fooled by magic because of this 
       fact.  In  addition,  it  is easy at times to put together logical 
       connections  regarding  events  which are in fact not linked, such 
       as  when  a  coincidence occurs. Where a normal event may not have 
       been  misperceived  or its cause misunderstood, skeptics feel that 
       any  one  of  imagination,  dreaming,  or  of  mental  impairment, 
       disorder,  or  illness  may  be responsible for what is labeled as 
       "psi".  Today, careful parapsychologists are especially aware that 
       many  apparent  psi  reports have normal explanations, as they are 
       often the first to discover them.                                  
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       UFOLOGY AND "ALIEN" ENCOUNTERS                                     
                                                                          
          Although  the  subject  of  UFO's  (ufology)  is a distinct and 
       separate  field from parapsychology, a couple of reasons exist for 
       its   inclusion   here.   First,   reports   of  UFO's  and  their 
       "occupants",  not  unlike  reports of psi, seem to indicate a type 
       of  unusual human experience which occurs sporadically and usually 
       without  warning, often leaving those involved in a state of great 
       curiosity, bewilderment, or emotional upset. Second, many reported 
       UFO   and   "alien"   encounters   also  include  details  of  psi 
       functioning.  Psi  events  often  reported in connection with UFO- 
       related  activity  may  include  one  or  more  of  the following: 
       telepathic   communication   with   alleged  occupants  of  UFO's, 
       clairvoyant   and  precognitive  images  and  dreams,  out-of-body 
       experiences,   apparent   psychokinetic  levitations,  poltergeist 
       manifestations,  and  apparitional encounters. These various types 
       of  occurrences  have  been reported to precede, coincide with, or 
       follow in relative proximity to the time of the UFO event.         
                                                                          
          Independent  UFO-related  reports, which may include stories of 
       "alien"  visitation, often have many details in common. Aside from 
       the  usual characteristic of seeing unidentified lights or objects 
       in the sky, those experiencing more involved "contact" may report, 
       in  addition  to the above psi happenings, one or more such events 
       as the viewing of a UFO at close range, localized, temporary power 
       outages   and   electrical   interference   (both   in  homes  and 
       automobiles),  strange  light  phenomena,  periods  of  time which 
       cannot be accounted for, and even the sudden appearance of strange 
       bodily  scars  or  markings.  Under hypnosis, oftentimes so-called 
       "buried"  (i.e.,  repressed)  memories  are elicited, occasionally 
       revealing   details   involving   bizarre   medical   examinations 
       administered by apparently intelligent, humanoid beings, and which 
       take  place  in  a circular "room", presumably on the UFO. Four or 
       more  different being "types" have been described in reports, with 
       at least one appearing human, the others less so.                  
                                                                          
          There are still other defining characteristics of the encounter 
       experience,  but  it is perhaps more important to note that only a 
       small percentage of UFO witnesses have had a greater "involvement" 
       in  an  event  than was first apparent to them. Such a realization 
       usually happens some time after the occurrence and can appear with 
       or  without  the  aid  of  hypnosis,  often resulting in shock and 
       puzzlement  to  the witness. The sudden awareness of such involved 
       contact  may lead to revelations of additional UFO encounters from 
       a witness's past, with such memories having been long forgotten or 
       never consciously realized.                                        
                                                                          
          As  is  the  case in parapsychology, reports of UFO's and their 
       presumed  occupants  are  subject to the same types of criticisms. 
       Although   clearly   the   experiences  exist  from  a  subjective 
       standpoint,  no  hard  "evidence"  has  been  accepted  as such to 
       indicate  any  sort of objective reality. Skeptics have pointed to 
       various  influences  for  the types of experiences reported, among 
       them,  misperception,  misinterpreted  normal events, imagination, 
       auto-suggestion,  both  conscious  and unconscious fraud, and even 
       psychological  trauma  or illness. The utilization of hypnosis has 
       been  generally  deemed unreliable by skeptics, due in part to the 
       "suggestability  factor"  which  may  result in fabricated stories 
       originating  from  the UFO "victim". There is no doubt that in the 
       past,  many  reports  and photographs have been faked, and as with 
       parapsychology, this only complicates matters, making it that much 
       more difficult for science to take the issue seriously.            
                                                                          
          Since  the  1940's, when UFO's first became widely reported the 
       world  over,  it  has  been  the typical response of many national 
       governments to immediately downplay their importance by dismissing 
       such  reports as either fakes or misunderstood natural events, and 
       today  this still remains the subject of much controversy. In many 
       UFO  reports,  apparent  military  craft and helicopters have been 
       described.  In  addition,  mysterious  individuals  known as MIB's 
       ("Men In Black"),  who  are  said to drive all black, unregistered 
       automobiles,  and  who appear following a UFO event to question or 
       harrass  a  witness  have been noted on occasion. Their appearance 
       and  demeanor  might  suggest,  to  some,  undercover intelligence 
       personnel.                                                         
                                                                          
          UFO  groups  worldwide  contend  that  the large volume coupled 
       with  the  consistency  of reports seem to indicate that something 
       real  is  indeed  happening  to this effect, or at least much more 
       than  governments are willing to admit. In the United States, some 
       claim  to  have  witnessed  the military retrieval of crash-debris 
       and  the  dead  or  dying occupants of a UFO, while the government 
       steadfastly denies that such an event has taken place. Allegations 
       of  a  world-wide  cover-up  have  resulted, yet at the same time, 
       people  today continue to report their encounters with UFO's at an 
       increasing rate.                                                   
                                                                          
          Another mysterious event presumed to be UFO-related by some are 
       the the strange appearances of crop designs in agricultural fields 
       around  the  world,  with  most  activity  known  from  the  areas 
       surrounding  Stonehenge,  in  Great  Britain.  Crop  patterns,  or 
       "pictograms",  consist  of  flattened  patches of crop wherein the 
       stems  are  not broken, but merely bent horizontally to the ground 
       and interwoven with the stems of adjacent plants. Best viewed from 
       above, crop designs usually reveal a rotational symmetry about the 
       center  of  the  flattened  patch.  Theories  to  explain the crop 
       patterns  have  been  advanced,  among  them, animals, whirlwinds, 
       plasma  vortices,  and,  of  course, hoaxing. Despite these ideas, 
       known  hoaxes,  and a major debunking campaign or two, the mystery 
       of  the  pictograms  has, so far, managed to withstand the test of 
       time.  Because UFO's have been seen in the vicinity of a pictogram 
       either  before  or after one appears, they have been assigned as a 
       possible or probable cause by some.                                
                                                                          
          The last phenomenon that some feel may involve UFO's is that of 
       reported animal mutilations. Since the late 1960's to the present, 
       many  animals  have  been  found which have been apparently killed 
       by  an,  as  yet, undetermined means, and usually involve, but are 
       not  limited  to, animals found on ranches, such as horses, sheep, 
       goats,  pigs, and especially cattle. Certain organs appear to have 
       been  removed with surgical precision, resulting in neat incisions 
       and  limited blood loss, which has suggested the use of laser-type 
       instruments  to some. These same animals, however, are often found 
       almost  completely  drained  of  blood. As with crop patterns, UFO 
       activity  is  often  noted  wherever  there is a high incidence of 
       animal mutilations found.                                          
                                                                          
          Regardless  of  whatever  scientific  consensus  is  eventually 
       reached  regarding  parapsychology,  UFO's,  and  possible related 
       effects,  the  very  fact that such observable, modern-day enigmas 
       can  and  do  exist should strongly reinforce the genuine need for 
       systematic,  in-depth  inquiry  into  these subjects, so that true 
       causes  may  be  someday assigned, replacing the seemingly endless 
       speculation.  Then just maybe, perhaps, the denial, dismissal, and 
       ignorance will become a thing of the past.                         
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
                   Selected Books About Psi And Related Areas             
                                                                          
                                                                          
       Auerbach, Loyd. ESP, HAUNTINGS, AND POLTERGEISTS: A PARAPSYCHOL-   
          OGIST'S HANDBOOK. New York: Warner Books, 1986.                 
                                                                          
       Kreskin. SECRETS OF THE AMAZING KRESKIN: THE WORLD'S FOREMOST      
          MENTALIST REVEALS HOW YOU CAN EXPAND YOUR POWERS. Buffalo, NY:  
          Prometheus Books, 1991.                                         
                                                                          
       LaBerge, Stephen. LUCID DREAMING: THE POWER OF BEING AWAKE AND     
          AWARE IN YOUR DREAMS. New York: Ballantine Books, 1985.         
                                                                          
       Sherman, Harold. HOW TO MAKE ESP WORK FOR YOU. New York: Fawcett   
          Crest, 1964, 1988.                                              
                                                                          
       Sherman, Harold. YOUR MYSTERIOUS POWERS OF ESP. New York: Signet,  
          1969, 1988.                                                     
                                                                          
                  Selected Books About UFO's And Related Areas            
                                                                          
                                                                          
       Conroy, Ed. REPORT ON COMMUNION: AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION OF   
          AND COMMENTARY ON WHITLEY STRIEBER'S `COMMUNION'. New York:     
          William Morrow, 1989.                                           
                                                                          
       Fowler, Raymond E. THE WATCHERS: THE SECRET DESIGN BEHIND UFO      
          ABDUCTIONS. New York: Bantam Books, 1990.                       
                                                                          
       Good, Timothy. ABOVE TOP SECRET: THE WORLDWIDE UFO COVER-UP. New   
          York: William Morrow, 1988.                                     
                                                                          
       Noyes, Ralph, ed. THE CROP CIRCLE ENIGMA: GROUNDING THE            
          PHENOMENON IN SCIENCE, CULTURE, AND METAPHYSICS. Bath, UK:      
          Gateway Books, 1990.                                            
                                                                          
       Strieber, Whitley. TRANSFORMATION: THE BREAKTHROUGH. New York:     
          William Morrow/Beech Tree Books, 1988.                          
               Critical Books Of Psi, UFO's, And Other Phenomena          
                                                                          
                                                                          
       Alcock, James E. SCIENCE AND SUPERNATURE: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF  
          PARAPSYCHOLOGY. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1989.            
                                                                          
       Frazier, Kendrick, ed. SCIENCE CONFRONTS THE PARANORMAL. Buffalo,  
          NY: Prometheus Books, 1986.                                     
                                                                          
       Hansel, C.E.M. ESP AND PARAPSYCHOLOGY: A CRITICAL RE-EVALUATION.   
          Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1980.                            
                                                                          
       Klass, Philip J. UFO ABDUCTIONS: A DANGEROUS GAME. Buffalo, NY:    
          Prometheus Books, 1989.                                         
                                                                          
       Randi, James. FLIM FLAM!: THE TRUTH ABOUT UNICORNS, PARAPSYCHOLO-  
          GY, AND OTHER DELUSIONS. New York: Lippincott & Crowell, 1980.  
                                                                          
                                                                          
      

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     1.  Have  you  ever  seemingly  used clairvoyance to obtain information
     about something? If so, how was this information perceived?
    
    
    
     2.  Have  you  ever  felt  that some part of you left your body, or you
     felt to be at two places at the same time?
    
    
    
     3.  Have  you  ever  had  a  near-death  experience?  If  so,  what was
     perceived?
  

    
     4.  Have  you  ever had a dream or sudden feeling/image about something
     that   later  turned  out  to  be  true,  and  seemed  more  than  just
     coincidence?
   

    
     5.  While  fully awake, have you ever seen an apparition (or ghost)? If
     so, describe its appearance. Were there any witnesses?
    
    
    
     6.  Have you ever received thoughts from (or sent to) someone with whom
     you were not physically present?
    
    
     7.  Have  you  ever observed the independent movement or other physical
     behavior of objects which could not be logically explained?
    
    
    
     8.  Have  you  ever  witnesses an actual unidentified flying object, or
     UFO?  What  were  the  circumstances, and did others observe this? Were
     any  ordinary  possibilities considered for the sighting? (For example,
     aircraft,  meteor,  debris,  atmospheric  (weather) device, reflection,
     planet, etc.)
    
    
    
     9.  Do  you  feel  that  you have experienced a more involved "contact"
     with the "occupants" of UFO's at some time? If true, how so?
    
    
    
     10.  In  connection  with  possible  UFO activity, have you experienced
     other  bizarre  or odd happenings, such as electrical disturbances, the
     appearance  of  strange bodily scars or other markings, periods of time
     for  which  you  have a confused or little recollection, or anything as
     requested in 1 through 7 above?
    

    
     11.  Have  you  ever  witnessed unusual spheres of light (inches to few
     feet  in  diameter)  at  relatively close range and where no source was
     apparent?  What  were  the circumstances, and how did the lights appear 
     and behave?
    
     
     
     12.  Have  you  ever told others about any of the experiences which you
     may have related here? If so, how did they react?
    
    
    
     13.  What,  if  anything,  interests  you the most regarding any of the
     subject  matter  referred  to  in  the program documentation or in this
     questionnaire?
    
    
    
     14.  Do  you  generally  believe  in  the  existence  of  psi (psychic)
     abilities? 
    
   

     15.  Do  you  believe  that UFO's and the "alien visitation" phenomenon
     are objectively real?  
    
    
    
     16.  Do  you feel that governments, like that of the U.S., have covered
     up  information regarding UFO's in the past? Do you feel that incidents
     are still being handled in this manner today?
    
    
    
     17.  If you are generally skeptical about parapsychology and UFO's, how
     do you feel reports dealing with such issues can be explained?
    


     18.  Regarding  the  enigmatic  "crop  circles" and other designs which 
     have   appeared  in  the  agricultural  fields  of  Great  Britain  and 
     elsewhere,   what  do  you  suppose  could  be  responsible  for  their 
     formation? (Providing this one hasn't been solved when you read this.)



     19.  If  you  are  familiar with the puzzling animal (primarily cattle) 
     mutilation phenomenon that has been reported worldwide, do you have an
     opinion as to what could be causing this?


