  
  
  
  
                                GLOSSARY
  
  The following Pali words encompass concepts and levels of ideas for 
  which there are no adequate synonyms in English. The explanations of 
  these terms have been adapted from the //Buddhist Dictionary// by 
  Nyanatiloka Mahathera.
  
  //Anagami// -- The "Non-Returner" is a noble disciple on the 3rd stage 
       of holiness.
  
  //Anatta// -- "No-self," non-ego, egolessness, impersonality; "neither 
       within the bodily and mental phenomena of existence, nor outside 
       of them can be found anything that in the ultimate sense could be 
       regarded as a self-existing real ego-identity, soul or any other 
       abiding substance."
  
  //Anicca// -- "Impermanence," a basic feature of all conditioned 
       phenomena, be they material or mental, coarse or subtle, one's 
       own or external.
  
  //Anusaya// -- The seven "proclivities," inclinations or tendencies.
  
  //Arahat/Arahant// -- The Holy One. Through the extinction of all 
       cankers, he reaches already in this very life the deliverance of 
       the mind, the deliverance through wisdom, which is free from 
       cankers, and which he himself has understood and realized.
  
  //Ariya// -- Noble Ones. Noble Persons.
  
  //Avijja// -- Ignorance, nescience, unknowing, synonymous with 
       delusion, is the primary root of all evil and suffering in the 
       world, veiling man's mental eyes and preventing him from seeing 
       the true nature of things.
  
  //Bhavaraga// -- Craving for continued existence; one of the seven 
       tendencies.
  
  //Citta-viveka// -- Mental detachment, the inner detachment from 
       sensuous things.
  
  //Devas// -- Heavenly Beings, deities, celestials are beings who live 
       in happy worlds, but are not freed from the cycle of existence.
  
  //Dhamma// -- The liberating law discovered and proclaimed by the 
       Buddha, summed up in the Four Noble Truths.
  
  //Ditthi// -- View, belief, speculative opinion. If not qualified by 
       "right," it mostly refers to wrong and evil view or opinion.
  
  //Dukkha// -- (1) In common usage: "pain", painful feeling, which may 
       be bodily or mental.
         (2) In Buddhist usage as, e.g., in the Four Noble Truths: 
       suffering, ill, the unsatisfactory nature and general insecurity 
       of all conditioned phenomena.
  
  //Jhana// -- Meditative absorptions. Tranquillity meditation.
  
  //Kalyanamitta// -- Noble or good friend is called a senior monk who 
       is the mentor and friend of his pupil wishing for his welfare and 
       concerned with his progress, guiding his meditation; in 
       particular the meditation teacher.
  
  //Kamma/Karma// -- "Action" denotes the wholesome and unwholesome 
       volitions and their concomitant mental factors, causing rebirth 
       and shaping the character of beings and thereby their destiny. 
       The term does not signify the result of actions and most 
       certainly not the deterministic fate of man.
  
  //Kammatthana// -- lit.: "working-ground" (i.e. for meditation) is the 
       term for subjects of meditation.
  
  //Kaya-viveka// -- Bodily detachment, i.e. abiding in solitude free 
       from alluring sensuous objects.
  
  //Khandha// -- The five "groups", are called the five aspects in which 
       the Buddha has summed up all the physical and mental phenomena of 
       existence, and which appear to the ordinary man as his ego or 
       personality, to wit: body, feeling, perception, mental formations 
       and consciousness.
  
  //Lokiya// -- "Mundane," are all those states of consciousness and 
       mental factors arising in the worldling, as well as in the noble 
       one, which are not associated with the supermundane.
  
  //Lokuttara// -- "Supermundane," is a term for the four paths and four 
       fruitions.
  
  //Magga-phala// -- Path and fruit. First arises the 
       path-consciousness, immediately followed by "fruition," a moment 
       of supermundane awareness.
  
  //Mana// -- Conceit, pride, one of the ten fetters binding to 
       existence, also one of the underlying tendencies.
  
  //Mara// -- The Buddhist "tempter" figure, the personification of evil 
       and passions, of the totality of worldly existence and of death.
  
  //Metta// -- Loving-kindness, one of the four sublime emotions 
       (//brahma-vihara//)
  
  //Nibbana// -- lit. "Extinction," to cease blowing, to become 
       extinguished. Nibbana constitutes the highest and ultimate goal 
       of all Buddhist aspirations, i.e. absolute extinction of that 
       life-affirming will manifested as greed, hate and delusion and 
       clinging to existence, thereby the absolute deliverance from all 
       future rebirth.
  
  //Nivarana// -- "Hindrances," five qualities which are obstacles to 
       the mind and blind our mental vision, and obstruct concentration, 
       to wit: sensual desire, ill-will, sloth and torpor, restlessness 
       and worry, and skeptical doubt.
  
  //Papanca// -- "Proliferation," lit. "expansion, diffuseness," 
       detailed exposition, development, manifoldness, multiplicity, 
       differentiation.
  
  //Paticcasamuppada// -- "Dependent Origination" is the doctrine of the 
       conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena.
  
  //Puthujjana// -- lit. "one of the many folk," worldling, ordinary 
       man, anyone still possessed of all the ten fetters binding to the 
       round of rebirths.
  
  //Sacca// -- Truth, such as the "Four Noble Truths."
  
  //Sakadagami// -- The Once-Returner, having shed the five lower 
       fetters, reappears in the higher world to reach Nibbana.
  
  //Sakkaya-ditthi// -- Personality-belief is the first of the ten 
       fetters and is abandoned at stream-entry.
  
  //Samatha// -- Tranquillity, serenity, is a synonym of //samadhi// 
       (concentration).
  
  //Samsara// -- Round of rebirth, lit, "perpetual wandering," is a name 
       by which is designated the sea of life ever restlessly heaving up 
       and down.
  
  //Sangha// -- lit. Congregation, is the name for the community of 
       monks and nuns. As the third of the Three Gems and the Three 
       Refuges, it applies to the community of the Noble Ones.
  
  //Samvega// -- "The sources of emotion," or a sense of urgency.
  
  //Sankhara// -- Most general usage: formation. mental formations and 
       kamma formations. Sometimes: bodily functions or mental 
       functions. Also: anything formed.
  
  //Silabbataparamasa// -- Attachment to mere rules and rituals is the 
       third fetter and one of the four kinds of clinging. It disappears 
       on attaining to stream-entry.
  
  //Sotapatti// -- Stream-entry, the first attainment of becoming a 
       noble one.
  
  //Vicikiccha// -- Skeptical doubt is one of the five mental hindrances 
       and one of the three fetters, which disappears forever at 
       stream-entry.
  
  //Vipassana// -- Insight into the truth of the impermanence, suffering 
       and impersonality of all corporal and mental phenomena of 
       existence.
  
  //Yatha-bhuta nana-dassana// -- The knowledge and vision according to 
       reality, is one of eighteen chief kinds of insight.
  

                            * * * * * * * *
