

















                                         clX

                             The Clause Cross Referencer


                                          by

                                   Andrew McBurnie


                                     version 2.2,
                                     March, 1993.


                           copyright 1993, Andrew McBurnie.
                                 All rights reserved.
                  26 Chalder Street, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.



                               CompuServe : 100033,2346
                               UseNet: amcb@runx.oz.au





          Information in this  document is subject to change without  notice, and is not
            guaranteed to be a complete description of the clX program.







                                       CONTENTS


          What is clX?                                                    1

          Using clX                                                       5
               The clX Main Menu.                                         5
               Using Menu Items 1 and 2.                                  5
               Viewing the clX Report.                                    6
               Printing the clX Report.                                   7
               clX Main Menu: Other Menu Items.                           7
               Check-list of clX menu items that MUST be set up.          9
               Saving the clX Option Settings.                            9

          Explanation of the clX Report.                                 11

          clX Style Options                                              13
               Specify Annexure Banner.                                  13
               Specify Definition Section Number.                        14
               Specify Type of Quote Marks.                              14
               Specify Maximum Clause Number.                            15
               Specify Clause Format Used.                               16

          clX Processing Options                                         19
                                                                         19
               Ignore single character definitions.                      19
               Ignore Uncapitalised Definitions.                         20
               Set Ignore Character Option 1 & 2.
                                                                         20

          clX Reporting Options                                          21
               Produce Observations and Errors Only.                     21
               Produce a verbose report.                                 21
               Set report page width.                                    21
               Set report page length.                                   22
               Set printer control sequences.                            22

          Error Reporting Options                                        23

          Syntactic Issues                                               25
                                                                         25
               Identification of Clause Numbers.                         25
               Assembly of Clause Numbers.                               25
               Processing of Clause Number References.                   26
                                                                         26
               Processing of Document Attachments or Annexures.          26

          clX Error Messages                                             27
               Software Signature Check.                                 27
               Observation and Errors Report.                            28

          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





               Abnormal Termination Messages.                            29

          Technical Appendix                                             32
               Installation Notes.                                       32
               Operational Notes.                                        32
               Processing Notes.                                         34

          INDEX                                                     page 43













































                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie






                                      Chapter 1

                                     What is clX?


          The  Clause  Cross Referencer,  or "clX",  will  help you  in the
          drafting,  negotiation  and  redrafting  of  any  document  which
          contains numbered  paragraphs and internal references.   clX will
          analyse your  document, identifying clause or  paragraph numbers,
          and  listing references  in the  text to  these paragraphs.   The
          program  will also  attempt to  identify such  serious errors  as
          references to clause numbers that do not exist.

          A sample fragment from a typical report is set out below.



                    Clause '16.2.' has 9 references:
               7.9.e.iv.   7.9.e.v       16.3        16.3.f (2)  
               16.3.f.iv   16.4.         16.5.       16.6.



          In the above  fragment, you  are given a  list of clause  numbers
          which  contain  references  to  clause   16.2.    Note  that  the
          representation of clause numbers is 'normalised' so that dots are
          always   used  as  subclause  separators,  replacing  parentheses
          wherever they are used.  Clause 16.3(f) has two references.

          clX  will  identify  paragraph  numbers  whether  you  have  used
          automatic paragraph  numbering,  or  whether  you  have  manually
          entered your paragraph numbers.  All that is required is that you
          have specified  the character  numbering format, or  template, to
          clX using the menu options available.

          In many  drafting styles, clauses are not  labelled with complete
          clause  numbers.  For example,  a clause labelled  only as "(c)",
          might be part  of clause 6.2,  and therefore its  full number  is
          6.2(c).  Even though  lower level paragraph numbers do  not carry
          the  full  clause  number, such  as  one  like  6.2(c), clX  will
          assemble the full clause number for cross reference purposes.

          The Clause Cross Referencer  will expand clause number references
          so  that all  the  clauses within  the  range are  identified  as
          referents.  For example, if a phrase such as "clauses 7.3 through
          7.9" occurs  in some  clause 3.1,  then 3.1 will  be listed  as a
          reference against 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8 and 7.9.

          The  clX  program  actually tries  to  follow  the  text of  your
          document,  using natural  language  processing technology.   Some
          techniques used by clX are more akin to the way  humans read text

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          2                                                                                                                               clX description

          than  the  usual way  computer process  text,  in that  "rules of
          thumb",  or  "heuristic"  methods  are employed  to  extract  the
          required information.  This is because natural language  is never
          completely consistent, and judgement is required to interpret it.

          (Because  of  ambiguities  and   irregularities  in  the  English
          language, and the  range of drafting styles which may  be used by
          authors, the extraction of relevant data by clX is not guaranteed
          to be either complete, or accurate.)

          You  control  the way  clX processes  your  documents by  using a
          "control panel",  a system of  menu screen displays  which appear
          when you  start the program.   Using  the control panel,  you can
          specify  to  clX relevant  details  of your  drafting  style, for
          example, your method of clause numbering.  You can prevent clause
          sequence error messages from appearing.

          In summary,  The Clause Cross Referencer  is able to help  you in
          the contract drafting, negotiation  and redrafting process in the
          following ways:

          1.   by  identifying  clauses  or  definitions  that contain
               references to non-existent clauses;

          2.   by  picking  out  apparent clause  sequence  errors, or
               omitted clauses;

          3.   by  allowing  you to  quickly  locate  references to  a
               particular clause which you wish to change.



          Administrative Matters.


          You may  use clX  for a free  30 day trial  period.   During that
          period,  you  are  strongly  advised to  carefully  evaluate  its
          capabilities  against your  particular  drafting style.   If  you
          continue  to use  clX after  the  30 day  trial  period, you  are
          required to  obtain a license.   The licence fee is  based on $US
          125  per user, with volume  discounts.  Licence  details and fees
          may  be found  in  the accompanying  file,  "CLXREGIS.TXT".   The
          contents of  that file  are also reproduced  at the  end of  this
          manual.  The licensor of clX is Generic Software Pty Ltd (ACN 054
          834 196), a proprietary company registered in Australia.

          Send discettes containing problem  documents to the address given
          at the front of this manual.



          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX description                                                   3

          For Lawyers: 

          For lawyers,  a  new  program  called, "cX,  the  Contract  Cross
          Referencer", is now available.   cX offers all the  facilities of
          clX, plus  the ability  to cross reference  contract definitions,
          and also  to cross  reference contract annexures  or attachments.
          It produces three cross reference reports:   one for definitions,
          one for clauses and one for annexures/attachments.

          cX is  not  distributed as  shareware.   It  is  available for  a
          license fee based on $US220  per user, from the address  given at
          the  front of this manual.  Refer  to the file "CXADVERT.TXT" for
          further information and volume discount information.  

          clX users may upgrade to cX by paying the difference  between the
          clX price and the cX price, for the appropriate number of users.



































                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          4                                                                                                                               clX description




















































          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie








                                     Chapter Two

                                      Using clX


          Introduction.

          This chapter  tells you what you  need to know to be  able to run
          clX under normal circumstances, with no special settings.

          The  following chapters explain further clX  options which may be
          used to control reporting and cross referencing.

          Your systems  administrator will have installed  the clX software
          for   you  according   to  your  local   installation  standards.
          Technical instructions  about the installation of clX  are in the
          "Technical Appendix" section at the end of this manual.

          The clX Main Menu.

          To begin  a session with clX, simply type the command, 'CLX', and
          tap the 'return' or 'enter' key.  

          Following  display  of  the  clX logo,  copyright  and  licensing
          information, (during which various  set up procedures occur), the
          main clX menu will be displayed:


                  1.  Specify document for cross referencing
                  2.  Start Cross Referencing

                  3.  Set Drafting Style Options
                  4.  Set Processing Options
                  5.  Set Reporting Options
                  6.  Set Error Detection Options
                  _____________________________________________
                  Press 'Esc' or 'q' to QUIT clX,
                  or select one of the above
                  options by typing its number:



          Using Menu Items 1 and 2.

          Items 1 and 2 on this menu are the ones you will use most often. 

          On selecting  item 1, the clX  main menu will be  replaced with a
          message requesting  you to type in the name of the document to be


                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          6                                                                                                                                          Using clX

          processed -  that is, the PC DOS name under which the document is
          stored.  

          If the document to be processed is not in the  current directory,
          you must type in a full PC DOS path name.

          clX  will first check that  the document specified  can be found,
          and will  then give you the  name of the listing  file into which
          the cross reference report will be written.  This  file will have
          the same name as the one you entered, but with the suffix ".LST".

          If you specified a  document in another directory, (that  is, you
          typed    a   path    name    something    like,   for    example,
          "\banking\overseas\binvest.doc"),  then the  report file  will be
          placed back in that directory.

          If you do not  agree with proposed name (and  directory location)
          for  the report  file,  you  may  edit  the  output  report  name
          yourself.   clX will  give a warning  message if the  name of the
          report file which you enter conflicts with an existing file.  clX
          won't let you enter a report file  name which is the same as  the
          document you specified for cross referencing.

          After you  have specified the name  of the file to  be processed,
          the main menu will appear  again.  You will now see  the document
          name that you entered displayed against menu item 2.  For example
          if you specified the document name, "binvest.doc", then menu item
          2 will read, 'Start Cross Referencing binvest.doc'.

          If you  change your  mind at  this point, and  wish to  specify a
          different  document for  processing,  simply select  menu item  1
          again.  Otherwise you  can now select  menu item 2, "Start  Cross
          Referencing ...", for processing to begin.

          If you  select menu item 2  without having entered the  name of a
          document for processing, an error message will appear.

          While cross referencing is proceeding, the  menu will be replaced
          by a  display showing the  current reference  and referent  being
          processed, and the amount of memory remaining.

          If, while  cross referencing is  proceeding, you decide  that you
          wish to halt processing, you should be able to accomplish this by
          simultaneously  pressing  the  'control'  and 'c'  keys,  or  the
          'control' and 'break' keys.  On many keyboards, the 'control' key
          is labelled, "Ctrl".

          Viewing the clX Report.



          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          Using clX                                                        7

          When cross  referencing is  completed, the "REPORT  VIEWING" menu
          will appear, shown below.  If you select item 1 on this menu, the
          clX report will be displayed on the screen for you to browse.  


                  1.  Browse Report
                  2.  Print Report
                  _____________________________________________
                  Press 'Esc' or 'q' to QUIT clX,
                  or select one of the above
                  options by typing its number:


          For browsing, use the Page  Down, Page Up and up/down arrow  keys
          to scroll through the clX report listing.  

          The 'Home' key will always take you to the top of the report.

          The  'End' key  will  cause the  report  to be  scrolled  rapidly
          forward;  just  tap any key to  halt it.  This  is just a way  of
          moving quickly through the report.

          As with the menus, the 'Esc' or  'q' key will return you from the
          clX browser to the clX menu system.

          The clX  browser contains its own help  screen.  This help screen
          will appear  any time  you tap  a key that  the browser  does not
          recognise.

          Printing the clX Report.

          The  "REPORT  VIEWING"  Menu item  2  will  print  the clX  cross
          reference report.

          Your systems  administrator will have arranged for  the report to
          be directed to the appropriate printer.

          clX Main Menu: Other Menu Items.

          The remaining items on the menu are used to set up the normal way
          clX is to be used in your organisation, by specifying elements of
          your drafting style,  and the way in which clX  is to process and
          report upon your documents.  

          You may also wish  to make temporary changes  to your normal  clX
          setup.    For example,  you may  want  to temporarily  change the
          reporting  options to  produce  only an  errors and  observations
          report.

          Subsequent chapters explain these menu items in more detail.

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          8                                                                                                                                          Using clX




















































          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          Using clX                                                        9


          Check-list of clX menu items that MUST be set up.

          The following  parameters, from the Drafting  Style Options menu,
          must  be set to values  appropriate to your  documents before clX
          will produce useful results.

               Annexure Banner.  

               Type of Quote Marks.

               Maximum Clause Number.

               Clause Format used.   (absolutely vital)

          For  explanations of all the  above, refer to  the details of the
          "Style Options" menu in Chapter 4.  

          Also, if  your documents have  special markup characters  such as
          asterisks or hash signs, refer in Chapter 5 to the explanation of
          two available set up options which instruct clX to ignore certain
          characters  in your  documents.   Your mark  ups may  prevent clX
          correctly  identifying  some  clause  numbers.    This  sometimes
          happens  with  unspecialised  precedent  documents,  or  template
          documents.  (However, a basic assumption behind clX is that it is
          to  be  used to  process  'normal' documents,  not  precedent, or
          template  text,  which  may have  contain  all  kinds  of strange
          formats and characters, and numbered annotations or  instructions
          which will also look like clause numbers.)

          Saving the clX Option Settings.

          The options  you set up for  controlling clX are  only saved when
          you actually process  a document,  that is, select  the clX  main
          menu  option number  2, 'Start  Cross Referencing'.   Thereafter,
          they will appear as the default settings every  time you start up
          clX.  

          If,  however, you  change  some clX  options  and then  quit  clX
          without  actually  performing  a  cross  reference,  your  option
          settings  will  not be  saved, and  will  revert to  the original
          settings the next time you start up clX.

          Special Notes.

          clX makes  use of a special  parameter file which will  appear in
          your   work   area,  or   directory.     This   file   is  called
          "clx$$$$$.pam",  and should  not  be deleted.    It contains  the
          options needed to run clX according to your requirements.


                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          10                                                                                                                                         Using clX

          One  of  the areas  controlled by  the  clx$$$$$.pam file  is the
          format of the  clauses used in your documents.   Because clX does
          not assume any defaults  in this area, specification of  a clause
          format is a required item.  

          If a clause format has not been set up, clX will decline to begin
          cross  referencing.   You  need to  select item  5  on the  Style
          Options  menu to  be able  to proceed.  This  topic is covered in
          more detail in chapter four.










































          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie








                                    Chapter Three

                            Explanation of the clX Report.

          Introduction.

          This chapter explains the report produced by clX.  

          First, a word of caution.  We  are certain that clX is a valuable
          tool  that  will  perform  the  essentially  low  level  clerical
          exercise  of  cross  referencing  more  quickly, efficiently  and
          accurately than a human being can.  But the English language is a
          baroque medium, and drafting styles are incredibly varied.  

          It is  therefore  likely that  there will  always be  syntactical
          forms which clX has not come across.  You should  not assume that
          the report will always contain all the references and errors that
          exist  in a  document.   (License  purchasers  receive 12  months
          support,  during  which  omissions  may  be able  to  be  fixed.)
          Ultimately,  the clX  report complements  your own  expertise and
          knowledge of your text;  it do not replace it.

          The clX Report.

          A clX report contains two sections:

          - an Observations  and Errors  section.  This  contains notes  on
          apparent clause  sequence errors  and references  to non-existent
          targets.  

          -  A  Clauses  Cross Reference.    For each  clause  and  all its
          subclauses,  all  other  clauses  and definitions  which  can  be
          identified as referring to that clause are listed.


          Each item in  a cross  reference section starts  with the  clause
          number being  cross referenced,  followed by all  the references.
          (Refer to the example in Chapter 1.)

          Any  reference to  "clause 0"  in the  report actually  refers to
          anything  that occurs before clause 1.  This means material right
          at  the  start  of the  document  - for  contracts,  the  list of
          parties, recitals and so on.

          For those drafting legal  documents, note that if you  number the
          parties to an agreement at the beginning of a document, or number
          the statements under a "Recitals" or "Whereas" heading,  clX will
          treat  these numbered items as  clause numbers if  they match the
          clause format you have  selected for processing.  This  may cause

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          12                                                   The clX Report

          some confusion  with the  'identical' clause numbers  that appear
          later.

          If you  see the name  of a  definition in a  list of  references,
          instead  of  a clause  number, this  means  that a  clause number
          reference is to be found in the body of the definition text.   If
          you  had subsidiary clause numbers in the text of the definition,
          these  will be appended to the definition title appearing in your
          clX  report, appearing following a '#'  mark.  This will serve to
          more  accurately  locate references  in  the  text of  a  lengthy
          definition.

          A  number in  parentheses after  a reference  is a  count of  the
          number of times a reference occurred.

          A  number following  an '@'  sign on a  reference means  that the
          reference occurs in the indicated attachment, or annexure.  Refer
          back to the  Observations and Errors section, and you  will see a
          message   indicating  the  particular   contract  attachment,  or
          annexure, which clX has  assigned to the number that  follows the
          '@' symbol.

          The  phrase  '[no clause]'  used in  a  reference means  that the
          reference  occurred at  a  location where  there  was no  current
          clause  number.    This  often  happens  in annexures,  and  will
          therefore  usually   be   associated  with   an  '@'   indicator.
          References  to clause 0, mentioned  above, are a  special case of
          '[no clause]'.

          An  asterisk, '*',  in  front of  a  reference signals  that  the
          reference occurred in  the definition section of a  contract, but
          there was  no current  definition text.   The definition  section
          number  is  usually  substituted.    This  sometimes  happens  in
          attachments to a  contract, when  a clause number  is used  which
          happens  to  be  the  same  clause number  as  is  used  for  the
          definitions section in the main document.

          The  following are  examples of  the more  complicated references
          which could occur:

               5.1@2 (4) -- Four references by clause 5.1 in annexure 2.

               *[no clause]@2 (3) - There are three  references in annexure
               2, they should have  been in a definition, but  weren't, and
               there wasn't a clause number either ... which all means that
               annexure 2 contains text but only one clause number.





          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                     Chapter Four

                                  clX Style Options

          Introduction.

          This chapter explains  how to specify  elements of your  drafting
          style for clX.   The menu described is reached via  item 3 of the
          clX main menu.

          On selection of the  Style Options menu, the following  menu will
          appear:

                  1.  Specify Annexure Banner(s).
                  2.  Specify Definition Section Number.
                  3.  Specify Type of Quote marks.
                  4.  Specify Maximum Clause Number.
                  5.  Specify Clause format used.
                  ______________________________________________
                  Press 'Esc' or 'q' to return to the Main Menu,
                  or select one of the above
                  options by typing its number:

          On  the Style  Options menu  as  actually displayed,  the current
          settings for  each option  will be  displayed against each  line.
          These will either be  options which you have chosen,  or defaults
          which were saved from the previous cross referencing session.

          Specify Annexure Banner.

          On selecting this item, a menu will be displayed which allows you
          to enter  the names of  up to two  types of contract  annexure or
          attachment, eg, "Schedule", "Exhibit", "Annexure" are examples of
          attachments headings which you might need to specify here.

          An annexure or attachments banner is used to specify the name you
          apply  to  attachments  or  annexures  in  the  document  to   be
          processed.    For  example,   if  your  attachments  are  headed,
          "SCHEDULE A",  "SCHEDULE B", and so on,  then the name you should
          enter  for  this  option  would  be  'SCHEDULE'.    This  is  the
          'attachment banner' in this instance. 

          clX looks for  attachments like "SCHEDULE  A" immediately at  the
          start of a new paragraph - whether it is centred or  not does not
          matter.  Upper or lower case banners will be accepted.

          If you have attachments/annexures  at the end of a  document, and
          clX  does not  detect them,  perhaps due  to an  incorrect banner
          specification, any  clause  number references  they contain  will
          still  be  identified  and   cross  referenced.    However,  this
          information  will not be distinguished  from that of  the body of
          the document.  For example, a reference, say, to clause 4.3 which

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          14                                                 clX Style Options

          appears in clause 1 of  an attachment will just be reported  as a
          reference by clause 1, not "clause 1@2".

          Note that if  you use a  layout style for annexure  headings that
          spaces out the letters, then clX will be unable to pick them out.
          For example, a heading like "A  N  N  E  X  U  R  E"  will not be
          correctly identified.  Only "ANNEXURE" will be seen by clX.

          Specify Definition Section Number.

          This item is probably only applicable if you are drafting a legal
          contract.  

          On selecting this item, a message will be displayed asking you to
          type in a particular clause number.  Use this item to specify the
          clause  number of  the  section that  contains your  interpretive
          provisions, or definitions.  

          What you enter here should be a number which is the top level  of
          your clause  formatting sequence.   For example,  in 2.1(a)(iii),
          the  top level number is '2'.   You should not  type in '2.1', or
          '2.1(a)', etc.

          The main  use of  this entry is  to allow  clX to produce  a more
          helpful  cross  reference  report.   References  found  inside  a
          section nominated as  the definitions section  will cause clX  to
          use the title of the current definition as the reference, instead
          of the current clause number.

          This  is quite important, because if  your definitions section is
          large,  and  you  have  many  references  in  the  text  of  your
          definitions,  you will be able to pin-point them much more easily
          if  the definition  title is  used by  clX  than just  the clause
          number of the definition section, (typically  clause 1).

          Specify Type of Quote Marks.

          On selecting this item, a message will be displayed asking you to
          choose  the type  of quote  marks you  normally use  to delineate
          definition titles.  That is, double quotes -"- or single quotes -
          ` and '.

          If you process a document  in which the quote marks do  not match
          the type specified by  this option, then definitions will  not be
          identified.

          If  you do not  delimit the titles  of your  definitions in quote
          marks, but bold or  italicise them, then, for Word  Perfect users
          only,  a special  version  of clX  can  be supplied  on  request.
          However, be warned, it will not perform nearly as well in picking

          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX Style Options                                                 15

          out definitions.  This  is because w/p users sometimes  mark text
          for bolding or  other character attributes  in strange ways,  eg,
          the words "Force Majeur", might actually be:

                [BOLD]Force M[bold][BOLD]ajeur[bold][BOLD[bold].  

          clX is just not clever enough to handle all possibilities in this
          area, though it will try.

          Specify Maximum Clause Number.

          On selecting this item, a message will be displayed asking you to
          type  in a particular clause  number.  Once  Clause numbers which
          are higher than the clause number you specify here are found, clX
          will  regard this  as the end  of the  document.   Clause numbers
          higher than the maximum clause number will not be recognised, and
          contract attachments will be ignored.  

          Again, what you enter for this option should be a number from the
          top  level of your clause  formatting sequence.   For example, in
          30.1(a)(iii), the top level number is '30'.  

          A  number,  that is  digits, should  always  be entered  for this
          option.

          In  order  for a  maximum  clause number  to  have the  effect of
          terminating a  clX pass, there  must be no  sequence errors.   In
          particular, a maximum clause number,  if detected, will only halt
          processing if it  is one  greater than  the immediately  previous
          clause number.

          You  may use  the maximum  clause number  option to  restrict clX
          processing to  the early part of  a document.   However, there is
          another  use which clX makes of the maximum clause number option.
          This  second use  of the  maximum clause  number option  is as  a
          simple  way of preventing clX from mistaking some types of number
          as clauses, a common example being street numbers.   

          The  number you  enter for  this option  should therefore  be the
          highest  clause  number  likely  to  be  used  by  most  of  your
          documents.    However,   it  is  important  that  the  number  is
          realistic, and  not set too  high.  As  suggested above,  you may
          need  to change  this option  from document  to document  in some
          circumstances.

          The maximum  clause number concept  refers only to  the principal
          document, not to attachments.  

          If you  have a table of  contents at the front  of your document,
          the maximum  clause number  option could  cause clX to  terminate

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          16                                                 clX Style Options

          while reading the  contents table, on the  entry that corresponds
          to  the  maximum clause  number.   Normally, however,  clX should
          detect content tables.

          Specify Clause Format Used.

          On selecting this item, a list of different clause format options
          will  be  displayed, from  which a  choice should  be made.   You
          should  choose  the   clause  formatting  option,   or  template,
          corresponding to the drafting  style that you require.   The menu
          options appear as follows:

                  A.    1.1(a)(i)(A)(I)
                  B.    1.1.1.1.1.1
                  C.    1(a)(i)(A)(I)
                  D.    A.1.1(a)(1)(A)
                  E.    1.1(a)(1)(A)
                  F.    1A.(1)(a1)(i)  

          The menu items  are labelled  'A' through to  'F' for  selection.
          The  'pseudo clauses' which appear against 'A' through 'F' in the
          list  of menu items are patterns, or templates, which describe in
          a  precise manner  a particular  clause number  formatting style.
          Each letter or  number indicates  the type of  a particular  sub-
          clause, as follows:

            1 - a sequence of Arabic digits, ie 0 to 9.
            a - a sequence of lower case letters, ie a to z.
            A - a sequence of upper case letters, ie A to Z.
            i - a sequence of lower case Roman numerals.
            I - a sequence of upper case Roman numerals.

          The  symbols used to separate a subclause appear in the patterns.
          For example in "1.1", the dot indicates that clX will look for an
          actual dot to separate the two subclauses.  In "1.1(a) ... ", the
          left and right parentheses are the symbols which  clX will use to
          separate the next subclauses, and so on. 

          For example,  in format  option 'A', which  is "1.1(a)(i)(A)(I)",
          clX will  recognise  clause numbers  such  as:   23.2,  11.16(a),
          5.4(c)(i), and  so on.   Further,  clX will recognise  individual
          subclauses when they appear on  separate paragraphs, and put them
          together to assemble the full clause number for cross referencing
          purposes.  

          If you  do not see your  particular clause format in  the options
          displayed above, please contact the author.

          Normally, your usual clause  format would be a saved  option, and
          you will not  have to use  this menu item.   However, should  you

          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX Style Options                                                 17

          change  it to  process a  particular document,  perhaps one  from
          another organisation  which has  a different drafting  style, you
          should  remember  to  change  it  back  again  for   your  normal
          documents.

          The selection of  a clause format option that does not match that
          of  the document being processed  may cause clX  to generate many
          spurious error messages.  

          If you accidentally specify  a clause format that does  not match
          the clause formatting  actually used,  clX may  detect this,  and
          will halt in the early stages of processing to ask if you wish to
          continue.  The analysis  clX does to decide whether  an incorrect
          clause format  may have  been selected  is an intelligent  guess.
          There is a  possibility that clX  may not detect  that the  wrong
          format has been selected, or may halt with this query even though
          you have not made an error.

          Note that documents that  contain more than one method  of clause
          formatting  will  cause  clX  to produce  incomplete  and/or  odd
          results.  






























                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          18                                                 clX Style Options




















































          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                     Chapter Five

                                clX Processing Options

          Introduction.

          This  chapter explains how to  prevent clX from becoming confused
          by markup characters,  primarily those that are  likely to appear
          directly against clause numbers, and also to fine tune the manner
          in which definitions are  used in contracts.  The  menu described
          is reached via item 4 of the clX main menu.

          On selection of the  Processing Options menu, the  following menu
          will appear:

                  1.  Ignore single character definitions.
                  2.  Ignore uncapitalised definitions.
                  3.  Set Ignore Character Option 1.
                  4.  Set Ignore Character Option 2.
                  ______________________________________________
                  Press 'Esc' or 'q' to return to the Main Menu,
                  or select one of the above
                  options by typing its number:

          On  the Processing Options menu  that you actually see displayed,
          the current  settings for each  option will be  displayed against
          each  line.  These  will either  be options  you have  chosen, or
          defaults  that were  saved  from the  previous cross  referencing
          session.

          Ignore single character definitions.

          This  feature allows you to fine tune the references which appear
          in the clX report for maximum relevance.  Sometimes you may  find
          that 'definitions'  such as  "A", "B"  or "X" and  "Y" are  being
          picked up  by clX.   A  single character  enclosed in quotes  may
          often be meaningless and should not be taken as definition title.
          They typically result from explanations of terms in formula.  For
          example:

               (X - Y) / X

               "X" means ...
               "Y" means ...

          These  may well not be true definitions, defined globally for the
          entire document,  but 'local' definitions, which  may appear more
          than once in different types  of formula scattered throughout the
          document.  The 'scope' of their meaning is confined to  that of a
          single clause or definition.



                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          20                                             clX Processing Options

          The 'Ignore single  character...' menu option allows  you to stop
          the appearance of such entries.

          The default setting for this option is Yes.

          Ignore Uncapitalised Definitions.

          This  feature allows you to fine tune the references which appear
          in your clX report for maximum relevance.  

          The text of  a definition  titled, "The System"  could happen  to
          contain minor quoted material which should not itself  be treated
          as a definition title.  Its acceptance by clX would result in any
          references  between  it  and  the  next  definition  title  being
          ascribed to it,  and not to "The System".   This feature has been
          added for those drafting legal contracts.

          Set Ignore Character Option 1 & 2.

          Occasionally,  some documents  contain  special  characters  that
          prevent the  correct identification  of clause numbers  and other
          important syntactic components, if concatenated with them.  These
          options  give you  the chance to  tell clX  to by-pass  up to two
          particular characters before syntactic analysis.  If you specify,
          for example, that the character # is to be ignored, the effect is
          as  if  you had  used  a word  processing  program to  delete all
          occurrences of # from  the document, prior to running  it through
          clX, (although clX does not alter a document it reads).

          You should make  use of  this feature  if you  have used  special
          markup  characters  against clause  numbers, since  otherwise clX
          will be unable to identify them.

          NOTE :   you  should not  'ignore' characters  which are used  as
          delimiters in clause numbers, eg, ., (, ).  

          The default settings for these options are "[" and "*".














          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX Processing Options                                             21


                                     Chapter Six

                                clX Reporting Options

          Introduction.

          This  chapter  explains  how  to  control  the  way  clX produces
          reports.   The menu described  is reached via  item 5 of  the clX
          main menu.

          Item 5, Report Options.

          On selection of item 5 of the main menu, the  following menu will
          appear:

                  1.  Produce Observations and Errors only.
                  2.  Produce a verbose report.
                  3.  Set report page width.
                  4.  Set report page length.
                  5.  Set printer control sequences.
                  ______________________________________________
                  Press 'Esc' or 'q' to return to the Main Menu,
                  or select one of the above
                  options by typing its number:


          As it actually  appears on the screen,  the above menu  will also
          show the current settings for each item.

          Produce Observations and Errors Only.

          This option allows you  to prevent clX printing the  clause cross
          reference.    Cross  referencing  still  happens,  but  only  the
          Observations and Errors report is produced.

          Produce a verbose report.

          This option should  normally be left set as NO.   If selected, it
          will produce  a lengthy  Observations and Errors  report, listing
          every clause and definition found in the document.

          You  may very occasionally  need to use  this option to  see more
          clearly how clX has interpreted a document.

          Set report page width.

          Select  this option to specify  the page width  in characters for
          the clX report.


                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          Set report page length.

          Select this option to specify in lines the page length of the clX
          report.

          Set printer control sequences.

          This option is used to control  the way in which your clX reports
          are printed.   It will  normally have  been set for  you by  your
          systems administrator.

          The option prompts to enter two lines of up to eighty  characters
          of special  text.  The first will be sent  to your printer to put
          it into an appropriate mode for printing your clX report, and the
          second to set it back to your normal mode.  

          One common use  of this facility would be to  set your printer to
          use non-proportional text, to  prevent distortion of the columnar
          clX report layout.

          Refer  to the Technical Appendix of this manual for more detailed
          instructions  on  the use  of  printer control  sequences.   This
          option is intended for technical support personnel.






























          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX Reporting Options                                             23

                                    Chapter Seven

                               Error Reporting Options

          Introduction.

          This chapter explains how to prevent clX  reporting clause number
          sequence errors.  The  menu described is reached via menu  item 5
          of the clX main menu.

          Item 5, Error Reporting Options.

          On selection, this option will display the following:

                 Report clause sequence problems? [Y/N] :



                 Report Clause sequence errors:  Currently YES


          Normally this  option is set to "YES".  Respond "N" if you do not
          wish clause sequence errors to be reported.   




























                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie


























































          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                    Chapter Eight

                                   Syntactic Issues

          Introduction.

          The purpose of this  chapter is to outline some  major processing
          techniques  used by  clX,  and to  indicate  some clX  processing
          limitations.

          Processing of Definitions.

          clX identifies  a definition name anywhere in a document if it is
          enclosed in quotes, and is also associated with certain syntactic
          structures that match the internal rule base of clX. 

          Identification of Clause Numbers.

          At the end of every paragraph in a document, clX will examine the
          first few characters of the next  paragraph to decide if a clause
          number is present.  

          Any sequence  of characters immediately  following the  end of  a
          paragraph  which, according to  the template supplied  by the clX
          control panel, is  syntactically a valid  clause number, will  be
          accepted  as  a  clause  number  unless  certain  other  adjacent
          syntactic structures suggest that it is not.  

          This  means that there is a possibility that some things that are
          not clause  numbers, but  happen to occur  at the beginning  of a
          paragraph, could  be identified by clX  as a clause number.   clX
          will be able to distinguish most of these cases correctly.  

          clX is  unable  to  distinguish numbered  lists  of  things  from
          clauses.  Eg, in the phrase,

                "... shall be the aggregate of 

               (i) <something>, 
               (ii) <something else>."

          the roman  numerals are just  being used  to enumerate a  list of
          things,  not  to number  some clauses.   (This  is regarded  as a
          somewhat intractable problem.)

          Assembly of Clause Numbers.

          If you  make use of Roman  numerals in your drafting  style, note
          that the paragraph numbering sequence: ' ... (h)  ... (i)' can be
          ambiguous.  clX may interpret the '(i)' as an alphabetic 'i', not
          the Roman  numeral 'one'.  If it happens at all, this should only
          happen in references, not paragraph numbers.

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          26                                                  Syntactic Issues

          Similar  comments apply to the clause number sequences, ' ... (k)
          ... (l)' and '... (u) ... (v)'

          This could result in some erroneous non-existent clause reference
          messages.

          Processing of Clause Number References.

          Multiple letter subclause numbers:

          Multiple letters in  subclause numbers, such  as (aa), (ab),  are
          supported, but  may  generate erroneous  clause  sequence  number
          error messages. 

          Roman Numerals:

          Only  roman  numerals up  to 99  are  supported in  clause number
          references.  

          A limitation on the Detection of Clause Reference Errors:

          Although  clX  can  normally detect  references  to  non-existent
          clauses, it cannot  detect references to incorrect clauses.  That
          is,  clX is  unable to  see  that a  reference to  a clause  that
          actually exists is really a  reference to the wrong clause -  ie,
          the reference does not make any logical sense.

          Processing of Document Attachments or Annexures.

          In clX, the presence  of an attachment is tested  for immediately
          following the  end of a paragraph,  just as is the  presence of a
          new clause number. 

          If an attachment is to be recognised, it must have a banner which
          matches  the  option selected  from the  clX  menu system.   (For
          example, in  "Schedule B", the  banner is the  word, 'Schedule'.)
          The  attachment name itself, that  is the title  that follows the
          attachment banner, is expected to be a single word.  

          Any attachments found will  be displayed in a comment  message in
          the Observations and Errors Report, assigning to each a reference
          number to   be used in the cross reference  report.  For example,
          references  contained  in ANNEXURE  "A",  will  appear with  '@1'
          against them.







          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                     Chapter Nine

                                  clX Error Messages

          Introduction.

          The purpose of this chapter is to explain the meaning of selected
          messages, whose origin may  lie in an operational issue  or semi-
          technical problem.  This chapter does not contain a complete list
          of all the clX messages.

          If error messages are produced that do not appear to be  correct,
          registered users may send details to the Author, attaching a copy
          of the document which clX has apparently failed to process, for a
          period of twelve months from the date of license payment receipt.
          All documents  must be supplied  on diskette, not just in printed
          form.  The English language is infinite, and computers are finite
          devices.   There is no  guarantee that the  problem can be fixed,
          but reasonable efforts will be made to address the problem.  

          Many  of  the messages  described  below  have several  different
          forms.    The descriptions  show these  variants in  a particular
          notation which uses text enclosed in angle brackets, for example,
          <clause number>,  and  text enclosed  in  braces, for  example  {
          <clause number> | <definition> }.

          Something like <clause number> should be read to mean that in the
          actual message which appears on the clX report, the <  ... > will
          be replaced by a real clause number.

          Something like, {  <clause number> |  <definition> }, means  that
          two alternatives may  actually appear  in the message.   In  this
          example, there may be either a <clause number> or a <definition>,
          but not both.  The | symbol separates the alternatives.

          Software Signature Check.

          On opening a w/p  document for processing, clX first  checks that
          the  w/p  software manufacturer's  signature  information in  the
          header matches the type of document for which it is configured to
          process.   Warning  notes  may appear  at  the beginning  of  the
          Observations and Errors report if the version number is wrong.  

          For the 2.2 Word Perfect version of clX, these messages are:

               "*** Warning, specified file contains an internal code which
               indicates  that one  of  Word Perfect's  other products  has
               created it - it may not be a w/p file."

               "***  Warning,  specified  file  was  not  created  by  Word
               Perfect, version 5.1 or 5.2"


                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          28                                                clX Error Messages

          If the correct signature information cannot be found at all, then
          clX will decline to process the  document, and return to the main
          menu to display the following message:

               "Not a Word Perfect version 5.'n' document"

                                 or

               "Not a recognised MS Word document"

          Observation and Errors Report.

          This section explains the main error messages which may appear in
          the Observations and Errors report:

               " *** ERROR: {  <clause number> | <definition> }  contains a
               reference to a  non-existent clause  - <non-existent  clause
               number>."

          This message warns you that a reference appears to have been made
          to a  clause number in the  text of the document,  but the clause
          number cannot be found in the document.

          If this message appears, but you  think it is wrong, refer to the
          section headed  'Processing of  Clause Number References'  in the
          Chapter on "Syntactic Issues", where you may find some indication
          of the reasons for its appearance.  

          This non-existent clause  number message may  be followed by  the
          qualifying statement, "( *** Above may be a reference to a clause
          in another document.")



               " *** ERROR: {  <clause number> | <definition> }  contains a
               reference to a non-existent clause  at the top of a range  -
               <non-existent clause number>"

          This is the same type of error as described previously.  The only
          difference is  that it has been  found in a phrase  such as, "...
          clauses  3.6 through 3.9...", and means that clause 3.9 could not
          be found.



               "{  <clause number>  | <definition>  } ***  lower and  upper
               clause references are equal - <low clause>, <high clause>."




          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX Error Messages                                                29

          This  error message  warns you  that in  a phrase  such  as, "...
          clauses 3.6 through  3.6 ..." the low clause and  the high clause
          are the same.



               "{ <clause  number>  | <definition>  } ***  upper clause  of
               range is less than lower - <low clause>, <high clause>"

          This  error message  warns you  that  in a  phrase such  as, "...
          clauses  3.6(c) through 3.6(a) ...", the high clause is less than
          the low clause.



               "***  Invalid  clause  reference  at "{  <clause  number>  |
               <definition> }" 

          This error message warns you that a  clause reference in the body
          of  your text did not match  the clause format template which you
          specified using the Style Options menu.



               "**** Pass 2, RefLst is full - "
               " *** <clause number> - is too long"

          The number of characters being assembled into a clause number was
          so  many  that an  internal storage  array was  insufficient, and
          processing of the clause was abandoned.



               "**** CRASH - too  may subclauses in a list of references at
               clause <clause number>"

          This  error message occurs when  an internal limit  within clX is
          exceeded.  It means that a list of subclause references was being
          processed, eg,  something like, "clauses  (a), (b), (c)  ... etc"
          and that there were too many subclauses in this list.  Currently,
          this internal limit is set to fifty.

          Abnormal Termination Messages.

          The following  messages appear only when something has gone badly
          wrong inside the clX program.  


               " ***  ... came to default case in parser"


                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          30                                                clX Error Messages

          Refer the above message to the Author.


               "clXfinishStatus() called with null message"

          Refer this message to the Author.



               "can't find control panel"

          clX  was unable  to  open the  clx$$$$$.pam"  file.   Refer  this
          message to your systems administrator.



               "unexpected EOF while looking for parameter banner"
               "unexpected EOF while reading clause format specifier"
               "unexpected EOF while reading QuoteType"
               "unexpected EOF while reading switch"
               "invalid clause format specifier"
               "level too high in clause format specifier"
               "invalid subclause type specifier"
               "invalid RNULLAllowed switch"
               "invalid definition section specifier"
               "invalid Quote Type specifier"

          All the above mean  either that the clx$$$$$.pam file  has become
          corrupted, or that clX itself has been incorrectly configured.



               "No input file specified"
               "No output file specified"
               "Output file has same name as input"
               "can't create clX listing file"
               "too many parameters"
               "clX control panel load failed"
               "**failed to write control panel!**"
               "** can't find clXback executable **"
               "clX config problem... rule base image lost"
               "rulebase ... clX internal config problem"
               "clX rulebase image ..."
               " -- can't find clXfront executable"

          All the above will  be caused by some configuration  problem with
          clX, or just possibly running out of disk space.




          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX Error Messages                                                31

               "no <board name> driver"
               "no <font name>"
               "no graphics"

          Any  of  the above  may suggest  some  hardware problem  with the
          workstation, or that clX has been incorrectly configured for you.


               "avlTree - not enough memory"
               "dynMem - not enough memory"
               "dList - not enough memory"
               "Ran out of memory"

          A  very large and complex document could  cause clX to run out of
          memory.   If this happens on a  large document, you could request
          your systems administrator to configure a special PC without your
          usual TSR's, network drivers, etc, to save space in  conventional
          memory.    If using  DOS  version  5,  make  sure you  take  full
          advantage of the "load High" capabilities.


          Finally,  the  following  termination messages  could  appear  if
          severe  internal processing problems occur.  They are part of the
          original debugging code for clX, and have been left enabled.  

               "stack overflow!"
               "dList - attempted to linkout from an empty list"
               "dList - attempted to get from empty list"
               "dList - attempted update of empty list"
               "avlTree - insert called with nullpointer"
               "avlTree - duplicate key during insert"

          The  possibility of  any of  these abnormal  termination messages
          occurring is remote.  

















                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie






                                  Technical Appendix

                          Installing clX; Operational Notes


          Introduction.

          This  appendix is intended to be used by a systems administrator.
          It  provides technical  information  about  the installation  and
          running of clX.

          Installation Notes.

          The Clause Cross Referencer  consists of four separate executable
          files, or .EXE files, which must all be copied on to your system.
          The executable  files are  clx.exe, clxovl1.exe,  clxovl2.exe and
          clxovl3.exe.   In  addition the  following text  files should  be
          present:  clxman.txt  (this   manual),  clxregis.txt   (important
          instructions  on  how  to  pay  the  author),  clxintro.txt,  and
          readme.txt, clxplans.txt, clxupd.txt.

          The clX program is not copy protected.  

          If  yours is a large computer installation, you will already have
          your  own standards  for  the location  of  software.   The  only
          requirement for clX is that  all the executable files must be  in
          the same directory, or on the same executable path.

          If  you are installing clX  on one or  more stand-alone machines,
          the most convenient  method of  installation may be  to create  a
          directory  called "CLX", and copy  the contents of  the clX files
          into it.   The name of  the directory which you  have created for
          clX  must  then   be  added   to  the  'path'   command  in   the
          'autoexec.bat' file of the root directory.

          There  are no  special set  up options  required at  the time  of
          installation.  The only task for installation is  to copy the clX
          executable files on  to your system, and  also the "clx$$$$$.pam"
          file, which should also be present.

          Operational Notes.

          The operation of  the clX  program is controlled  by a  parameter
          file called  "clx$$$$$.pam", which clX assumes  is always located
          in the current path.

          This clx$$$$$.pam file contains code sequences which specify such
          things as the format used for  clause sequencing, page dimensions
          for the clX  report, what type of errors are  to be detected, and
          other  items.   These  sequences are  generated  by the  clX menu
          system under the control of the user.  

          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          Technical Appendix                                                33

          New control parameters set up by the user are only written out to
          the  clx$$$$$.pam file when the user selects a document for cross
          referencing, and begins cross reference processing.

          If  a clx$$$$$.pam file is  not present in  the current directory
          when clX is started, then one  will be created based on  standard
          internal default settings, and the user will be invited to change
          them.  In particular, the user must select a clause format style,
          as clX has no internal defaults in this area.

          During  normal  operation, clX  will create  a  work file  in the
          current  directory called  "clx$$ret.pam".   This will  always be
          deleted by clX itself, and should not normally be seen.  The size
          of this file will never be larger than about fifty characters.

          The  cross reference report is  written to a  listing file in the
          current path of the same name as the input file,  with the suffix
          ".LST", or as nominated by the user.

          Following production of a listing file, clX will optionally print
          it to  the standard DOS  PRN: device, or  you can print  the file
          separately  using the DOS print  command.  The  listing file will
          contain  ordinary ascii  text, with  no control  characters other
          than  LF-CR  sequences  and   form  feed  characters,  unless  as
          described in the next paragraph.

          Printers  which are set up for proportional fonts may distort the
          columnar layout  of the  reports.  Item  5 on the  Report Options
          menu  will  allow you  to  set up  hexadecimal  control sequences
          appropriate to your printer.  You can  set up a starting sequence
          and  a reset  sequence  which will  bracket the  text of  the clX
          report.  

          You must enter each  hex character in a printer  control sequence
          as  two ascii characters from the set 0-9, A-F, representing each
          of the four bits.   The two character pairs forming each  control
          sequence must be contiguous.  

          You  have  the  'usual'  keyboard based  editing  facilities  for
          creating  hex control strings.   For moving the  cursor: left and
          right arrow keys,  the home and  end keys.   The insert key  will
          toggle insert mode of and off.  Delete characters using backspace
          and delete.   Delete  to the end  of a  string with  Control+End.
          Delete to the start of a string with Control+Home.

          The 'Enter' or  'Return' key will signify the end  of the control
          sequence.  So will an up or down arrow.




                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          34                                                Technical Appendix

          Processing Notes.

          Processing by clX is in  two phases: a first pass which  collects
          all the clauses, and a second pass which reads the document again
          to collect clause references.  The program seeks to the beginning
          of the document  to begin the second pass; it  does not close and
          reopen the document.  The second pass is slower than the first.  

          clX builds  its cross reference tables in memory dynamically, and
          will therefore utilise as much  conventional memory below 640K as
          is  available and  is required.   clX  does  not use  expanded or
          extended memory.

          The  presence of  terminate  and stay  resident programs,  device
          drivers, and  other software such  as a network  operating system
          shell, will all contribute  towards reducing the memory available
          to clX.  

          Note that it is possible that some DOS memory management programs
          may interfere  with the operation  of clX.  For  example QEMM 386
          from Quarterdeck may do this on a networked system.  Ensure  that
          utilities such as  QEMM are  configured not to  control areas  of
          memory  in the first megabyte  which are used  by network adaptor
          cards  or you may find that clX experiences problems, for example
          claiming  that a document  is not a Word  Perfect 5 document, and
          refusing to process it.

























          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                                                    page 35

           
                    clX 2.2, The Clause Cross Referencer ("clX").
                                (Word Perfect version)

                               Registration/Licensing 

                                   (PC DOS version)

          You may  use clX for a 30 day trial period, provided you abide by
          the  terms of the license  agreement.  (During  the trial period,
          you  are strongly  advised to  carefully evaluate  the Software's
          capabilities  against your  particular drafting  style.)   If you
          continue  to use  clX  after the  30 day  trial  period, you  are
          obligated to purchase a license.   

          Recipients of clX must be informed, in advance, that any fee paid
          to  acquire clX from a distributor does not relieve recipients of
          their  obligation to purchase a license from the licensor if they
          use  clX.    The PC  DOS  files  which  constitute  clX, must  be
          distributed together, including all associated text files (.TXT).
          clX  may  only  be  bundled  with  other  products  with  written
          permission from the Licensor.

          Upon payment of  the licence fee, you will receive  an up to date
          copy  of  clX,  future updates  as  they  appear,  and 12  months
          support.

          Please complete  the following  and read  the attached  Terms and
          Conditions.  Completion of  and signing this form  constitutes an
          agreement  to take the Software named above on License subject to
          the Terms and Conditions below.

          LICENSEE INFORMATION

          Licensee Name:     .........................................
          Licensee Contact:  .........................................
          License Telephone: ...........................
          Licensee Address:
               Street      ...........................................
               Suburb      ...........................................
               City        ...........................................
               Postcode/Zip     ............

          E-Mail Address(es):   ......................................

          Where did you  
          obtain your copy of clX ? ..................................

          Disk size:  5.25" / 3.5" (cross out one).

          clX LICENCE FEE:  $US 125.00 for one user.
          (or equivalent amount in other currencies)





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                         Technical Appendix                                                                    page 36

          Refer to the scale below for volume pricing information.

          Number of Users: ..... Total Price: ...... (use scale below)
















































          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                                 page 37



                                  clX Registration,
                                Word Perfect Version.

                                   Schedule of Fees

                                        -oOo-



          Note: Prices are in US dollars.


                   No     License 
                  Users     Fee
                  =====   =======

                     1     $125
                     2     $234
                     3     $338
                     4     $436
                     5     $530
                     6     $618
                     7     $701
                     8     $780
                     9     $855
                    10     $925
                    11     $991
                    12   $1,053
                    13   $1,110
                    14   $1,164
                    15   $1,213
                    16   $1,259
                    17   $1,301
                    18   $1,339
                    19   $1,373
                    20   $1,403
                    21   $1,430
                    22   $1,453
                    23   $1,473
                    24   $1,489
                    25+  $1,500


               The price for 25 or more users is $US 1,500.





                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                         Technical Appendix                                                                    page 38


                                  LICENSEE AGREEMENT
                                  ==================

          I have read, understood and agree to all the Terms and Conditions
          of this License Agreement as attached:

          Licensee Signature  .........................................

          Name and Title      .........................................

          Date                .........................................


                                     LICENSE FEES

          (The license fee is as indicated in the schedule of fees above)


          NUMBER OF USERS :      .........

          TOTAL LICENSE FEE : $US......... 
          (Read off price against number of users in the Schedule above.)


          NOTE: Make cheques payable to :  "Generic Software Pty Ltd".
                Send cheques and signed agreement to :

                              Generic Software Pty Ltd,
                              26 Chalder Street,
                              Newtown, NSW, 2042,
                              AUSTRALIA.


                                 TERMS and CONDITIONS
                                 ====================

          THIS LICENCE  AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO  BETWEEN GENERIC SOFTWARE
          PTY  LTD, ACN  054 834  196, A  COMPANY REGISTERED  IN AUSTRALIA,
          (HEREIN REFERRED TO  AS "LICENSOR") OF THE ONE PART  AND YOU, THE
          LICENSEE, ON THE OTHER.

          PLEASE  READ THIS  DOCUMENT CAREFULLY  BEFORE USING  THE LICENSOR
          SOFTWARE THE SUBJECT OF THIS LICENSE.

          BY USING THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING FOR TRIAL PURPOSES, YOU AGREE TO
          BECOME BOUND BY THE  TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, WHICH  INCLUDES THE
          SOFTWARE LICENSE AND DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.



          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                                 page 39

          THIS  DOCUMENT CONSTITUTES A LICENSE  TO USE THE  SOFTWARE ON THE
          TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPEARING BELOW.

          The  computer  program referred  to  as  "clX,  The Clause  Cross
          Referencer,  (Word Perfect  version)", and  related documentation
          and materials (herein collectively referred to as "the Software")
          are  licensed, not sold,  to you for  use only upon  the terms of
          this  license, and  Licensor  reserves all  rights not  expressly
          granted to you.  

          1.   License.

               (a)  This  License allows the Software  to be used  by up to
                    the number  of users in your  organisation indicated at
                    "NUMBER OF USERS", above.

               (b)  If at  any time  you wish  to have  more  users of  the
                    software than indicated at  "NUMBER OF USERS", you must
                    pay  Licensor an additional  amount for  the additional
                    numbers  of users,  this  additional  amount being  the
                    difference between  the cost for the  number of current
                    users and the cost for  the new number of users  as set
                    under "clX Registration, Schedule of Fees".

               (c)  No monies are refundable by  Licensor if you choose  to
                    decrease the number of users.

               (d)  You are granted a  limited license to distribute copies
                    of  the Software for the trial use of others subject to
                    the conditions described below.

                    (i)       The  PC  DOS  files,   clx.exe,  clxovl1.exe,
                              clxovl2.exe,     clxovl3.exe,     clxman.txt,
                              clxintro.txt,    clxregis.txt,    clxupd.txt,
                              clxplans.txt and readme.txt, which constitute
                              the Software, must be distributed together.
              
                    (ii)      You may charge a nominal fee for distribution
                              of  the  Software.    The  recipient  of  the
                              Software  must be informed,  in advance, that
                              any  such nominal  fee  paid  to acquire  the
                              Software  does not  relieve the  recipient of
                              their  obligation to  purchase a  license for
                              the   Software  if  the  recipient  uses  the
                              Software.

                    (iii)     the  Software may only  be bundled with other
                              products   with   written   permission   from
                              Licensor.


                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                         Technical Appendix                                                                    page 40

                    (f)  You may also copy the Software for distribution to
                         the number of licensed users in your organisation,
                         if that is necessary, and also for the purposes of
                         backup.

          2.   Restrictions.

               (a)  YOU  MAY  NOT  MODIFY,   ADAPT,  TRANSLATE,  OR  CREATE
                    DERIVATIVE WORKS  BASED UPON  THE SOFTWARE OR  ANY PART
                    THEREOF.

               (b)  The Software contains trade secrets and to protect them
                    you may not decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble or
                    otherwise   transform   the  Software   to   a  humanly
                    perceivable form.   You agree not  to divulge, directly
                    or indirectly, any such trade secrets to any person.

          3.   Termination.

               This  License is  effective until  terminated.   The License
               will terminate automatically without notice from Licensor if
               you  fail to comply with any provision of this License. Upon
               termination of this license for any reason:

               (a)  you shall have no right  to refund of the whole or  any
                    part of the license fees or other amounts paid for this
                    license and the Software  licensed hereunder (except in
                    the circumstances and expressly as provided in  Section
                    5 below); and

               (b)  you shall  continue to  be bound by  the provisions  of
                    Section 2 above.

               Termination  shall  be  without   prejudice  to  any  rights
               Licensor may have as a result of breach of this Agreement.

          4.   Limited Warranty.

               (a)  Licensor warrants  the media  in which the  software is
                    recorded  and supplied to  you as free  from defects in
                    materials and faulty workmanship under normal use for a
                    period of ninety  (90) days from the  date of delivery.
                    During  this warranty  period,  Licensor  will, at  its
                    option,  repair or  replace, free of  charge, defective
                    media upon which the software has been supplied (and if
                    necessary restore the Software thereon).

               (b)  For twelve months from the date of license fee receipt,
                    Licensor will  examine copies of  documents supplied in
                    Word  Perfect 5.1  or 5.2  format from  Licensee, which

          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                                 page 41

                    Licensee  asserts  is  processed  incorrectly   by  the
                    software.   Licensor will  make  reasonable efforts  to
                    identify the  cause of the  problem, and  supply a  new
                    version  of clX if  this is practicable.   Licensor may
                    decide,  and has  sole  discretion to  decide, that  no
                    resolution  of  the  problem   is  possible,  and  such
                    decision by Licensor will be final.  

               (c)  LICENSEE  UNDERSTANDS   AND  AGREES  THAT   BECAUSE  OF
                    AMBIGUITIES AND IRREGULARITIES IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
                    AND IN THE RANGE  OF DRAFTING STYLES WHICH MAY  BE USED
                    BY AUTHORS, THE EXTRACTION OF ALL RELEVANT DATA  BY THE
                    SOFTWARE  IS NOT  GUARANTEED TO  BE EITHER  COMPLETE OR
                    ACCURATE.  

          5.   Disclaimer of Warranty, Limitation of Remedies.

               TO  THE  FULL  EXTENT  PERMITTED  BY  LAW,  LICENSOR  HEREBY
               EXCLUDES  ALL CONDITIONS AND  WARRANTIES, WHETHER IMPOSED BY
               STATUTE OR BY OPERATION  OF LAW OR OTHERWISE,  NOT EXPRESSLY
               SET  OUT HEREIN.  THE  SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED  "AS IS" WITHOUT
               WARRANTY  OF ANY KIND EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 4 ABOVE.
               LICENSOR   DOES   NOT  WARRANT,   GUARANTEE   OR  MAKE   ANY
               REPRESENTATIONS  REGARDING THE  USE, OR  THE RESULTS  OF THE
               USE,  OF  THE  SOFTWARE  WITH RESPECT  TO  ITS  CORRECTNESS,
               ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, CURRENTNESS OR OTHERWISE.  THE ENTIRE
               RISK  AS TO THE RESULTS  AND PERFORMANCE OF  THE SOFTWARE IS
               ASSUMED BY YOU.  

               EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 5, LICENSOR
               MAKES  NO  EXPRESS  OR  IMPLIED   WARRANTIES  OR  CONDITIONS
               INCLUDING,   WITHOUT   LIMITATION,    THE   WARRANTIES    OF
               MERCHANTABILITY  OR FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR  PURPOSE, WITH
               RESPECT  TO THE SOFTWARE.  NO ORAL OR WRITTEN INFORMATION OR
               ADVICE GIVEN BY LICENSOR, ITS DEALERS, DISTRIBUTORS,  AGENTS
               OR  EMPLOYEES SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY OR IN ANY WAY INCREASE
               THE SCOPE OF THIS WARRANTY, AND YOU MAY NOT RELY ON ANY SUCH
               INFORMATION OR ADVICE.

               IMPORTANT  NOTE:  Nothing  in this Agreement  is intended or
               shall be  construed as excluding or  modifying any statutory
               rights,  warranties or  conditions  which are  applicable to
               this Agreement or the Software supplied hereunder, and which
               by  virtue  of any  national  or state  Fair  trading, Trade
               Practices or other consumer  legislation may not be modified
               or  excluded.  If  permitted by  such  legislation, however,
               Licensor's liability for any breach of  any such warranty or
               condition shall be and is hereby limited to either:



                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





          clX, Licensing Agreement.                         Technical Appendix                                                                    page 42

               (a)  the  supply  of  such  part of  the  Software  licensed
                    hereunder again; or

               (b)  the  correction of any defect  in any such  part of the
                    Software licensed hereunder

               as Licensor  at  its sole  discretion  may determine  to  be
               necessary to correct the said breach.

               EXCEPT  AS SET  OUT IN  THIS  SECTION 5,  IN NO  EVENT SHALL
               LICENSOR BE LIABLE FOR  ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR
               CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES
               FOR  LOSS OF  BUSINESS PROFITS,  BUSINESS INTERRUPTION,  AND
               LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION  OR COMPUTER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF
               LICENSOR OR ANY LICENSOR  REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF
               THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

               Except as  expressly set out  in this section  5, Licensor's
               maximum  liability for damages  arising under this Agreement
               shall be  limited to the  license fees paid by  you for that
               part of  the Software  supplied by Licensor  hereunder which
               caused the damages or that  is the subject matter of,  or is
               directly related to, the cause of the action.

          6.   General.

               This Agreement will be construed under the laws of the state
               of  New South  Wales.   This Agreement  contains the  entire
               Agreement  between the  parties hereto  with respect  to the
               subject matter hereof,  and supersedes all  prior agreements
               and/or understandings  (oral or written).   Failure or delay
               by Licensor in enforcing any right or provision hereof shall
               not  be  deemed a  waiver of  such  provision or  right with
               respect to the  instant or  any subsequent breach.   If  any
               provision  of this  Agreement shall  be held  by a  court or
               competent jurisdiction to be contrary to law, that provision
               will be enforced to the  maximum extent permissible, and the
               remaining provisions  of this Agreement will  remain in full
               force and effect.












          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                                                    page 43


                                        INDEX

          Annexures/attachments
               processing of  26
               specifying string  of characters  for clX  to recognise
                    13
          browse  7
               clX report  7
          browser  7
          clause format  9-11, 13, 16, 17, 29, 30, 33, 10, 16, 17
          Clause number
               ambiguity in identification  25
               Identification of  25
               specify format  16
               specify maximum  15
               spurious error messages if wrong format specified  17
               spurious errors messages if multiple formats used  17
               subclause numbers  25, 26
               unable to distinguish from numbered lists  25
          Clause number references  1
               limitation on error detection  26
          clause numbering  2
          clauses cross reference  11
          control panel  2, 25, 30, 2, 32
               parameter file  9
          cross reference  1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21, 26, 33, 34
          Cross reference report  11, 33
          Defaults settings  9
          Definitions
               primary identifying features  25
               quoted references not recognised  25
               Specify Definition section number  14
          directory  6, 9, 32, 33
          Document attachments
               attachments  13
          drafting   1, 2, 5, 7, 9,  11, 13, 14, 16,  17, 20, 25, page
                    35, page 41
          drafting style  2, 5, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 25, page 35, 2
          Help screen  7
          Interpretive provisions  14
          main menu  5-7, 9, 13, 19, 21, 23, 28, 5, 9
          Markup characters
               Ignoring  20
          maximum clause number  9, 13, 15, 16, 15
          memory  6, 31, 34
          Menu item
               items which must be set up  9
          natural language  1, 2
          Natural language processing technology  1

                                            Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie





                                                                    page 44

          Observations and Errors  11, 12, 21, 26-28, 11
               Producing only  21
          Observations and Errors Report
               attachments noted  26
          Original settings  9
          Page dimensions
               Report  21, 22
          parameter  9, 30, 32
          parameters  9, 30, 33
          path name  6
          PC DOS  6, page 35, page 39
          precedent documents  9
          printer  7, 21, 22, 33
          printing  7, 21, 22
          QEMM  34
          Quote Marks
               Specify type of  14
          Report  7
          Report page
               layout, possible distortion of  33
          Reports  11
          Systems administrator  5, 7, 22, 30-32, 5, 7, 32

           



























          Copyright 1992, Andrew McBurnie