
                    **********************************
                          PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE 
                    RECORDS INFORMATION Leaflet No: 96
                    **********************************

  [Note: this and all other PRO Records Information leaflets are (c)
  Crown Copyright, but may be freely reproduced except for sale or
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  notice -- please respect this.]  (C) Crown Copyright, November 1993

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              EQUITY PROCEEDINGS IN THE COURT OF EXCHEQUER
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INTRODUCTION

The records of the equity side of the Court of Exchequer contain much that
is of value to family, local, economic, and social historians. Its business
was the stuff of equity: disputes over titles of land, manorial rights,
debts, wills, etc. Tithe disputes, and litigation over mineral rights, are
two of the more notable subjects included under these general headings.

By the thirteenth century the Exchequer was hearing common law cases,
mostly debt and trespass, in the Exchequer of Pleas. This jurisdiction
continued until 1873: it was finally ended by the abolition in 1880 of the
Exchequer division of the Supreme Court. The development of an equity
jurisdiction was unrelated, and came late. The Exchequer had emerged as a
court of equity by the mid-sixteenth century, hearing cases between party
and party in cases initiated by English bill. It continued so to do until
1841, when its outstanding business was transferred to the court of
Chancery. (For Chancery Proceedings, see Records Information 30).

Documents relating to cases heard in the Exchequer fall into many different
categories, each filed separately. Almost all are in English. Although each
class of records is briefly described in the Guide to the Contents of the
Public Record Office, vol. I (HMSO, 1963) readers should refer also to the
detailed introductions that preface several of the class lists relating to
Exchequer equity proceedings. You will need to use these lists in order to
find your document reference.

Readers should note that:-

(1)   Many of the records are indexed by the [surname of the plaintiff
      only] and that there is [no union index of names].  Few indexes are
      in strict alphabetical order.

(2)   Although the written depositions made by witnesses survive, there are
      no transcripts of oral proceedings in court.


STARTING A SEARCH

All the records cited in this leaflet are seen at Chancery Lane.

(a)   [For named people]. If you know definitely that a dispute was heard
      in the Exchequer, begin with the pleadings (see E 112 and Bill Books,
      below) and proceed logically through the case as indicated in l(b),
      below. The most important documents are the pleadings, the
      depositions, and the decree, if any.

      A purely speculative search is difficult. The Bill Books, which refer
      to the pleadings, are subdivided by county and are not alphabetically
      arranged, although the full names of the plaintiffs and defendants
      are given. Many defendants are recorded in the appearance books
      (E 107): these are chronologically arranged, but are not indexed.
      However, the Bernau index at the Society of Genealogists indexes
      deponents and defendants in B chequer Depositions (E 134) but may not
      be complete; and a list of deponents 1559-1695 is available in the
      search rooms and at the Society, but is not internally indexed. The
      address of the Society is: Society of Genealogists, 14 Charterhouse
      Buildings, London, EC1M 7AN.

(b)   For places/subjects. If you already know the [title] of a suit (i.e.,
      the names of the plaintiff and defendant and approximate date) begin
      as for people, working in sequence through the records. A speculative
      search is possible. Begin with the Depositions by Commission (E 134 -
      see below, 2(a) under [Evidence]). These are listed both
      chronologically and topographically, by county. The descriptions
      given are sufficiently full to enable relevant material to be
      identified. If you are working on the history of a parish, time spent
      reading through the list is unlikely to be wasted. The depositions
      themselves may give you a great deal of information: and the list
      will give you the title of the dispute; the related records can then
      be identified as before. Some commissions in the series of Special
      Commissions (E 178), which are arranged by county in a chronological
      sequence, also relate to equity disputes. The list is descriptive.
      To find the title of the suit (if any) you will have to read the
      commission itself (in Latin until 1733) or look for an endorsement
      or other annotation on the return. The exhibits (E 140) and exhibits
      in Clerks' Papers (E 219), although less well listed than the several
      Chancery series, may also be used in a speculative search.


THE RECORDS

The records of cases fall into three categories: pleadings, evidence, and
court decisions and opinions. Pleadings were statements made by the parties
to a suit: these bills, answers, replications and rejoinders are
collectively known, for short, as bills and answers. Evidence took the form
of affidavits (statements on oath); depositions (examinations of witnesses
on lists of questions filed in advance by the parties); surveys (enquiries
conducted by commissioners acting on instructions from the Exchequer); and
exhibits; supplementary material may be found among the papers of the
clerks in the King's Remembrancer's Office. Court decisions are recorded
in several overlapping series of decree and order books, and in reports by
the officers of the court.


1. <<Pleadings>>

A suit was initiated by a bill of complaint submitted by the plaintiff
(E 111, E 112, below). The bill set out the case against the defendant, and
conventionally included a statement that the parties were 'Debtors and
accountants to his/her Majesty, as by the records of this honourable court,
and otherwise, it doth and may appear' with the further implication,
sometimes expressly stated, that if the wrong was not righted the revenues
of the crown would be affected, either directly, or indirectly, because the
plaintiff would then be less able to pay his own debts or dues to the
crown. When brought by the Attorney General the bill was known as an
'Information'. The bills and answers usually give much circumstantial
detail. In addition to the plaintiffs'/defendants' names, the pleadings
give their occupation, rank, and address. The defendant replied to the bill
with his answer; the plaintiff might respond with a replication, and the
defendant with a rejoinder, and so on. A purely legal objection given by
way of reply was called a demurrer. Because both bills and answers are ex
parte, each party setting out his case at length, and in the most
favourable light, they may include a wealth of background detail: but may
not necessarily be true or accurate representations of the facts. Bills,
answers, etc. in each suit were strung together in a single fie, and given
a reference number, which is entered on the top left hand corner of the
bill. The bills and answers are in two record series; in addition many
common form replications and rejoinders of the eighteenth century have been
separated out, whether by design or clerical negligence, to form a discrete
series of records. The classes and means of reference are as follows:-

(a)   E 111       Exchequer, Bills and Answers, Early.
                  (Henry VII - Elizabeth I) Most of these are NOT Exchequer
                  documents but strays from the records of other courts,
                  such as the Court of Requests. A descriptive list is
                  available in the search rooms.

(b)   E 112       Exchequer, K. R., Bills and Answers
                  (Elizabeth I - Victoria) These are arranged by reign,
                  subdivided by county. To find individual pleadings, you
                  must use the Bill Books (IND 1), described below. From
                  the Bill Books you will obtain a suit number within a
                  county sequence. Key this up in the E 112 class list to
                  find the modern piece number.

                  N.B. The documents are ordered by the portfolio number
                  (in the left hand margin of the list) and not the suit
                  number: you will need the suit number to find your
                  document in the portfolio. The bills are ordered on
                  MANUAL tickets (ask counter staff) and take about a week
                  to produce, as they are kept outside central London.
                  They are normally seen in the Large Document Room at
                  Chancery Lane. PLEASE DO NOT DISTURB THE ORDER WITHIN
                  THE BUNDLES.

      IND 1/      Bill Books
      16820-      (Elizabeth I - Victoria). These, like the bills
      16853       themselves, are arranged by reign and then by county.
                  They are indexed by plaintiff, and give the full names
                  of the parties. Prior to about 1700, and erratically
                  thereafter, they indicate the nature of the suit. The
                  suit number, which is in the left hand margin, is needed
                  to find your reference to the pleadings. Entries up to
                  the reign of George II are predominantly in Latin. The
                  Bill Books are subdivided for each reign as follows:-

      Part I and Part III: Wales and English counties from Bedfordshire to
      Middlesex, including Yorkshire ('Ebor') but excluding Berkshire,
      Derbyshire, Dorset, Durham and Leicestershire

      Part II and Part IV: Berkshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Durham,
      Leicestershire and remaining English counties from Norfolk to
      Worcestershire.

      Other means of reference:-

      Elizabeth I, counties Bedford - Kent: MS Calendar in search room.

      Elizabeth I - Victoria: Miscellaneous Bundles. MS Index of both
      plaintiffs and defendants.

(c)   E 193       Replications and Rejoinders
                  (Elizabeth I - Victoria) Prior to about 1700 the
                  replications and rejoinders in this class appear to be
                  strays from the series of Bills and Answers (E 112).
                  Those dated before 1660 are mostly substantive, adding
                  details on the alleged facts of the case. After that
                  date, they are formulaic, although a few exceptions and
                  demurrers have also been preserved here. By the
                  eighteenth century (and frequently before then) the
                  filing of replications and rejoinders was a mere
                  formality, and they now form a separate series (E 193).
                  Such documents merely state that the preceding
                  bill/answer was true in all respects, and the opposing
                  claims untrue. They use a standard form of words, and
                  add nothing material to our knowledge of the case. They
                  are listed by date: there is a partial index in OBS
                  1/752, which has to be keyed with the modern class list.
                  It relates only to suits post 1700, and omits many
                  cases.

(d)   The appearance in court of the defendant, whether in person or, as
      was usual, by his attorney, was noted in the appearance books (E
      107). Prior to 1815 the books record the names of defendants both in
      cases on the Memoranda Rolls (E 159) "Per Rec'"; and in equity
      disputes "Per Bill' Anglican'" or, where the Attorney-General was the
      plaintiff, "Per Informac'"-. The early books sometimes enter
      subsequent proceedings under the first entry. Since the defendant's
      name is given first, the order of the parties should be reversed to
      obtain the title of the suit, if this is not already known. The
      principal means of securing the appearance of the defendant in court
      was the writ known as the sub poena; only one sub Poena book has
      survived, giving the names of the parties (E 222/1). Sub Poenas which
      failed to secure the desired effect may be found with an accompanying
      affidavit among the affidavits (E 207, E 103, E 218: see 2(b),
      below).

      E 107       Appearance Books
                  (Elizabeth I - Victoria). Not indexed.

      E 222       [Sub Poena] Book
                  (c. 1667 - 1670). Not indexed.


2. <<Evidence>>

(a) Depositions

      When the pleadings were finished, and no more counter-replies
      remained to be filed, the court commissioned certain persons to
      examine witnesses. Both sides drew up a list of simple questions,
      called interrogatories, to be put to the witnesses. Each question was
      given a number, and was subject to vetting by the court (see E 194 -
      E 195, below 3(b)). The answers to these questions, called
      depositions, provide information about the case, and often about the
      parties involved in the dispute, which may not be included in the
      pleadings. The answers can be fully understood only by reference to
      the numbered questions of the interrogatories; and separate sets of
      depositions were taken to answer each party's interrogatories The
      deponent's name, address, age and occupation are set out at the head
      of his deposition. The depositions fall into two groups: depositions
      taken before the barons of the Exchequer at Westminster, and
      depositions taken in the country by commissioners appointed by the
      court. In a few cases, especially those in which the crown had an
      interest, the court appointed commissionerS to conduct an inquiry
      into the facts of the case such as, for example, the boundaries of
      a manor. The parties might themselves request such a survey after
      filing an affidavit (E 103, for which, see 2(b) below). The records
      are arranged in the following classes:-

      E 133       Depositions before the Barons.
                  (Elizabeth I - Victoria). These are listed, without
                  indication of date or subject matter, in three groups.
                  The first is listed alphabetically by plaintiff,
                  excluding crown cases; the second is crown cases listed
                  alphabetically by defendant; and the third is a list of
                  cases in which the plaintiff is not known, plus
                  miscellanea, such as a bundle of evidence concerning
                  defective titles (Charles I).

      Other means of reference: Elizabeth I (E 133/1-10): MS calendar,
      giving date, parties, and subject matter.

      E 134       Depositions taken by Commission.
                  These are listed in some detail in calendars which give
                  the  names  of  the  parties,  the  date,  and  a  brief
                  description of the nature of the dispute.


(i)   Elizabeth I - Geo. II.  Listed both in a chronological series (Report 
      of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records, vols. xxxviii - xlii) and a
      topographical sequence by county, in which cases are then entered in
      chronological order.  N.B. A number of depositions listed in the
      chronological series were subsequently transferred to E 178 but such
      transfers are recorded only in the topographical listing.


(ii)  George III  - Victoria.  Chronological listing. The counties  are
      noted in the left hand margin of the calendars.

(iii) Undated and miscellaneous,  Elizabeth I - victoria.   Calendared in
      numerical order.  An index of both persons and places refers to this
      calendar.


(iv)  Additions, Elizabeth I - Victoria.  Typescript list.  No index.

Other means of reference: the Bernau index at the Society of Genealogists
includes many deponents and defendants, although the coverage may not be
complete.   Deponents are listed in a county arrangement 1559-1695 in a
typescript list, of which copies are in the Round Room at Chancery Lane and
at the Society of Genealogists.   The P.R.O. copy is not indexed, but the
Bernau index includes references to this list.

In  cases  of  misunderstanding  or malpractice,  deponents  might  swear 
an affidavit  in  the  Exchequer,  sometimes  giving  additional  details 
about themselves as well as about the case (E 103).   Such affidavits were
made only in a minority of cases.

      E 178       Special Commissions
                  (Elizabeth I - Victoria). Commissions of enquiry in both
                  equity and revenue causes. A few include maps, which
                  are, in general, noted in Maps and Plans in the Public
                  Record Office, 1. British Isles (HMSO, 1962) and have
                  been given map references.

                  Descriptive list in P.R.O. Lists and Indexes, xxxvii,
                  where commissions are listed by county, in date order.

      E 221       Commission Books
                  (Elizabeth I - Victoria). These refer to both E 134 and
                  E 178, and record the return of executed commissions into
                  the Exchequer.

      E 165/      Exchequer X. R., Miscellaneous Books
      43-45       (1578-84; 1624-30; 1725-45). These are Commission Books
                  recording the issue of commissions, writs etc. in both
                  revenue and equity proceedings. They therefore include
                  commissions to take the answers of defendants, or the
                  depositions of witnesses, although the majority of
                  entries relate to proceedings on the Memoranda Rolls (E
                  159) rather than equity disputes between party and party.
                  E 165/45 includes the names of the commissioners,
                  identifying those appointed at the suggestion of the
                  plaintiff and defendant respectively.

      E 204       Entry Books of Writs
                  (1725-1842). These continue from E 165/43-45.
                  The detail entered decreases significantly in the later
                  volumes. Not indexed.


(b) <<Affidavits>>

      These are sworn statements made before the court or, in the country,
      before commissioners of oaths.  Most are procedural, and many relate 
      to the service of process, especially of the sub poena intended to
      secure the appearance in court of the defendant.  They are usually
      in common form, but some add considerable circumstantial detail;
      others enlarge on the status of individual deponents, on the
      evidence, or the circumstances of the case.  Affidavits in equity
      causes and in revenue cases enrolled on the Memoranda Rolls (E 159)
      are filed in the same bundles.  There are three series:-

      E 207       [Bille]
                  (To 1774). The files contain much other procedural
                  matter. Date list, no index.

      E 103       Affidavits
                  (1774-1841). Date list only:  the later indexes relate
                  solely to revenue proceedings.

      E 218       Exchequer Office, Affidavits
                  (1695-1822). Date list only, no index.


(c) <<Exhibits>>

      Documents produced in court as supporting evidence, but not
      subsequently reclaimed by the parties.  With the transfer of
      outstanding business to the Chancery in 1841 one of the Exchequer
      clerks became a Chancery Master. Exhibits in Exchequer cases are
      therefore found in the following classes:-

      E 140       Exhibits
                  Listed alphabetically by parties where known, but
                  without indication of date or subject matter. Some
                  exhibits are described in more detail in OBS 1/752: this
                  list has to be keyed with the modern class list.

      E 219       Exchequer Office, Clerks' Papers
                  (17th - 19th century). Includes exhibits. Descriptive
                  list; card index of plaintiffs where known.

      C 106       Chancery, Masters' Exhibits, Master Richards.
                  Most are exhibits in Chancery actions, but the class
                  includes Exchequer cases also (although the list does not
                  identify them as such). Descriptive List.

      C 121       Chancery, Masters' Documents, Master Richards.
                  Most relate to Chancery actions, but the class includes
                  Exchequer cases also. See C 106, above.


(d) <<Clerks' Papers>>

      Much of the procedural work in Exchequer equity cases was done by the
      clerks of the King's Remembrancer's Office.  This part of their
      duties was similar to that of the Chancery Masters. The clerks' 
      papers include correspondence, office copies, exhibits, briefs,
      drafts produced for each stage of the suit, and bills of costs, as
      well as papers relating to the working of the exchequer Office
      itself.

      E 219       Exchequer Office, Clerks' Papers.
                  (17th - 19th century). Descriptive list. Card index of
                  plaintiffs, where known. The list has a good
                  introduction, which should be consulted before using the
                  list.


3.    <<Court Decisions and Other Formal Records>>

(a)   Decrees and Orders

      At each stage of an equity dispute an order of the court was required
      to effect the next stage of the proceedings.  Orders therefore
      appointed days for hearing, authorised the issue of commissions and
      the like, and, on occasion, made interim settlements.  Most orders
      ran 'of course' and were little more than formalities; a few add
      substantially to our knowledge of the case. The first notice of an
      order was a brief entry in the Minute Books (E 161); orders were then
      written out in full (Original Orders, E 128, E 131) and registered
      (E 123 - E 125, E 127). The final judgement was called a decree. Many
      cases were either withdrawn or settled out of court before they
      reached this stage, so that no conclusion would be reached by the
      court.  The first notice of a decree was an entry in the  Exchequer
      Chamber Minute Books (E 162). These, with the clerks' papers, (E 219)
      are the only records which give any indication as to what actually
      happened in court, as distinct from the decisions of the court.  Like
      the orders, decrees were first written out in full  (E 128, E 130)
      and then registered (E 123 - E 124, E 126).  Some drafts and copies
      of both decrees and orders are in the Clerks' papers (E 219).  A full
      description of the interrelationship of the several series is given
      in the introduction to the E 123 class list.  The series overlap, and
      entries relating to any one case may be found in more than one record
      series.

      E 111/56    Entry Book of Decrees and Orders
                  (Philip and Mary).  Not indexed.

      E 123       Entry Books of Decrees and Orders, Series I
                  (Elizabeth I - 3 James I). Decrees and Orders.

      Indexes:    Descriptive list, MS, in order of entry, Elizabeth I -
                  James I. List of parties, MS, in order of entry, James
                  I. IND 1/16897 indexes E 123/1A - 1B.


Other means of reference:

Adam Martin, Index to Repertories, Books of Orders, and Decrees, and other
Records ......in the Court of Exchequer ( London, 1819). Place name index.
The references have to be keyed to modern class lists.: Wood's Index (IND
1/17050). A descriptive list arranged in county order.

      E 124       Entry Books of Decrees and Orders, Series II
                  (1 James I -  1 Charles I).  Decrees and Orders to
                  Michaelmas 1604, <then Orders only>.

      Indexes:    List of parties, MS
                  Descriptive list, MS, to 1610 only.

Other means of reference: Martin, Wood: see under E 123, above.

      E 125       Entry Books of Decrees and Orders, Series III
                  (1 Charles I - 13 Charles II). Orders only.

      Indexes:    List of parties, MS, to 1649 only.
                  Indexes (incomplete) in IND 1/16854 - 16850: see
                  <Catalogue of Indexes>.

Other means of reference: Martin, Wood: see under E 123, above.

      E 126       Entry Books of Decrees and Orders, Series IV
                  (2 James I - Victoria).  Decrees only.  See also E 159,
                  below.

      Indexes:    Calendars, MS, giving parties and subject, James I - 5
                  Wm & Mary.
                  Indexes of parties 1677 - 1841, IND 1/16862 - 16866: see
                  <Catalogue of Indexes>.

Other means of reference: Martin, Wood: see under E 123.

      E 127       Entry Books of Decrees and Orders, Series V
                  (13 Charles II - 1841).  Orders only.

      Indexes:    Parties only, IND 1/16866 - 16891.  The series is
                  incomplete. Some index the original orders (E 131)
                  rather than the registers, but can be used with minor
                  adjustments as indexes to the registers.

Other means of reference: Martin, Wood: see E 123, above.

      E 128       Decrees and Orders, Original
                  (Elizabeth I - 1663)

      E 130       Decrees, Original
                  (1663 - 1841)

      E 131       Orders, Original
                  (1663 - 1842)

Some decrees, particularly those in which the crown had an interest, might
be enrolled elsewhere, in addition to the entry book copy.

      E 159       King's Remembrancer, Memoranda Rolls
                  Occasional enrolment throughout.  Important for 1673-4:
                  See introduction to list of E 123.

      Indexes:    Agenda Books, IND 1/17051 - 17079(2); 6724 - 6727.

Other means of reference: Martin, Wood: see E 123, above.

Decrees relating to crown lands might also be recorded for the Auditors of
Land Revenue.

      LR 1        Enrolment Books of Grants, Leases, Warrants, etc.

      Indexes:    See class list and Catalogue of Indexes.

      LR 2        Miscellaneous Books
                  Not indexed.

The first notification of an order or a decree was an entry in the Minute
Books.

      E 161       Common Minute Books
                  (1616-1841) Brief notes of orders. Not indexed.

      E 162       Exchequer Chamber Minute Books
                  (1584-1841) Minutes of decrees. The volumes (1695-1841)
                  also give some indication of procedures. From 1595,
                  minutes of decrees are sometimes noted on
                  the bills of causes, E 162/48 - 87.

      E 219       Exchequer Office, Clerks' papers
                  (17th - 19th century)
                  These include many drafts, originals and copies of
                  decrees and orders.


(b)   Reports and Certificates

      At any stage in the dispute the written pleadings,  interrogatories
      etc. might be referred for comment to the officers of the court;
      revenue matters might also be referred to the Auditors of Land
      Revenue.  Many surviving reports represent a fairly late stage in the
      proceedings, dealing with funds in court or the taxation of costs. 
      A few contain very detailed accounts of the disposition of estates.

      E 194       Reports and Certificates
                  (1648 - 1841)

      Indexes:    Alphabetical by plaintiff, IND 1/16892 - 16896

      E 195       Miscellaneous Reports
                  (Charles II - 1841). Mostly exceptions to reports; and
                  bank certificates. Not indexed.

      LR 9/111,   Auditors of Land Revenue, Miscellanea.
      116-117     (Elizabeth I - George IV).  Detailed list.


(c)   Funds in Court

      The Court could order that disputed monies should be paid into court,
      to be held in trust pending settlement of the dispute in question. 
      Where the quarrel was over the estate of a deceased person,  the
      court sometimes ordered the sale or realisation of the profits of
      that estate.  Monies paid into court were frequently invested in
      consolidated stock: that is, in the Bank of England.  Initially
      administered by the King's Remembrancer or his deputy those funds
      were, from 1820, administered by the Accountant General of the Court.

      E 217       Account Books of Funds in Court
                  (1675-1841). E 217/1-6, which are indexed, are detailed
                  accounts under the titles of the suits. Other volumes in
                  the series are chronologically arranged, and the entries
                  brief. They contain many entries unrelated to equity
                  proceedings: see the introduction to the class list.

      E 185       Equity Petitions
                  (1627 - 1841). Many of these post-date the filing of the
                  decree, and relate either to the taxation of costs or the
                  payment of funds into or out of court. Petitions earlier
                  than 1800 are mostly for admission to sue <in forma
                  pauperis>.

      Indexes:    MS list of parties, 1800 - 1841.

      E 194       Reports and Certificates
                  (1648 - 1841). Many relate to funds in Court. See
                  above.


4.    <<The Cost of Litigation>>

      Most procedures in the court of Exchequer (or any other court)
      involved the payment of fees,  although the total cost could
      sometimes be reduced by admission to sue in forma pauperis (see E
      185, above).  Entries in the registers, writs, and copies were 
      charged at standard rates. The introduction of duties on such fees
      meant that formal records had to be kept.

      E 225       Register's Accounts for Decrees and Orders
                  (1691 - 1794).  Entry books, arranged chronologically
                  under the names of each clerk.

      E 194       Reports and Certificates
                  (1648 - 1841).  Many are concerned with the taxation of
                  costs, by which the court reduced the successful party's
                  claims for costs to a level which the court considered
                  reasonable.  See above.

      E 219       Exchequer Office, Clerks' Papers
                  (17th - 19th century). Includes draft bills and
                  accounts.
                  See above.

      E 165       Exchequer, K. R., Miscellaneous Books
                  The Commission Books, E 165/43 - 45, which record the
                  issue of commissions to take depositions, answers, etc.,
                  among other matters, record the payments of fees to the
                  acting clerk in court, although the amounts are not
                  given.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

D. B. Fowler, The Practice of the Court of the Exchequer (2 vols.,
      London, 1795).  A manual produced by a working officer of the court,
      and much the best guide, at least to eighteenth-century procedure.

W. H. Bryson, The Equity Side of the Exchequer (Cambridge, 1975).

A. Martin, Index to Various Repertories, Books of Orders, and Decrees
      and other Records preserved in the Court of Exchequer (London, 1819). 
      Selective index to places mentioned in decrees and orders,memoranda
      rolls etc.

[See also] the introductions to class lists.  Many of the lists have been
revised, and instructions added, since their publication in the List and
Index Society Volume.

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