       Document 0787
 DOCN  M9640787
 TI    Preventing bacterial respiratory tract infections among persons infected
       with human immunodeficiency virus.
 DT    9604
 AU    Keller DW; Breiman RF; Respiratory Diseases Epidemiology Section,
       Centers for Disease; Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333,
       USA.
 SO    Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;21 Suppl 1:S77-83. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/96002832
 AB    Bacterial respiratory tract infections occur frequently in persons
       infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and may be caused by a
       wide variety of pathogens. Pneumonia is the most commonly diagnosed
       respiratory infection in HIV-infected persons and is more common in
       those persons than in non-HIV-infected ones. HIV-infected persons have a
       much higher risk of pneumococcal disease than do noninfected controls,
       and disease may occur relatively early in the course of HIV infection.
       While mortality associated with the disease does not seem to be high
       among HIV-infected persons, there is a higher rate of recurrence of the
       disease in that population. Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in
       HIV-infected persons are not well characterized. Though efficacy data
       are limited, the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine is
       recommended for use early in the course of HIV infection. There are no
       data suggesting that HIV-infected persons should be revaccinated
       routinely. Antiretroviral agents may enhance the immunologic response to
       the polysaccharide vaccine. Prophylactic antibiotics may have a role in
       preventing recurrences of severe bacterial respiratory infections, and
       intravenous immunoglobulin may be useful in preventing serious bacterial
       infections in HIV-infected children. HIV-infected persons are also at
       greater risk for serious infections with Haemophilus influenzae than are
       non-HIV-infected persons. Vaccination against H. influenzae type b (Hib)
       is recommended for HIV-infected children but not for adults.
       Antimicrobial drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and H.
       influenzae have become more prevalent recently and consequently have
       impacted on strategies for prevention and treatment of those infections.
 DE    Adult  Bacterial Vaccines/THERAPEUTIC USE  Haemophilus
       influenzae/*IMMUNOLOGY  Haemophilus Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION
       & CONTROL  Haemophilus Vaccines/THERAPEUTIC USE  Human  HIV
       Infections/*COMPLICATIONS  Incidence  Pneumonia,
       Bacterial/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  Pneumonia,
       Lobar/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  Respiratory Tract
       Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  Risk Factors
       Streptococcus pneumoniae/IMMUNOLOGY  United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY
       Vaccination  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

