       Document 0793
 DOCN  M9640793
 TI    Preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in persons infected with human
       immunodeficiency virus.
 DT    9604
 AU    Simonds RJ; Hughes WT; Feinberg J; Navin TR; Division of HIV/AIDS,
       Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,; Atlanta, Georgia 30333,
       USA.
 SO    Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;21 Suppl 1:S44-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96002826
 AB    Although the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among
       adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has declined, no
       decline in PCP incidence has been observed among HIV-infected children,
       and PCP remains the most common serious opportunistic infection among
       both adults and children in the United States. Some evidence of airborne
       transmission of P. carinii exists, and some clusters of cases of PCP
       have been reported; however, data are insufficient to recommend that
       persons with PCP be separated from immunosuppressed persons as a
       standard practice. The incidence of PCP can be reduced substantially if
       persons at risk for PCP are identified and receive adequate
       chemoprophylaxis. Several drugs and drug combinations are highly
       effective in preventing PCP. For both adults and children, oral
       trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is the preferred form of
       prophylaxis. Adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of
       TMP-SMZ and in some cases may necessitate withdrawal of the drug until
       the effects resolve. However, reintroduction at the same dose or at a
       lower and gradually increasing dose will often permit the continued use
       of TMP-SMZ. For persons intolerant of TMP-SMZ, dapsone alone and dapsone
       plus pyrimethamine are effective alternatives. A third alternative is
       aerosolized pentamidine. Additional drugs of unproven efficacy but of
       potential use in exceptional cases are available.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  Anti-Infective Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE  Antifungal
       Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE  AIDS-Related Opportunistic
       Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION &  CONTROL  Child
       Dapsone/THERAPEUTIC USE  Drug Therapy, Combination  Human  Incidence
       Infection Control/METHODS  Pentamidine/THERAPEUTIC USE  Pneumonia,
       Pneumocystis carinii/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION &  CONTROL
       Pyrimethamine/THERAPEUTIC USE  Research  Risk Factors
       Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/THERAPEUTIC USE  United
       States/EPIDEMIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

