





				PROGRAM 'GOW' v4.0

		     

				  
			 

				       by

   

				   B. K. Berge
      
				  206 Cliff Ave.

			     Valley Springs, SD 57068






	  B. K. Berge is a member of the Association of Shareware 
	  Professionals (ASP).  ASP wants to make sure that the 
	  shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to 
	  resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by 
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	  545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe 
	  message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 72050,1433.




			      DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT

	  Users of 'GOW' must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
	  This program material is supplied as is.  The author disclaims
	  all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without 
	  limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness
	  for any purpose.  The author assumes no liability for incidental 
	  or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the 
	  furnishing, use, or performance of this program material.

















									ii
	  
	  
	  1.0  INTRODUCTION

	  1.1  General

	  'GOW' calculates physical properties of the following gases and
	  liquids:
		 a) Gases
		   - Natural gas
		   - Nitrogen
		   - Air

		 b) Liquids
		   - Oil
		   - Water
		   - Methanol/Water mixtures
		   - Monoethylene glycol/Water mixtures
		   - Diethylene glycol/Water mixtures
		   - Triethylene glycol/Water mixtures

	  Oil properties are calculated based on a black-oil model.  
	  In fluid-property terms the black-oil model employs 2 pseudo-
	  components:
	 
	     1) "OIL" defined as produced oil at stock tank conditions
	     2) "GAS" defined as produced separator gas
	 
	  The basic assumption is that gas may dissolve in the oil    
	  phase, but oil will not dissolve in the gas phase.  For    
	  mixtures of heavy oil and light components this is a    
	  reasonable assumption, but is a misleading assumption for    
	  mixtures of light and intermediate components.
	 
	 
	  1.2  Program Requirements and Overview
	 
	  Make sure you have the MINIMUM EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION    
	  required by GOW: 
  
	  a) DOS version:
	     1) An IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible computer
	     2) 256 K or more of RAM memory
	     3) DOS 2.0 or later operating system
	  
	  b) Windows version:
	     1) A computer with 80386 processor or better (486, Pentium)
	     2) 4 MB RAM memory 
	     3) Windows 3.+
















									iii


	  1.3  Program Information
	 
	  The program is divided into 2 major sub-programs, one for gas 
	  properties and one for liquid properties.

	  'GOW' will let you choose between SI-units (metric) or
	  Customary units.

	  The gas property routine calculates:
	 
		       - Molecular weight
		       - Density
		       - Compressibility
		       - Gas formation volume factor
		       - Z-factor (gas deviation factor)
		       - Viscosity
		       - Thermal conductivity
		       - Specific heat
		       - Ideal isentropic coefficient, Cp/Cv
		       - Real isentropic coefficient, k
		       - Pseudo Critical properties
		       - Pseudo Reduced properties
	 
	 
	  The liquid property routine calculates:
	 
		       - API gravity (for oil only)
		       - Density
		       - Compressibility
		       - Formation volume factor (oil and water only)
		       - Solution gas-liquid ratio (oil and water only)
		       - Bubble point pressure (oil only)
		       - Viscosity
		       - Thermal conductivity
		       - Surface tension
		       - Specific heat
		       - Pseudo Critical properties
		       - Pseudo Reduced properties


	  
	  2.0  USING 'GOW'

	  The following steps are needed to run the program:

	  STEP 1: Install the program:

	  a) DOS version:
 
	     Put the program diskette in drive A and type: A:\INSTALL
	     This will install the DOS-programs in directory C:\GOW\
	     or show you how to install the program in a directory of your 
	     choice.
	 
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
									iv


	  b) Windows version:
	     The Windows version of the program uses the Visual Basic 3.0
	     runtime DLL.  Put the program diskette in drive A.  From 
	     the Microsoft Windows Program Manager, choose RUN from the 
	     FILE menu and type: A:\SETUP or double-click on the SETUP.EXE
	     file in drive A.  Setup will copy the program to directory
	     C:\GOW unless you make your own choice.  If you want the
	     program-icon to appear in another group window, move it to 
	     where you want 'GOW' to be and delete the window group 
	     made by Setup.  Save your selections.
	  
	  STEP 2:  Start the program by typing "GOW" from the DOS-prompt,
		   or 'click' on the correct icon:


				    G O W
   
		      
		      PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GAS-OIL-WATER    
	    
			     (NON-COMPOSITIONAL)            
    
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------


		  Copyright (C) 1996 by B. K. Berge (V 4.0)                     
				       

	  After the disclaimer message, the main menu pops up:

				GAS-PROPERTIES 
				LIQUID-PROPERTIES 
				EXIT
										  
	 
	  Select either gas or liquid by using the mouse to point and 
	  click or the arrow-keys and pressing <ENTER> at your selection.

	  Next, depending on your choice, the program will either let 
	  you choose your gas-calculations: Natural Gas, Air or Nitrogen,
	  or your liquid-calculations: Oil, Water, MeOH/Water, MEG/Water,
	  DEG/Water, or TEG/Water.


	  STEP 3: Type of Calculations:
	 
	  Calculation methods are selected from pop-up menus.

	  The input-screen will now appear.  You can here retrieve 
	  previously saved input data or save your current data to new 
	  files.  The program will start out with initial built-in data,
	  called "First Time Values".  
	
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
									v

	  
	  The physical properties can now be calculated.  A pressure 
	  liberation table of properties (at constant temperature) will 
	  also presented from given pressure down to atmospheric 
	  conditions (14.696 psia [1.01325 Bara]).

	  Physical properties can also be plotted versus pressure, but 
	  do require at least an EGA graphics system to work.  Printing 
	  of the graph requires an IBM/EPSON matrix printer or HP 
	  Laserjet or compatible systems.  However, printing the graph is 
	  slow.

	   NOTE! : YOU CAN ALWAYS GO BACK ONE SCREEN BY PRESSING <Esc>.


	  3.0 LIMITATIONS
	 
	  The program is designed to work with pressures between 14.696 
	  psia (1.01325 Bara) and 6000 psia (400 Bara), and temperatures    
	  between 32 degrees F (0 deg C) and 400 degrees F (200 deg C).  
	  However, some of the correlations are not valid in the entire   
	  temperature-and pressure-range.  

	 
	  3.1 Gas Properties
	 
	  All natural gas-properties are limited to:
	 
			       0.55 <= SPGG < 2.0
	 
			     1.05 <= TEMPRD < 3.0
	 
				0 <= PRSPRD < 30
	 
	  In addition to the above limitations,  calculations of pseudo-
	  critical temperatures and pressures should not be performed    
	  for reservoir gases with SPGG > 1.3 and for surface gases with 
	  SPGG > 1.71.

	  For other gases the limitations are given by the same range for
	  TEMPRD and PRSPRD as for natural gas. 


	  3.2 Liquid Properties
	 
	  For most correlations used here the general limitations are:
	 
			       0.55 <= SPGG < 1.4
	 
			  14.696 psia < PRS < 6000 psia 
	 
				0.74 < SPGO < 1.0
	 
			  20 SCF/BBL < GORS < 2000 SCF/BBL

	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
									vi
	  
	  
	  Calculation of physical properties of water and the other liquids
	  are limited by the following validity ranges:
	 
			      500 psia < PRS < 6000 psia 
	 
			      70 deg F < TEM < 250 deg F 
  

	  Specifically for water the salt-content must be limited by:

				  0 % < NaCl < 25 %
	 
	  where it is assumed that all dissolved solids are expressed   
	  as equivalent sodium chloride concentration (NaCl-concentration).
	  
	  
	  4.0 REFERENCES

	   1. Miller, R.W., "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook", 2nd      
	      Ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, NY (1989) 2-30       
	      - 2-37.
	   
	   2. Dranchuk, P.M. and Abou-Kassem, J.H., "Calculation of           
	      Z-factors for Natural Gases Using Equation of State",    
	      J. of Canadian Pet. Tech. (July-Sept. 1975) 34-36.           
 
	   3. "Compressibility and Supercompressibility for Natural Gas
	      and other Hydrocarbon Gases", Transmission Measurement
	      Committee Report no. 8, AGA Catalog No. XQ 1285, 
	      Arlington, VA (1986).         

	   4. "Phase Behavior", Reprint Series, SPE, Dallas (1981), 15,        
	      52-63 and 211-223.

	   5. Edmister, W.C. and Lee, B.I., "Applied Hydrocarbon Thermo-
	      dynamics", Vol. 1, 2nd Ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Houston,
	      TX (1984) 47-49.

	   6. Dempsey, J.R., "Computer Routine Treats Gas VIscosity as
	      Variable", Oil & Gas J. (Aug. 16, 1965) 141.
	     
	   7. Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., and Sherwood, T.K., "The
	      Properties of Gases and Liquids", 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill          
	      Book Co. Inc., New York, NY (1977) 503-506, and 536-537.

	   8. "Engineering Data Book", Vol II, 10th Ed., Gas Processors
	      Suppliers Association, Tulsa, OK (1987) 23-1 - 23-65.

	   9. Buthod, P., "Specific Heats of Natural Gases", Oil and 
	      Gas J. (Sept. 29, 1949) 60.
   
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
	  
									vii
	  
	  
	  10. Standing, M.B., "Volumetric and Phase Behavior of Oil           
	      Field Hydrocarbon Systems", SPE, Dallas (1977) 121-127.

	  11. Wichert, E. and Aziz, K., "Calculate Z's for Sour Gases",
	      Hydrocarbon Processing (May 1971) 51, 119-122.
	    
	  12. Vazquez, M. and Beggs, H.D., "Correlations for Fluid            
	      Physical Property Prediction", J. Pet. Tech. (June 1980)        
	      968-970.

	  13. McCain Jr., W.D., "Reservoir-Fluid Property Correlations -
	      State of the Art", SPE Reservoir Engineering (May 1991) 
	      266-272.
   
	  14. Katz, D.L., "Prediction of Shrinkage of Crude Oils",            
	      Drill. and Prod. Prac., API (1940) 137-147.
	
	  15. Brill, J.P. and Beggs, H.D., "Two-Phase Flow in Pipes",         
	      3rd Ed., Tulsa, OK (1979) 2-1 - 2-67.
	  
	  16. Gallant, R.W., "Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons",
	      2nd Printing, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1974)
	      61-72, 109-123.

	  17. Dickey, D.S., "Practical Formulas Calculate Water 
	      Properties", Chemical Engineering (November 1991) 235-236.

	  18. McCain Jr., W.D., Rollins, J.B. and Villiena Lanzi, A.J.,        
	      "The Coefficients of Isothermal Compressibility of Black 
	      Oils at Pressures Below the Bubblepoint", SPE Reservoir
	      Engineering (Sept. 1988) 659-662.

	  19. Dodson, C.R. and Standing, M.B., "Pressure-Volume-
	      Temperature and Solubility  Relations for Natural Gas
	      Water Mixtures", Drill. and Prod. Prac.,  API (1944), 173.

	  20. Osif, T.L., "The Effects of Salt, Gas, Temperature, and
	      Pressure on the Compressibility of Water", SPE Reservoir
	      Engineering (Feb. 1988) 175-181.

	  21. Eichelberger, W.C., Industry and Engineering Chemistry          
	      (1955) 47, 2223.

	  22. Glaso, O., "Generalized Pressure-Volume-Temperature
	      Correlations", J. Pet. Tech. (May 1980) 785-795.

	  23. Keenan, J. A. and Keyes, F. G., "Thermodynamic Properties       
	      of Steam", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1936).

	  24. Lasater, J.A., "Bubble Point Pressure Correlation", Trans.      
	      AIME (1958) 213, 379.












									viii


	  25. Beggs, H.D. and Robinson, J.R., "Estimating the Viscosity       
	      of Crude Oil Systems", J. Pet. Tech. (Sept. 1975) 1140-
	      1141.
  
	  26. Craft, B.C., Hawkins, H.F. and Terry, R.E., "Applied
	      Petroleum Reservoir Engineering", 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall,
	      Englewood Cliffs (1991) 40-44.

	  27. Beal, C., "The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude      
	      Oil and Its Associated Gases at Oil-Field Temperatures and
	      Pressures", Trans. AIME (1946) 165, 94-115. 

	  28. Chew, J.N. and Connally Jr., C.A., "A Viscosity                 
	      Correlation for Gas-Saturated Crude Oils", Trans. AIME          
	      (1959) 216, 23-25.
	 
	  29. van Wingen, N., "Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, and
	      Crude Oil at Varying Pressures and Temperatures",               
	      Secondary Recovery of Oil in the United States, API (1950)
	      Chapter 6.

	  30. "API Technical Data Book - Petroleum Refining", Vol. I,          
	      4th Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC            
	      (1983).
      
	  31. Raznjevic, K., "Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables and            
	      Charts", Hemisphere Publishing Co., Washington DC (1976)        
	      99-102.
  
	  32. Baker, O. and Swerdloff, W., "Finding Surface Tension of
	      Hydrocarbon Liquids", Oil & Gas J. (January 2, 1956) 125.

	  33. Riazi, M.R. and Daubert, T.E., "Simplify Property               
	      Predictions", Hydrocarbon Processing (March 1980) 115-          
	      116.

	  34. Campbell, J.M., "Gas Conditioning and Processing", 
	      Vol. I, 6th Ed., Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, OK          
	      (1984) 60.
    
	  35. Katz, D.L., et. al., "Handbook of Natural Gas                   
	      Engineering", McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York (1959).
	  
	  36. Perry, R.H. and Chilton, C.H., "Chemical Engineers              
	      Handbook", 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY          
	      (1973) 3-135.




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									ix

	  
	  5.0 REGISTRATION 

	  'GOW' is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge
	  to the user for evaluation.  Feel free to share it with your
	  friends.  If you find this program useful and find that you 
	  continue using 'GOW' after a reasonable trial period, you 
	  are encouraged to register.  The $19.95 registration fee 
	  will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one 
	  time, provide 12 months support by Compuserve, Internet or
	  USmail, a comprehensive manual giving you the equations used 
	  in the program, and the next upgrade free.


	  SHAREWARE REGISTRATION FORM

	  Your Name............ ______________________________
	  Company Name......... ______________________________
	  Street Address....... ______________________________
	  P.O. Box............. ____________________
	  City................. ____________________
	  State, Zip........... __ _________________ 

	  Preferred disk type.. 3-1/2" 720 KB  _
				3-1/2" 1.44 MB _
				5-1/4" 360 KB  _
				5-1/4" 1.2 MB  _

	  Mail the form with a check of $19.95 to:

	  B. K. Berge, 206 Cliff Ave., Valley Springs, SD 57068

	  CompuServe: 101653,3544
	  Internet: 101653.3544@compuserve.com

	  Other programs by the author ($14.95 registration fee for 
	  each if you have registered other software from the author):
	  
	  AGA      - Calculates gas and liquid flow orifice meters
		     based on on ANSI/API-2530, Part 3 - 1991 (AGA 3). 
		     Both DOS and Windows 3.+ versions supplied upon 
		     registration.
	  
	  ISO      - Performs the same calculations as 'AGA' over, but
		     is based on the International Standard ISO-5167-1:1991.
		     Both DOS and Windows 3.+ versions supplied upon 
		     registration.

	  GASWATER - Natural Gas-Water interaction calculations
		     (Hydrate calculations, water content of natural gas,
		     MeOH/Glycol injection calculations and CO2 solid
		     formation calculations).  Both DOS and Windows 3.+ 
		     versions supplied upon registration.
