


XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



NAME
     xtide, tide - harmonic tide clock and tide predictor

SYNOPSIS
     xtide [-24] [-banner] [-bg _c_o_l_o_r] [-calen] [-calib]
           [-check _y_e_a_r] [-config _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [-cur]
           [-display _d_i_s_p] [-fgfall _c_o_l_o_r] [-fgmark _c_o_l_o_r]
           [-fgmiddle _c_o_l_o_r] [-fgmllw _c_o_l_o_r] [-fgrise _c_o_l_o_r]
           [-fgtext _c_o_l_o_r] [-geometry _g_e_o_m] [-graph]
           [-gstart _d_a_t_e] [-gstretch _v_a_l_u_e] [-hairy] [-help]
           [-hfile _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [-hinc [_N]] [-hloff _o_f_f_s_e_t]
           [-htoff _t_i_m_e] [-java] [-list] [-listtz]
           [-lloff _o_f_f_s_e_t] [-location _n_a_m_e] [-loctz]
           [-ltoff _t_i_m_e] [-mark _l_e_v_e_l] [-middle] [-mllw]
           [-nofill] [-nolines] [-now] [-nowarn] [-ppm _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
           [-ps] [-raw _d_a_t_e [_i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l]] [-skinny] [-stats _d_a_t_e]
           [-test [_N]] [-text [_N]] [-thin] [-tinc [_N]]
           [-toplines] [-tz _t_i_m_e] [-utc] [-uutc] [-version]
           [-weekday]

     tide [-24] [-banner] [-bg _c_o_l_o_r] [-calen] [-check _y_e_a_r]
          [-config _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [-cur] [-fgfall _c_o_l_o_r]
          [-fgmark _c_o_l_o_r] [-fgmiddle _c_o_l_o_r] [-fgmllw _c_o_l_o_r]
          [-fgrise _c_o_l_o_r] [-fgtext _c_o_l_o_r] [-geometry _g_e_o_m]
          [-graph] [-gstart _d_a_t_e] [-gstretch _v_a_l_u_e] [-hairy]
          [-help] [-hfile _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [-hinc [_N]] [-hloff _o_f_f_s_e_t]
          [-htoff _t_i_m_e] [-java] [-list] [-listtz] [-lloff _o_f_f_s_e_t]
          [-location _n_a_m_e] [-loctz] [-ltoff _t_i_m_e] [-mark _l_e_v_e_l]
          [-middle] [-mllw] [-nofill] [-nolines] [-now] [-nowarn]
          [-ppm _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [-ps] [-raw _d_a_t_e [_i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l]] [-skinny]
          [-stats _d_a_t_e] [-text [_N]] [-thin] [-tinc [_N]]
          [-toplines] [-tz _t_i_m_e] [-utc] [-uutc] [-version]
          [-weekday]

DESCRIPTION
     The xtide program generates and displays  tidal  information
     for  any geographic location which has an appropriate set of
     constants  specified  in   the   harmonics   database.    As
     installed,  xtide  has a built-in default location which may
     be overridden by the environment variable LOCATION or by the
     -location  command line switch (discussed below).  There are
     three  distinct  modes  of  operation:   _c_l_o_c_k   _m_o_d_e   (the
     default), _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e and _t_e_x_t _m_o_d_e.

     Clock Mode
         In this mode, xtide operates as a tide  clock.   A  rec-
         tangular  window is displayed with the times of the next
         high and low tides listed at the top and bottom  of  the
         window  respectively,  while a vertically moving colored
         bar indicates the tide's current elevation.  A blue  bar
         indicates  a  flooding  (rising)  tide while a green bar
         indicates that the tide is ebbing (falling).



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    1






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     Graph Mode
         This is selected by specifying the -graph  command  line
         option.   In  this  mode, xtide generates a graph of the
         water level for a two day period with the date and  time
         of  each  high  and low tide displayed at the top of the
         graph.

     Text Mode
         This is selected by  specifying  the  -text [_N]  command
         line  option.   In  this mode, xtide generates a list on
         _s_t_d_o_u_t of the next _N number (default: 21)  of  high  and
         low tides similar to the following:


             Seattle
             High Tide:  1995-09-15 10:51 AM PDT  9.48
              Low Tide:  1995-09-15  4:06 PM PDT  5.93
             High Tide:  1995-09-15  9:33 PM PDT  9.32
              Low Tide:  1995-09-16  4:38 AM PDT  1.44
                         [...]
              Low Tide:  1995-09-20  8:37 AM PDT  1.58
             High Tide:  1995-09-20  3:45 PM PDT  10.38


         When the -graph option is also specified, an ASCII graph
         of  the  water level for a two day period is produced on
         _s_t_d_o_u_t similar to the following:


Seattle
[09-15      09-15|         09-16     09-16          09-17     09-17       ]
[1052       2134 |         1207      2227|          1321      2331        ]
[                |                       |                       |        ]18.2
[                |                       |                       |        ]15.9
[                |                       |                       |        ]13.6
[                |                       |                       |        ]11.3
[ *****      ****|         *****      ****          ******     ****       ]9.0
[******************       ******************       ******************     ]6.6
[*******************    *********************    *********************    ]4.3
[*************************************************************************]2.0
[*************************************************************************]-0.3
[*************************************************************************]-2.7
[      09-15     | 09-16        09-16    |  09-17        09-17   |   09-18]
[      1607      | 0438         1716     |  0539         1839    |   0644 ]


         Alternately, the  -calen  option  generates  a  calendar
         showing a month of tide predictions:







CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    2






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



             Sunday Monday Tuesda Wednes Thursd Friday Saturday

             10-01  10-02  10-03  10-04  10-05  10-06  10-07

             H0045  H0149  H0254  H0356  H0453  H0545  L0024
             1.92   1.89   1.85   1.81   1.76   1.70   0.47
             L0724  L0831  L0934  L1030  L1119  L1203  H0631
             0.73   0.71   0.66   0.59   0.53   0.46   1.63
             H1234  H1349  H1506  H1617  H1719  H1814  L1243
             1.29   1.28   1.33   1.42   1.53   1.64   0.41
             L1841  L1952  L2106  L2218  L2324         H1903
             0.40   0.44   0.47   0.48   0.47          1.73


         The independent program tide is similar in operation  to
         xtide -text and is provided for those sites which do not
         have the X11 libraries and are unable to compile xtide.

OPTIONS
  Display Adjustment Options  [tide and xtide]
     -24
         This option causes times to be displayed in 24-hour for-
         mat instead of AM/PM.

     -banner
         This option produces a sideways ASCII tide graph,  which
         is  mainly  for  sending to dot matrix printers that use
         continuous printer paper.  The length of the  output  is
         controlled by -text.

     -calen
         This option generates a calendar showing a month of tide
         predictions.

     -geometry _g_e_o_m
         This option specifies  the  size  and  position  on  the
         screen for the xtide window.  A geometry of the form WxH
         may be specified to set the dimensions of the PPM.

     -graph
         Normally, xtide operates in  _c_l_o_c_k  _m_o_d_e.   This  option
         generates  a  graphical representation of the tidal flow
         for a two day period (which  may  be  adjusted  using  -
         gstretch).  Use -graph in conjunction with -text to gen-
         erate an ASCII text version of of the graph.

     -gstart _d_a_t_e
         This option indicates the starting date and time for the
         tidal calculations which must be specified in the format
         YYYY:MM:DD:hh:mm, where YYYY represents  the  four-digit
         year,  MM  represents  the  month  (from  1  to  12), DD
         represents the day (from 1 to  31),  hh  represents  the



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    3






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



         hour (from 0 to 23) and mm represents the minute (from 0
         to 59).

         For example:  -gstart 1996:03:15:12:00

     -gstretch _v_a_l_u_e
         This option is used to  adjust  how  stretched  out  (or
         compressed) the graph will be when displayed in the win-
         dow.  A _v_a_l_u_e of 2.0 means that with the output will  be
         stretched  to  twice  its  normal  size, whereas a _v_a_l_u_e
         between 0.0 and 1.0 will compress the graph showing more
         information spaced more closely together.

         When compressing  a  graph,  if  the  text  becomes  too
         crowded,  try  the  -skinny  option (discussed below) or
         resort to _t_e_x_t _m_o_d_e.

     -hairy
         In _c_l_o_c_k _m_o_d_e, the standard colored bar is changed to  a
         moving  graph  showing  the  tidal curve for an approxi-
         mately four hour time span,  and  a  plus  sign  (+)  is
         displayed  in  the  center  of the graph to indicate the
         current time and current tide elevation.  In _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e,
         two  colors  are  used to draw the graph instead of just
         one.

     -hinc N
         This option is not useful in _t_e_x_t _m_o_d_e.  It causes  tide
         elevation labels to be added to the vertical axis of the
         graph at specified intervals.  If _N is not specified,  a
         reasonable  value  will be used.  -hinc is automatically
         turned on in _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e.

     -mark _l_e_v_e_l
         This option draws a horizontal  reference  line  at  (or
         near)  the indicated water _l_e_v_e_l which is specified as a
         real number, and writes at the bottom of the  graph  the
         times  at which the mark level is crossed.  When used in
         conjunction with -text, a rising/falling entry  will  be
         generated  in  the table each time the water reaches the
         indicated _l_e_v_e_l.

     -middle
         This option draws a horizontal  reference  line  at  (or
         near) the mean tide level.

     -mllw
         This option draws a horizontal  reference  line  at  (or
         near) the mean lower low water level.

     -nofill
         This option causes graphs to be  drawn  as  line  graphs



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    4






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



         instead of "colored in."

     -nolines
         This option suppresses the display  of  tick  marks  and
         grid lines.

     -now
         In _c_l_o_c_k _m_o_d_e, causes the current time to  be  displayed
         in the window.  This is handy when the tide clock is set
         to a different time zone and you want to know what  time
         it  is  at  that  location.   In  _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e, causes the
         current time to be indicated on the graph with a  cross,
         and  the graph to be centered around the current time if
         not overridden by -gstart.

     -skinny
         This option allows the output to be narrower by abbrevi-
         ating  all  timestamps  to  four digits in 24-hour time.
         For example, `7:28 PM EDT' becomes simply `1928'.

     -text _N
         This option places xtide into _t_e_x_t  _m_o_d_e,  generating  a
         list  on  _s_t_d_o_u_t  of  high  and low tides.  The optional
         integer argument _N specifies the number of table entries
         to be produced and defaults to 21 if not specified.

     -thin
         This option removes the year and time zone from the out-
         put, making it slightly thinner.

     -tinc N
         This option causes hourly labels to be added to the hor-
         izontal   axis  of  the  graph  at  specified  intervals
         (default 1 hour).  For the hairy tide clock,  implies  -
         calib.

     -toplines
         This option causes the depth marks in _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e  to  be
         on top of the graph.

     -weekday
         This option adds the day of week to printed dates.

  Tide Adjustment Options
     These options are useful for making  minor  corrections  for
     geographic  locations which do not have their own entries in
     the harmonics database but must rely on  data  from  a  well
     known  nearby  location.   In  plain _t_e_x_t _m_o_d_e with no -mark
     specification, any combination  of  these  switches  may  be
     used,  but in all other modes, the offsets for high tide and
     low tide must be identical.




CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    5






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     -hloff _o_f_f_s_e_t
         This option adjusts the high tide  water  level  by  the
         indicated  _o_f_f_s_e_t  which  must  be  specified  as a real
         number.

     -htoff _t_i_m_e
         This option adjusts the high tide time by the  indicated
         _t_i_m_e  which  must  be  specified  in the format [-]hh:mm
         where hh represents the hour  (from  0  to  23)  and  mm
         represents the minute (from 0 to 59).

     -lloff _o_f_f_s_e_t
         This option adjusts the low  tide  water  level  by  the
         indicated  _o_f_f_s_e_t  which  must  be  specified  as a real
         number.

     -ltoff _t_i_m_e
         This option adjusts the low tide time by  the  indicated
         _t_i_m_e  which  must  be  specified  in the format [-]hh:mm
         where hh represents the hour  (from  0  to  23)  and  mm
         represents the minute (from 0 to 59).

  Time Adjustment Options  [tide and xtide]
     -loctz
          This option attempts to display all times in  the  time
          zone  of  the  selected  location.   -loctz is fragile,
          especially on old System V machines  where  it  is  not
          likely to work on any location outside the U.S.

     -tz _t_i_m_e
          This option may be used to  specify  a  fixed  timezone
          offset.  The _t_i_m_e value must be specified in the format
          [-]hh:mm, where hh represents the hour (from 0  to  23)
          and  mm  represents  the  minutes  (from 0 to 59).  For
          example:  `-tz 14:00'.

     -utc This option causes all times to be displayed in Coordi-
          nated Universal Time (UTC).

     -uutc
          This option specifies that the timestamps  provided  by
          the  user  with  -gstart  and  other switches are to be
          parsed as UTC instead of local time.

  Output Format Options  [tide and xtide]
     -java
          This option outputs an HTML page for use with the  Java
          tide-predicting  applets supplied in the source distri-
          bution.  Please refer to the README in  the  java  sub-
          directory  of  the  source  distribution  for  detailed
          instructions on using Java with XTide.




CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    6






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     -ppm _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
          This option writes the tide graph to the specified file
          _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e  in  ppm(1)  format.   If  a minus sign (-) is
          specified as the file argument, then the output will be
          sent  to _s_t_d_o_u_t.  It is not necessary to specify both -
          graph and -ppm.

     -ps  This option outputs a page of PostScript to draw a tide
          graph.   PostScript  support in XTide is incomplete and
          contains known bugs, so what you see is what you get.

     -raw date interval
          This option produces output which is  only  legible  by
          other computer programs:


              831328598 0.343402
              831332198 0.512449
              831335798 0.747823
              831339398 0.976178
              831342998 1.129068
              831346598 1.160846
              831350198 1.060552
              831353798 0.854795


          The interval used is between the -gstart date  and  the
          date  provided  after  -raw.  If a -gstart date was not
          specified, the current time is  used.   -raw  takes  an
          optional  second  argument  of the form hh:mm, which is
          the time interval to use as a step value.

  Miscellaneous Options  [tide and xtide]
     -check _y_e_a_r
          This option can be used to  check  for  errors  in  the
          equilibrium  arguments specified in the harmonics data-
          base.  A four-digit _y_e_a_r argument  must  be  specified.
          For example:  `-check 1996'.

     -config filename
          This option causes the specified configuration file  to
          be  read.  If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is a minus sign (-) , configura-
          tion is read from standard input.

     -cur This option restricts the location search to data  sets
          for currents only, rather than both tides and currents.

     -help
          This option sends the usage info to standard output.

     -hfile _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
          The xtide program has a built-in default  location  for



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    7






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



          the  harmonics  database file.  this option can be used
          to override that default by specifying a _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e  that
          indicates  the  fully  qualified  path  to an alternate
          database.

     -list
          This option causes all geographic  locations  currently
          in the harmonics database to be listed to _s_t_d_o_u_t.

     -listtz
          This option causes all geographic  locations  currently
          in the harmonics database to be listed to _s_t_d_o_u_t, along
          with their meridians and time zones.

     -location _n_a_m_e
          This option overrides the built-in default geographical
          location  and specifies that tidal information is to be
          generated for the specified _n_a_m_e.   Matching  is  case-
          insensitive  and _n_a_m_e may be abbreviated so long as the
          specified string  will  uniquely  identify  the  target
          location from all others in the harmonics database.

     -nowarn
          This option turns off the big ugly warning message that
          XTide prints on startup.

     -stats _d_a_t_e
          This option prints the minimum tide level, maximum tide
          level,  and  mean  tide  level  for  the  time interval
          between the -gstart date and the date provided after  -
          stats.   If  a  -gstart  date  was  not  specified, the
          current time is used.

     -version
          Print xtide's version string.

  Color Adjustment Options [tide and xtide]
     In ppm mode, colors must be specified as rgb:hh/hh/hh (where
     hh is a 2-byte hexidecimal number).

     -bg _c_o_l_o_r
         Change the background display  from  the  default  light
         blue to the specified _c_o_l_o_r.

     -fgfall _c_o_l_o_r
         In _c_l_o_c_k _m_o_d_e, change the falling tide display from  the
         default  green  to  the specified _c_o_l_o_r.  In _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e,
         change the color of ebb currents.

     -fgmark _c_o_l_o_r
         Change the color of the mark line (specified  by  -mark)
         from the default red to the specified _c_o_l_o_r.



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    8






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     -fgmiddle _c_o_l_o_r
         Change the color of the  middle  line  (specified  by  -
         middle) from the default yellow to the specified _c_o_l_o_r.

     -fgmllw _c_o_l_o_r
         Change the color of the mean lower low water level  line
         (specified  by  -mllw)  from  the  default  white to the
         specified _c_o_l_o_r.

     -fgrise _c_o_l_o_r
         In _c_l_o_c_k _m_o_d_e, change the rising tide display  from  the
         default  dark  blue  to  the specified _c_o_l_o_r.  This also
         controls the water level color in _g_r_a_p_h _m_o_d_e.

     -fgtext _c_o_l_o_r
         Change the color of the text from the default  black  to
         the specified _c_o_l_o_r.

  Display Adjustment Options [xtide only]
     -calib
          This option is useful in _c_l_o_c_k _m_o_d_e only.  When  -hairy
          has been specified, the hourly tick marks are synchron-
          ized with the current time.   This  option  forces  the
          tick marks to be calibrated to the start of the hour.

     -display _d_i_s_p
          This option specifies the  X  server  to  be  used  for
          display.  See X(7) for additional information.

     -test N
          This debugging option is useful in _c_l_o_c_k _m_o_d_e only.  It
          exercises the tidal clock display.

ENVIRONMENT
     HFILE
         If this environment variable is set,  it  specifies  the
         location  of the tidal _h_a_r_m_o_n_i_c_s database file, overrid-
         ing the program's default value.  The file location  may
         always  be  explicitly set using the -hfile command line
         option.

     LOCATION
         If this environment variable is set,  it  specifies  the
         geographic  location  to  be used for calculating tides,
         overriding the program's default value.  The  geographic
         location  may  always  be  explicitly  set  using  the -
         location command line option.

     TIDERC
         If this environment variable is set,  it  specifies  the
         configuration file to be read by tide.




CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                    9






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     XTIDERC
         If this environment variable is set,  it  specifies  the
         configuration file to be read by xtide.

FILES
     harmonics
         Database file containing the harmonic constant data  for
         various  location  throughout  the world.  The following
         harmonics         files          are          available:
         http://universe.digex.net/~dave/files/harmonics.gz;
         http://universe.digex.net/~dave/files/harmonics.canadian.gz;
         http://universe.digex.net/~dave/files/harmonics.admiralty.gz.

     config files
         xtide (tide) will attempt to read config  files  in  the
         following  order:   any  and  all config files specified
         with the -config switch; the config  file  specified  in
         the  environment  variable  XTIDERC (TIDERC); ~/.xtiderc
         (~/.tiderc); the system config file.   Only  one  config
         file  will be read, except if the -config switch is used
         multiple times.  Config files  take  effect  before  the
         command  line  is  processed  except for those specified
         with -config, which take effect at the place that  -con-
         fig  occurs in the command line.  The format of a config
         file is just like the  command  line,  except  that  you
         can't  do  anything  fancy.   Arguments can be delimited
         with double quotes, and # causes the rest of the line to
         be interpreted as comments.


         # Here is an example config file
         -loctz -location "Wherever I May Roam"
         -fgrise uglybrown  # Ugly brown is actually quite pretty



SEE ALSO
     ppm(1)

BUGS
     The node factors and  epoch  are  changed  abruptly  at  the
     stroke  of  midnight  on  New Year's Eve GMT.  This causes a
     slight discontinuity which may cause a spurious high or  low
     tide  prediction.   As  a corollary, on a graph spanning two
     years, the depth lines will be wrong for  one  year  or  the
     other.

     Because of the slackful matching used to find data  sets  in
     the  harmonics  file,  if  one data set has a name that is a
     prefix of the name of a second data set, such as "San  Fran-
     cisco"  and "San Francisco Current", then the first data set
     must appear earlier in the harmonics file, or it will not be



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                   10






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     selectable.   (Typing  "San  Francisco"  would  get you "San
     Francisco Current".)

     The -loctz switch is always broken to  some  degree  on  any
     machine that doesn't have Olson's zoneinfo database.

     Some versions of libc contain a broken  strftime  that  will
     occasionally  get  AM/PM  wrong.  One really bad old version
     contains a VERY broken strftime that will usually be off  by
     an hour.

     The function to center text occasionally does  a  less  than
     admirable  job.  In the Java applet, it always does a miser-
     able job.

     -uutc won't always work if you put it in a config file.

     -ps is not fully implemented.  The size  of  the  text  gen-
     erated  by -ps varies in inverse proportion to the amplitude
     of the tide.

     If different offsets are applied to high and  low  tides  in
     calendar mode, tide events may end up in the wrong day.

     If a -mark transition coincides exactly with a high  or  low
     tide, the tide will be reported one minute later.

REFERENCES
     _M_a_n_u_a_l _o_f _H_a_r_m_o_n_i_c _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s _a_n_d _P_r_e_d_i_c_t_i_o_n _o_f  _T_i_d_e_s.   Spe-
     cial  Publication  No.  98,  Revised (1940) Edition.  United
     States Government Printing Office, 1941.

     _C_o_m_p_u_t_e_r _A_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_s _t_o _T_i_d_e_s _i_n _t_h_e _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l _O_c_e_a_n _S_u_r_v_e_y.
     Supplement to the _M_a_n_u_a_l _o_f _H_a_r_m_o_n_i_c _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s _a_n_d _P_r_e_d_i_c_t_i_o_n
     _o_f _T_i_d_e_s (Special Publication No. 98).  National Ocean  Ser-
     vice,  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
     Department of Commerce, January 1982.

     Please      refer      to       the       XTide       README
     (http://universe.digex.net/~dave/xtide/xtide.html)  for more
     detailed documentation.

COPYRIGHT
     This software is copyright (c) 1995, 1996 by  David  Flater.
     The  software  is  free  and  its usage is covered under the
     terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  the
     Free  Software  Foundation; either version 2 of the License,
     or (at your option) any later version.

     This software is distributed in the hope  that  it  will  be
     useful,  but  _W_I_T_H_O_U_T _A_N_Y _W_A_R_R_A_N_T_Y; without even the implied
     warranty of _M_E_R_C_H_A_N_T_A_B_I_L_I_T_Y  or  _F_I_T_N_E_S_S  _F_O_R  _A  _P_A_R_T_I_C_U_L_A_R



CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                   11






XTIDE(1)                  User Commands                  XTIDE(1)



     _P_U_R_P_O_S_E.   See  the  GNU  General  Public  License  for more
     details.  You should have received a copy of the GNU General
     Public  License  along  with this program.  If not, write to
     the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675  Mass  Avenue,  Cam-
     bridge, MA 02139, USA.

AUTHORS
     The software was originally written and is  currently  main-
     tained by David Flater (dave@universe.digex.net).

     Additional contributors include:
         Bruce Bowler (BBowler@Bigelow.org),
         Tom Brown (tbrown@baremetal.com),
         Simon Burge (simonb@telstra.com.au),
         Edward J. Corbett (edc@unr.edu),
         Andrew Davidson (andrew.davidson@eng.sun.com),
         Alan Eugene Davis (adavis@kuentos.guam.net),
         Dale DePriest (daled@cadence.com),
         Mikhail Fridberg (fridberg@pfc.mit.edu),
         George (george@mech.seas.upenn.edu),
         Jack Greenbaum (jackg@crc.ricoh.com),
         Karl Hahn (hahn@lds.loral.com),
         Scott Hemphill (hemphill@alumni.caltech.edu),
         Bob Kenney (rmk@unh.edu),
         Geoff Kuenning (geoff@ficus.cs.ucla.edu),
         Jean-Pierre Lapointe (alupien@musicm.mcgill.ca),
         Rob Miracle (rwm@TanSoft.com),
         Dean Pentcheff (dean@tbone.biol.sc.edu),
         Jef Poskanzer (jef@acme.com),
         Graeme Rae (graeme@pelican.marine.fit.edu),
         Paul C. Roberts (paul@slothdom.demon.co.uk)
             and Alex (alex@slothdom.demon.co.uk),
         Greg Seidman (anthro@cs.umd.edu),
         Jeff Small (jeff@cjsa.com),
         Frank Smith (frank@nwra.com),
         Stan Uno (uno@tti.com),
         Tom Varga (tvarga@lsil.com) and
         Georg Vollmers (georg@egalize.han.de).

     This  manual  page  was  written   by   C.   Jeffery   Small
     (jeff@cjsa.com).   The  unprofessional-sounding  parts  were
     added later by David Flater.













CJS&A                Last change: 1996-06-04                   12



