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||         ELECTRONIC FLASHCARDS - BEGINNING JAPANESE          ||
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                 DOOZO YOROSHIKU HAJIMEMASHITE

The study of Japanese language and culture can be a rewarding, 
lifelong experience.  The complexity of the Japanese language 
cannot be denied but the basics of the language are not difficult 
to grasp.  English is a language with as many quirks (albeit 
different ones) as Japanese.                       

Even if you know all the rules of a language, you still can't 
communicate in it unless you have a vocabulary.  The only way to 
build a vocabulary is by rote memorization.  It was how you 
learned your basic addition and multiplication tables.  From that 
point on, you were able to use the rules of mathematics - to 
speak its language.                                      

Electronic Flashcards takes the same approach.  Just as you may 
have used flashcards in elementary school to master simple 
addition, we present a basic Japanese vocabulary.  Many of the 
lessons also present a number of the patterns necessary for 
expressing yourself in an appropriate Japanese sentence 
structure.  Study them.  Memorize them.  There is no substitute.

All material in the Electronic Flashcard system is presented in 
romaji (English character representation of Japanese syllables).  
On the computer screen, examples may be presented in Hiragana or 
Katakana as well as romaji.

The program presents a number of options for studying and 
reviewing the material.  Start by selecting Japanese to English 
translation.  Test yourself, sequentially at first, in one 
category at a time.  Graduate to random testing in one category, 
and finally to random testing throughout the entire lesson.  Then 
try the English to Japanese translation option using the same 
pattern of testing.

To keep costs of the product down, we have not printed fancy 
documentation, nor do we have a toll-free support phone number.  
Instead, we have made the programs as self-instructing as 
possible.  We encourage you to help us improve the product by 
sending your suggestions and/or questions to us at:


                        KAIZEN SOFTWARE
                        PO Box 1333
                        Richland, WA 99352



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||                    OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS                   ||
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In general, when running the program, do not type a carriage 
return enter key after your responses unless instructed by the 
symbol <ENTER>.    

                                                                     
           --------------- START - UP ----------------                

                                                                     
Boot your computer.  If using floppy disks, place the Electronic 
Flashcards disk into a disk drive that you are not using for the 
DOS operating system files, and set the default to that drive 
(e.g., B:  <ENTER>).  If using a hard disk, set the default to 
the hard disk subdirectory (e.g., CD \JAPANESE <ENTER>).

                                                                     
           ---------- RUNNING THE FLASHCARDS ---------                

                                                                     
To run the flashcard program type JAPANESE <ENTER>.  An 
introductory screen appears.  Type <ENTER> when finished reading 
it. A screen appears which asks you to specify how the examples 
will be presented to you. You may choose a range of examples; 
whether they should be displayed sequentially or randomly; 
whether the translations should be English -> Japanese, Japanese 
-> English, or mixed; whether kana and/or romaji should be 
displayed, and which of the kana symbol sets should be used.

After choosing the presentation options, the program will 
continuously present examples on the screen for you to translate.  
Type your answer followed by <ENTER>.  A suggested translation 
appears below your answer.  If you type X <ENTER> instead of an 
answer, the session is ended and you are returned to the lesson 
selection menu.  If you type R <ENTER>, a rule or hint will be 
presented below the bottom box and you will be given a second 
opportunity to make a translation (note: there are no rules or 
hints for the Phrases for Travellers lesson).  The speed at which 
the kana are drawn can be varied by typing S <ENTER>.  These 
responses also work when typed in response to the "Did you get it 
right?" question, but omit the <ENTER>.


           ----------- LISTING THE EXAMPLES -----------


With the full Electronic Flashcard system, list programs are 
included which allow customizable lists of the examples and 
translations (including kana) to be printed to the screen and 
Epson-graphics or HP-LaserJet compatible printers.  Epson is a 
registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation.  LaserJet is a  3m3 
registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard, Inc.


           ---------- NOTES ON KANA DISPLAY -----------


     Not all computers are capable of displaying the graphics 
required to present the Hiragana and Katakana on the screen.  
Generally, a graphics card and compatible monitor are necessary.  
For the IBM-PC/XT/AT and clones, these cards will follow what are 
known as CGA, EGA or VGA standard.  All IBM PS/2 computers follow 
the VGA standard.  Even if your computer does not have a graphics 
card, you can still display all the examples in romaji.  The 
following is a summary of the Electronic Flashcard program and 
the List program capabilities in each graphics mode. 

     NO GRAPHICS  - all displays are in romaji, no kana is possible.

     CGA GRAPHICS - examples, suggested translations, and your 
                    translation may be displayed in Hiragana or
                    Katakana.

     EGA GRAPHICS - same as CGA graphics.

     VGA GRAPHICS - same as CGA graphics.


     In CGA/EGA/VGA GRAPHICS mode, when typing in your 
translation your romaji characters will be translated into kana 
as you type them.  Certain conventions are required to reflect 
the proper kana equivalent for some romaji words.  These 
conventions are as follows:

     For the particle  o  : hold <ALT> and type  o     (or type wo)

     For the particle  e  : hold <ALT> and type  e     (or type he)

     For the particle  wa : hold <ALT> and type  wa    (or type ha)

     When the romaji   oo 
        becomes kana   ou : type o then hold <CTRL>    (or type ou)
                                    and type o

     Kana for ji based on
      chi rather than shi : type dji                   (or type di)

     For the Katakana
     elongated vowel mark
     for words of foreign
     origin               : type _    [underscore]

Typing the Del key will delete what you have typed and all associated
kana, and give you a chance to retype your response.

     These conventions are listed in the help information which can
be displayed in the program by typing H <ENTER> when the screen asks 
for your translation, or when the screen asks if you got it right.


                                             
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||                     DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY                  ||
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While Kaizen Software has invested considerable time and money to 
create a high quality product, the user must assume the risk of 
using this software.  There is no guarantee that the functions 
contained in the programs will meet your requirements or that the 
operation of the programs will be error free.

Kaizen Software makes no warranty of any kind, either express or 
implied, with respect to the design or use of the software program 
and/or the supporting documentation.  Kaizen Software expressly 
disclaims all warranties of merchantability and fitness for a 
particular purpose.  Kaizen Software provides the software 
program "as is" without warranty of any kind.

In no event will Kaizen Software be held liable for any loss, 
expenses, or damage, of any kind, whatsoever, whether direct, 
indirect, incidental, or consequential arising from the design or 
use of the software programs or supporting paper documentation.  
Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or 
consequential damages, so the above limitation may not apply to 
you.                                              



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||         ELECTRONIC FLASHCARDS - BEGINNING JAPANESE          ||
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||               Lessons in the complete system                ||
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    ------------------------  TERM 1  ------------------------
    LESSON A: Phrases for             Topics:  Conversation
              travellers                       Shopping
                                               Hotel and eating
                                               Sightseeing
    LESSON B: Basic sentence          Topics:  Polite verbs
              structure                        Particles
                                               Questions and answers
                                               Linking
    LESSON C: Noun drill              Topics:  People
              (vocabulary)                     Places
                                               Things 3\3 
                                               Abstract
    LESSON D: Verb drill              Topics:  Plain and polite forms
              (vocabulary)                     Non-past and past
                                               Affirmative and negative
         
    ------------------------  TERM 2  ------------------------
    LESSON E:  Noun Modifiers         Topics:  the Particle NO
                                               Qualitative nouns
                                               Adjectives
                                               Conjugation
    LESSON F:  Numbers and time       Topics:  Number drill
                                               Math and money
                                               Time
                                               Counters/classifiers
    LESSON G:  -TE verb forms         Topics:  -TE form drill
                                               -TE IMASU
                                               -TE patterns
    LESSON H:  Verb modifiers         Topics:  Adverbs
                                               Quantity
                                               Adjective/Adverb conversion
                                               SURU/NARU
             
    ------------------------  TERM 3  ------------------------
    LESSON I:  Relative clauses       Topics:  Relative clauses
                                               KOTO/NO
                                               Time clauses
                                               Purpose
    LESSON J:  Other verb forms       Topics:  Invitation/reporting
                                               Wanting/desiring
                                               Obligation
                                               Conditional
    LESSON K:  Questions and          Topics:  Interrogatives
               requests                        Requests
                                               Tentative statements
                                               Indirect questions       
    LESSON L:  Particles and          Topics:  NI/DE 
               connectives                     KA/MO/O
                                               Connectives


An order form can be printed on your printer by typing:

            PRINT ORDER.FRM    <ENTER>

(C) 1989, 1990 by Kaizen Software. All rights reserved.
 
