a (abl.)                      from / by                        ab (abl.)                     from / by                        abdo -ere -didi -ditum        to put away / hide               abduco -ere -duxi -ductum     to lead away / withdraw          abeo -ire -ii -itum           to go away                       abhibeo -re -ui -itum        to apply / bring to bear         abhinc                        ago                              abhorreo -re -ui -itum       to shrink from / be adverse to   abicio -ere -ieci -iectum     to throw away                    abies  abietis  f.            fir tree / spruce                abiungo -ere -iunxi -iunctum  to unyoke / separate / part      aboleo -ere -evi -itum        to abolish / destroy             abrumpo -ere -rupi -ruptum    to break off                     abscido -ere -cidi -cisum     to cut off                       absconditus -a -um            hidden / secret                  absens -sentis                absent / away                    abstineo -re -stinui -stentumto hold back / refrain from      abstinentia -ae  f.           abstinence / self-denial         absolvo -ere -solvi -solutum  to loosen / free                 absum -esse afui afuturus     to be absent                     absumo -ere -sumpsi -sumptum  to reduce / consume / destroy    abundo -are -avi -atum        to overflow / abound in          abutor -uti -usus sum         to use up / misuse / waste       ac                            and / as / than                  accedo -ere -cessi -cessurus  to go toward / approach          accendo -ere -cendi -censum   to set fire to / excite          acceptus -a -um               acceptable / welcome / dear      accessus -s  m.              approach / access                accido -ere cidi              to fall upon / happen            accingo -ere -cinxi -cinctum  to gird / arm / make ready       accipio -ere -cepi -ceptum    to receive                       acclamatio -onis  f.          shout / heckling                 acclivis -e                   sloping / uphill / rising        accommodo -are -avi -atum     to adjust / adapt                accumbo -ere -cubui -cubitum  to lie on / recline (at table)   accurrate                     carefully                        accurro - ere -curri -cursum  to run up to                     accusatio -onis  f.           accusation / indictment          accusator -oris  m.           accuser                          accuso -are -avi -atum        to accuse                        acer  acris  acre             sharp / bitter / eager           acerbitas -tatis  f.          harshness                        acerbus -a -um                bitter / harsh                   acetaria -orum  n             salad                            acetum -i  n.                 vinegar                          acies  aciei  f.              sharp edge / line of battle       acquiro -ere -sivi -situm     to acquire / gain                acriter                       keenly / fiercely                actio -onis  f.               act / proposal                   activitas -atis  f.           activity                         actrix -icis  f.              actress                          actor -oris  m.               actor                            acumen -minis  n.             sharpness / cunning              acuo -ere  acui  acutum       to sharpen                       acutus -a -um                 sharpened / sharp                ad (acc.)                     to / toward                      adaequo -are -avi -atum       to make equal to / be equal to   adamas -antis  m.             adamant / hardest iron / steel   adamo -are -avi -atum         to fall in love with / covet     addisco -ere -didici          to learn in addition             addo -are -didi -ditum        to add / join to                 adduco -ere -duxi -ductum     to lead to / induce              adeo                          thus far / so / so much          adeo -ire -ii -itum           to approach / go to              adfero -ferre attuli allatum  to bring                         adficio -ere -feci -fectum    to affect / afflict / weaken     adhaereo -re -haesi -haesum  to stick to / adhere             adhibeo -re -ui -itum        to use / apply                   adhuc                         thus far / up until now          adicio -ere -ieci -iectum     to throw to / add                adigo -ere -egi -actum        to drive / hurl / approach       adimo -ere -emi -emptum       to take away / remove            adipiscor  adipisci  adeptum  to gain / obtain / acquire       aditus -s  m.                entrance                         adiungo -ere -iunxi -iunctum  to join / attach                 adiuvo -are -iuvi -iutum      to help                          adligo -are -avi -atum        to bind to                       administro -are -avi -atum    to govern                        admirabilis -e                wonderful                        admiratio -onis f.            admiration / surprise / wonder   admiror -ari -atus sum        to wonder at / admire            admitto -ere -misi -missum    to admit / receive               admodum                       fully / just / very              admoneo -ere -ui -itum        to advise / warn                 adnumero -are -avi -atum      to count out / pay               adnuo -ere -nui               to nod assent                    adolesco -ere -evi -ultum     to grow up / reach maturity      adoperio -ire -ui -tum        to cover up / close              adopto -are -avi -atum        to wish for oneself / adopt      adorior -iri -ortum           to attack                        adoro -are -avi -atum         to worship                       adsequor -sequi -secutum      to attain / accomplish           adsideo -re  assedi  assessumto sit near                      adsiduus -a -um               continual / constant             adsuesco -ere -suevi -suetum  to grow accustomed               adsum -esse -fui -futurus     to be present                    adulatio -onis  f.            flattery                         adulescens -entis m./f.       young man or woman               adulescentia -ae f.           youth                            adultus -a -um                grown up / mature / adult        aduncus -a -um                curved / hooked                  aduro -ere -ussi -ustum       to set on fire / kindle          advena -ae  m./f.             foreigner / stranger             advenio -ire -veni -ventum    to arrive / come to              adventus -s  m.              arrival / approach               adversarius -i  m.            opponent                         adversus (acc.)               toward / facing / against        adversus -a -um               hostile / opposite               adverto -ere -verti -versum   to turn to / direct              advocatus -i  m.              advocate                         advoco -are -avi -atum        to summon / call                 advolo -are -avi -atum        to fly to / hasten to            aedes -is  f.                 temple                           aedificium -i  n.             building / house                 aedifico -are -avi -atum      to build                         aeger -gra -grum              sick / feeble                    aegre                         hardly / scarcely                aegroto -are -avi -atum       to be sick                       aegrotus -a -um               sick                             aeneus -a -um                 made of bronze                   aequinoctium -i  n.           equinox                          aequitas -tatis  f.           justice                          aequo -are -avi -atum         to make equal                    aequor -oris  n.              sea                              aequus -a -um                 equal / fair                     aer  aeris  m.                air                              aerarium  aerari  n.          treasury                         aes  aeris  n.                copper / bronze / money          aestas -atis  f.              summer                           aestimo -are -avi -atum       to estimate / value              aestuarium -i  n.             place overflowed at high tide    aestuo -are -avi -atum        to seethe / boil                 aestus -s  m.                heat / tide                      aetas -atis  f.               age                              aeternus -a -um               eternal                          aether -eris  m.              upper air / heaven               aetherius -a -um              heavenly / ethereal              aevum -i  n.                  age / lifetime                   affero -ferre attuli allatum  to bring to / produce            afficio -ere -feci -fectum    to influence                     affligo -ere -flexi -flectum  to afflict / hurt                affor -ari -fatus sum         to speak to / address            ager  agri  m.                field                            agger -eris  m.               mound / rampart                  aggredior -gredi -gressus sum to attack                        aggrego -are -avi -atum       to bring together / join         agilis -e                     agile / nimble                   agito -are -avi -atum         to chase / hunt                  agmen -inis  n.               line of battle / procession      agnosco -ere -novi -nitum     to recognize                     agnus -i  m.                  sheep / lamb                     ago  agere  egi  actum        to do / drive / perform          agricola -ae  m.              farmer                           agricultura -ae f.            agriculture                      ait  aiunt                    he says / they say               ala -ae f.                    wing                             alacer -cris -cre             lively / eager / glad            alacritas -tatis  f.          liveliness / enthusiasm          albus -a -um                  white                            alces -is  f.                 elk                              ales -itis  m./f.             bird                             alias                         on another occasion              alienus -a -um                belonging to another / foreign   alii ... alii                 some ... others                  alimentum -i  n.              food / nourishment               alio                          to another place / elsewhere     alioqui                       otherwise                        aliquamdiu                    at some time / once              aliquando                     sometimes / at some time         aliquantum -i  n.             a considerable amount            aliqui  aliqua  aliquod       some                             aliquis  aliquid              someone / something           	   aliquo                        to some place                    aliquot                       some / several                   aliter                        otherwise                        alius  alia  aliud            another / other                  alligo -are -avi -atum        to tie up                        almus -a -um                  kind / generous                  alo  alere  alui  alitum      to nourish / feed                altaria -ium  n.              high altar                       alter -a -um                  the one / the other              altitudo -inis  f.            height / depth                   altum -i  n.                  sea / the deep                   altus -a -um                  high / deep                      aluta -ae  f.                 soft leather                     alveus -i  m.                 hollow / cavity                  amabilis -e                   lovable                          amans -tis                    loving                           amarus -a -um                 bitter                           ambactus -i  m.               vassal / dependent               amator -oris  m.              lover                            ambitio -onis  f.             ambition                         ambitiosus -a -um             ambitious                        ambo -ae -o                   both / two together              ambulo -are -avi -atum        to walk                          amen                          amen / so be it                  amens -entis                  senseless / foolish / mad        amentia -ae  f.               madness / insanity               amica -ae f.                  friend                           amice                         in a friendly manner             amicitia -ae  f.              friendship                       amictus -s  m.               cloak / wrap                     amiculum -i  n.               cloak                            amicus -a -um                 friendly                         amicus -i  m.                 friend                           amitto -ere -misi -missum     to lose                          amnis -is  m.                 river                            amo -are -avi -atum           to love                          amor -oris  m.                love                             amoveo -re -movi -motum      to move away / remove            amphitheatrum -i  n.          amphitheater                     amphora -ae f.                amphora / wine-jar               amplector -plecti -plectus sumto embrace                       amplifico -are -avi -atum     to make large / increase         amplitudo -dinis  f.          size / greatness / dignity       amplius                       more / farther                   amplus -a -um                 great / splendid                 an                            or                               anas -atis  f.                duck                             anceps -cipitis               two-headed / double              ancilla -ae f.                maid                             ancora -ae f.                 anchor                           angelus -i  m.                angel                            angina -ae f.                 sore throat                      anguis -is  m./f.             snake                            angulus -i  m.                corner                           angustiae -arum  f.pl.        narrow pass / difficulties       anguste                       closely / sparingly              angustiae -arum  f.pl.        narrow place / straits           angustum -i  n.               crisis                           angustus -a -um               narrow / difficult               anima -ae  f.                 breath / soul                    animadverto -ere              to notice / punish               animal -alis  n.              animal                           animus -i  m.                 spirit / mind                    annotinus -a -um              last year's                      annus -a um                   yearly / annual                  annus -i  m.                  year                             anser -eris  m.               goose                            ante (acc.)                   before / in front of             ante                          before / formerly                antea                         formerly                         anteeo -ire -ii               to go before / excel             antepono -ere -posui -positum to put before / prefer           antequam                      before                           antiquo -are -avi -atum       to reject a bill or law          antiquus -a -um               old / ancient                    antrum -  n.                  cave                             anulus -i  m.                 ring                             anxius -a -um                 anxious / troubled               aper  apri  m.                wild boar                        aperio aperire aperui apertum to open                          apertus -a -um                open / unprotected               apparatus -s  m.             equipment                        appareo -re -ui -itum        to become visible / appear       appello -are -avi -atum       to call by name                  appelo -ere -puli -pulsum     to drive to / bring in / land    appetentia -ae  f.            appetite                         appeto -ere -ivi -itum        to seek after / desire           applico -are -avi -atum       to fold / join                   appono -ere -posui -positum   to put down / place near         approbo -are -avi -atum       to approve                       appropinquo -are -avi -atum   to approach                      apricus -a -um                sunny / light / open             apto -are -avi -atum          to adapt / apply                 aptus -a -um                  suited                           apud (acc.)                   near / at the house of           aqua -ae f.                   water                            aquaductus -s  m.            aquaduct                         aquaticus -a -um              aquatic / living in water        aquatio -onis  f.             obtaining water                  aquila -ae f.                 eagle / standard                 aquilifer -i  m.              standard-bearer                  aquilo -onis  m.              north wind                       ara -ae f.                    altar                            aranea -ae  f.                spider's web                     arator -oris  m.              plowman                          aratrum -i  n.                plough                           arbitrium -i  n.              judgment                         arbitror -ari -atum           to think                         arbor -oris  f.               tree                             arboreus -a -um               treelike                         arca -ae f.                   box / chest                      arceo -ere -ui                to ward off / keep away          arcesso -ere -ivi -itum       to summon / send for             architectus -i  m.            builder / architect              arcus -s  m.                 bow                              ardeo -re  arsi  arsum       to burn / be on fire             ardor -oris  m.               flame / burning / heat           arduus -a -um                 steep / difficult                area -ae  f.                  courtyard                        arena -ae  f.                 sand / arena                     argenteus -a -um              made of silver                   argentum -i n.                silver / money                   argumentum -i  n.             proof / evidence                 arguo -ere -ui -utum          to declare / prove / accuse      aridum -i  n.                 dry land / shore                 aridus -a -um                 dry / arid                       aries -etis  m.               ram / battering-ram              arma -orum  n.pl.             arms / weapons                   armamenta -orum  n.pl.        implements / equipment           armarium -ii  n.              chest / cupboard                 armilla -ae  f.               bracelet                         armo -are -avi -atum          to equip / arm with weapons      aro -are -avi -atum           to plough / till                 arripio -ere -ripui -reptum   to snatch / seize                arrogantia -ae  f.            arrogance                        ars  artis  f.                skill / art                      articulus -i  m.              joint / knuckle                  artifex  artificis  m.        artist                           artificum -i  n.              art / trade / skill              artus -s  m.                 limb                             arvum -i  n.                  field / cultivated land          arx  arcis  f.                citadel / fortress               as  assis  m.                 small copper coin                ascendo -ere -scendi -scensum to climb up                      ascensus -s  m.              ascent / approach                asiduus -a -um                continual / constant             asinus -i  m.                 donkey                           asparagus -i  m.              asparagus                        asper -era -erum              rough / harsh                    aspergo -ere -spersi -spersum to scatter / sprinkle            aspicio -ere -spexi -spectum  to look at / face                assentator -oris  m.          yes-man                          assentio -ire -sensi -sensum  to agree                         assidue                       continually                      assiduus -a -um               constant / steady                assisto -ere  astiti          to stand near / stand by         assuefacio -ere -feci -factum to accustom / familiarize        assuesco -ere -suevi -suetum  to become accustomed to          ast                           but / however                    asto -are  astiti             to stand near                    astrologus -i  m.             astrologer                       astrum -i  n.                 constellation                    astutus -a -um                sly / clever / crafty            asylum -i  n.                 place of refuge                  at                            but / however                    ater  atra  atrum             dark                             athleta -ae  m.               athlete                          atque                         and / as / than                  atqui                         and yet / still                  atramentum -i  n.             ink                              atrium -i  n.                 atrium                           atrox  atrocis                savage / fierce / cruel          attendo -ere -tendi -tentum   to listen to / pay attention     attente                       attentively                      attingo -ere attigi attactum  to touch / reach                 attolo -ere                   to lift up / raise / elevate     attonitus -a -um              astonished                       attribuo -ere -ui -utum       to assign / allot                auctionarius -i  m.           auctioneer                       auctor -oris  m.              author / originator / sponsor    auctoritas -tatis  f.         authority / prestige             audacia -ae f.                daring/boldness                  audacter                      boldly / recklessly              audax  audacis                bold / reckless                  audencia -ae  f.              boldness / courage               audeo -re  ausus sum         to dare / venture                audio -ire -ivi -itum         to hear                          auditor -oris  m.             hearer / listener / scholar      aufero -ferre abstuli ablatum to carry away                    aufugio -ere -fugi            to flee away / escape            augeo -re  auxi  auctum      to increase / augment            augurium -i  n.               augury / omen / prophecy         auguror -ari -atus sum        to foretell / predict            aula -ae  f.                  palace                           aura -ae  f.                  breeze / wind                    auratus -a -um                gilded / gold-plated             aureus -a -um                 golden                           auricula -ae  f.              earlobe                          auriga -ae  m.                charioteer / driver              auris -is  f.                 ear                              aurum -i  n.                  gold / money                     ausculto -are -avi -atum      to listen to / hear              auspicium  auspici  n.        augery / omen                    aut                           or                               aut ... aut ...               either ... or ...                autem                         however                          autumnus -i  m.               autumn                           auxilior -ari -atus sum       to give aid / help               auxilium -i  n.               help / aid                       avaritia -ae  f.              greed / avarice                  avarus -a -um                 avaricious                       avarus -i  m.                 miser                            ave                           hail!                         
   aveho -ere -vexi -vectum      to carry away                    avena -ae  f.                 reed / stalk                     aversus -a -um                turned away / behind             averto -ere -verti -versum    to turn away / avert             avia -ae  f.                  grandmother                      avide                         eagerly / avidly                 aviditas -tatis  f.           eagerness / greed                avidus -a -um                 eager                            avis -is  f.                  bird                             avitus -a -um                 of a grandfather / ancestral     avoco -are -avi -atum         to call away / divert            avunculus -i  m.              uncle                            avus -i  m.                   grandfather                      axis -is  m.                  axle / wheel / chariot           baca -ae  f.                  berry                            baculum -i  n.                staff / walking stick            badius -a -um                 chestnut colored                 balaena -ae  f.               whale                            balbus -a -um                 stammering / stuttering          balneum -i  n.                bath                             balo -are -avi -atum          to bleat                         balteus -i  m.                sword belt                       barba -ae  f.                 beard                            barbarus -a -um               foreign / uncultivated           barbarus -i  m.               barbarian                        basium -i  n.                 kiss                             beatus -a -um                 blessed / prosperous             bellicosus -a -um             warlike                          bellicus -a -um               military                         bello -are -avi -atum         to wage war                      bellum -i  n.                 war                              bellus -a -um                 handsome / agreeable             belua -ae  f.                 beast / monster                  bene                          well                             benefactum -i  n.             good deed                        beneficium -i  n.             kindness / favor / benefit       benevolentia -ae  f.          good will                        benignitas -atis  f.          kindness                         benignus -a  -um              kindly / gracious                bestia -ae f.                 animal/beast                     bibliotheca -ae f.            library                          bibo -ere  bibi  bibitum      to drink                         biduum -i  n.                 period of two days               biennium -i  n.               period of two years              bini -ae -a                   two at a time                    bis                           twice                            blanditia -ae  f.             compliment / charm / flattery    blandus -a -um                tranquil / quiet / flattering    bonitas -tatis  f.            goodness / fertility             bonus -a -um                  good                             bos  bovis  m./f.             ox / bull / cow                  brachae -arum  f.pl.          pants / trousers                 bracchium -i  n.              arm                              brevis -e                     short / brief                    brevitas -tatis  f.           brevity                          breviter                      briefly                          bruma -ae  f.                 winter solstice / winter         bubo -onis  m./f.             owl                              bucina -ae  f.                trumpet / horn                   bulla -ae  f.                 amulet / charm                   bustum -i  n.                 pyre / tomb                      buxus -i  f.                  boxwood                          cachinnans -antis             laughing / cackling              cachinno -are -avi -atum      to laugh / cackle                cachinnus -i  m.              laughter                         cacumen -inis  n.             end / point / peak / summit      cadaver -eris  n.             cadaver / corpse                 cado -ere cecidi casurus      to fall                          caecus -a -um                 blind                            caedes -is  f.                slaughter / murder               caedo -ere  cecidi  caesum    to cut / kill                    caelestis -e                  heavenly / celestial             caelum -i  n.                 sky                              caerimonia -ae  f.            ceremony                         caeruleus -a -um              dark blue                        caesus -a -um                 killed                           calamitas -atis  f.           disaster                         calamus -i  m.                pen                              calceus -i  m.                shoe                             calco -are -avi -atum         to step on                       calculus -i  m.               pebble                           calidus -a -um                warm / hot                       caliga -ae f.                 boot                             caligo -inis  f.              darkness / gloom                 callidus -a -um               shrewd / clever                  calor -oris  m.               heat                             calvus -a -um                 bald                             camelus -i  m.                camel                            campus -i  m.                 plain / field                    candela -ae  f.               candle                           candelabrum -i  n.            lamp-stand / candelabrum         candidatus -i  m.             candidate                        candidus -a -um               shining / bright / white         caninus -a -um                canine                           canis -is  m./f.              dog                              canistrum -i  n.              basket                           cano -ere cecini cantum       to sing                          canto -are -avi -atum         to sing                          cantor -oris  m.              singer                           cantrix -icis  f.             singer (f.)                      cantus -s  m.                song                             canus -a -um                  whitish-grey / old / venerable   caper -pri  m.                goat                             capillus -i  m.               hair                             capio -ere  cepi  captum      to take / capture                capra -ae   f.                she-goat                         captivus -a -um               captive / taken prisoner         captivus -i  m.               captive / prisoner               capto -are -avi -atum         to grab / seek to get            captus -a -um                 captured / caught                caput -itis  n.               head                             carbo -onis  m.               coal / charcoal                  carcer -eris  m.              prison / jail                    carceres -ium  m.             starting gate                    cardo -inis  m.               hinge / door                     careo -re -ui -itum (abl.)   to be without / lack             carina -ae  f.                ship / keel of the ship          caritas -tatis  f.            affection                        carmen -inis  n.              song                             carnifex -ficis  m.           executioner                      caro  carnis  f.              flesh / meat                     carota -ae  f.                carrot                           carpo -ere  carpsi  carptum   to pluck / seize                 carrus -i  m.                 cart                             carus -a -um                  dear                             casa -ae f.                   hut / cabin                      caseus -i  m.                 cheese                           cassis -idis  f.              metal helmet                     castellum -i  n.              fortress                         castigo -are -avi -atum       to scold / nag                   castra -ae f.                 camp                             casus -s  m.                 chance / accident                catena -ae  f.                chain                            catenae -arum  f.pl.          chains / fetters                 caterva -ae  f.               crowd / troop                    cathedra -ae  f.              easy chair / professor's chair   cauda -ae f.                  tail                             caudex -icis  m.              blockhead / idiot                caupo -onis  m.               innkeeper                        causa -ae f.                  cause / reason                   caus (gen.)                  for the sake of                  caute                         cautiously                       cautes -is  f.                jagged rock / cliff              cautus -a -um                 cautious / wary / careful        cavea -ae  f.                 cave                             caveo -re  cavi  cautum      to beware / take care            caverna -ae  f.               cave                             cavum -i  n.                  hole                             cavus -a -um                  hollow                           cavus -i  m.                  hole                             cedo -ere  cessi  cessurus    to go / move / yield             celeber -bra -brum            crowded / thronged / famous      celebro -are -avi -atum       to celebrate                     celer -is -e                  quick / fast                     celeritas -tatis  f.          speed / swiftness                celeriter                     swiftly / quickly                cella -ae f.                  storeroom                        cellarius -ii  m.             house steward                    celo -are -avi -atum          to hide / conceal                celsus -a -um                 lofty / high                     cena -ae f.                   dinner                           cenaculum -i  n.              eating-room / attic              ceno -are -avi -atum          to dine                          censeo -re  censui  censum   to tax / think                   censor -oris  m.              censor                           census -s  m.                count / enumeration              centaurus -i  m.              centaur                          centum                        hundred                          centurio -onis  m.            centurion                        cera -ae f.                   wax                              cerasum -i  n.                cherry                           ceratus -a -um                made of wax                      cerno -ere  crevi  cretum     to discern / distinguish         certamen -inis  n.            struggle / contest               certe                         at least / certainly             certo -are -avi -atum         to compete                       certus -a -um                 certain / definite               cerva -ae  f.                 deer / hind                      cervix -icis  f.              neck and shoulders               cervus -i  m.                 stag / deer                      cesso -are -avi -atum         to linger / idle / tarry         ceteri -ae -a                 all the others                   ceterus -a -um                the other                        charta -ae  f.                papyrus / paper                  cibaria -orum  n.pl.          provisions / rations             cibus -i  m.                  food                             cicada -ae  f.                cricket / grasshopper            ciconia -ae  f.               stork                            cicuta -ae  f.                hemlock                          cieo -re  civi  citum        to arrouse / summon              cingo -ere  cinxi  cinctum    to surround                      cingulum -i  n.               belt                             cinis -eris  m.               ashes                            circa (acc.)                  around                           circenses -ium  m.pl.         Circus games                     circiter                      about / near                     circiter (acc.)               about / near                     circuitus -s  m.             a way around / circuit           circulus -i  m.               circle                           circum (acc.)                 around                           circumdo -dare -dedi -datum   to put around / surround         circumeo -ire -ii -itum       to go around / surround          circumfero -ferre -tuli -latumto bring around / spread         circumsisto -ere -steti       to surround / stand around       circumspecto -are -avi -atum  to look around                   circumspicio -ere             to look about / survey           circumsto -are -steti         to stand around / encircle       circumvenio -ire -veni -ventumto surround                      circus -i  m.                 race-track                       citatus -a -um                rapid                            citerior  citerius            nearer / on this side            citharoedus -i  m.            zither player                    cito                          quickly                          citra (acc.)                  on this side of                  civilis -e                    civil / of citizens              civis -is  m./f.              citizen                          civitas -tatis  f.            citizenship                      clades -is  f.                disaster / injury / loss         clam                          secretly                         clamo -are -avi -atum         to shout                         clamor -oris  m.              shout / noise                    clarus -a -um                 clear / bright / famous          classis -is  f.               fleet of ships                   claudico -are -avi -atum      to be lame / become limp         claudo -ere  clausi  clausum  to close                         clavus -i  m.                 nail / spike                     clemens -entis                calm / gentle / merciful         clementia -ae  f.             mildness / mercy                 cliens -entis  m.             dependent / client               clientela -ae  f.             clients / dependents             clivus -i  m.                 sloping street                   coctilis -e                   baked (bricks)                   coemo -ere -emi -emptum       to buy up / purchase             coeo -ire -ii -itum           to come together / join          coepi  coepisse  coeptum      to have begun / began            coerceo -re -ui -itum        to enclose / restrain            cogito -are -avi -atum        to consider / think about        cognatio -onis  f.            blood-relationship / kindred     cognosco -ere -novi -nitum    to get to know / find out        cogo -ere  coegi  coactum     to collect / compel              cohors  cohortis  f.          cohort                           cohortatio -onis  f.          encouraging / urging             cohortor -ari -atus sum       to urge / encourage              collaudo -are -avi -atum      to praise                        collectus -a -um              gathered / assembled             collega -ae  m.               colleague                        collegium -i  n.              colleagues                       colligo -are -avi -atum       to bind together / fasten        colligo -ere -legi -lectum    to gather together / collect     collis -is  m.                hill                             colloco -are -avi -atum       to place / put                   colloquium -i  n.             conversation                     colloquor -loqui -locutus sum to talk with / confer            collum -i  n.                 neck                             colo -ere  colui  cultum      to till / cultivate              colonia -ae  f.               colony / settlement              colonus -i  m.                settler                          color -oris  m.               color                            coluber -bri  m.              snake                            columba -ae f.                dove                             coma -ae  f.                  hair                             comburo -ere -bussi -bustum   to burn up / consume by fire     comes -itis  m.               companion                        cominor -ari -atus sum        to threaten                      comitatus -s  m.             company                          comitia -orum  n.             assembly / election              comitor -ari -atus sum        to accompany / attend            commeatus -s  m.             trip / supplies                  commemoro -are -avi -atum     to remind / relate / mention     commendo -are -avi -atum      to entrust / commend             commentarius -i  m.           notebook / source book           commeo -are -avi -atum        to go to and fro / resort to     commericium -i  n.            trade / commerce                 commilito -onis  m.           fellow-soldier / comrade         commisceo -ere -miscui -mixtumto intermingle / join            commitatus -a -um             retinue / followers              committo -ere -misi -missum   to entrust                       commode                       conveniently / suitably          commodus -a -um               suitable / convenient            commoror -ari -atus sum       to delay                         commotus -a -um               moved / upset / excited          commoveo -re -movi -motum    to move / influence / alarm      communico -are -avi -atum     to share / impart                communio -ire -ivi -itum      to fortify                       communis -e                   common / shared / universal      commutatio -onis  f.          complete change / alteration     commuto -are -avi -atum       to change / alter / exchange     comparo -are -avi -atum       to arrange / obtain              compello -ere -puli -pulsum   to drive together / compel       comperio -ire -peri -pertum   to find out / discover           competitor -oris  m.          competitor                       complector -i  complexus sum  to embrace                       compleo -re -plevi -pletum   to fill / man                    complexus -s  m.             embrace                          complures -a                  several / a good many            compluvium -i  n.             skylight                         compono -ere -posui -positum  to settle / arrange              comporto -are -avi -atum      to bring together / collect      comprehendo -ere              to seize / grasph / understand   computo -are -avi -atum       to count / do figures            conatus -s  m.               undertaking                      concedo -ere -cessi -cessum   to yield / grant / concede       concido -ere -cidi            to fall down / collapse          concilio -are -avi -atum      to win over                      concilium -i  n.              council / assembly               concipio -ere -cepi -captum   to conceive                      concito -are -avi -atum       to arouse                        conclamo -are -avi -atum      to shout                         conclave -is  n.              room                             concludo -ere -clusi -clusum  to close up / conclude           concordia -ae f.              agreement / harmony              concordo -are -avi -atum      to agree                         concretio -onis  f.           growing together / material      concurro -ere -curri -cursum  to run together                  condemno -are -avi -atum      to condemn                       condicio -onis  f.            agreement / condition            conditio -onis  f.            terms / condition                conditor -oris  m.            founder / author                 condo -ere  condidi  conditum to found (city)                  condo -ere -didi -ditum       to hide / conceal                conduco -ere -duxi -ductum    to hire                          confectus -a -um              finished                         confero -ferre -tuli collatum to bring together / collect      confertus -a -um              thick / crowded together         confestim                     immediately                      conficio -ere -feci -fectum   to finish / complete             confido -ere -fisus sum (dat.)to have confidence in            confirmatio -onis  f.         verifying of facts / proof       confirmo -are -avi -atum      to strengthen                    confiteor -fitri -fessus sum to confess                       confligo -ere -flixi -flictum to struggle / contest            conformo -are -avi -atum      to shape                         congredior -gredi -gressus sumto meet                          congrego -are -avi -atum      to gather together / assemble    conicio -ere -ieci -iectum    to throw                         coniectus -s  m.             a throw                          coniugium -i  n.              marriage                         coniungo -ere -iunxi -iunctum to join                          coniunx  coniugis  m./f.      husband / wife                   coniuratio -onis  f.          conspiracy                       coniuratus -i  m.             conspirator                      coniuro -are -avi -atum       to conspire / plot               conor -ari  conatus sum       to try                           conquiro -ere                 to search for / collect          conscendo -ere                to climb / embark                conscientia -ae f.            conscience                       conscius -e                   conscious / aware of             conscribo -ere                to enrol / enlist                consecro -are -avi -atum      to dedicate                      consensus -s  m.             agreement / unanimity            consentio -ire -sensi -sensum to agree                         conseo -re -ui  censum       to express an opinion / vote     consequor -sequi -secutum     to follow up / accomplish        consero -ere -ui -sertum      to connect / tie / join          conservo -are -avi -atum      to save / keep                   considero -are -avi -atum     to contemplate                   consido -ere -sedi -sessum    to sit down                      consilium -i  n.              plan / advice                    consisto -ere -stiti          to halt / stand still            consobrinus -i  m.            cousin                           consolatio -onis  f.          consolation / comfort            conspicio -ere -spexi -spectumto see / perceive                conspicor -ari -atum          to catch sight of                constantia -ae  f.            determination / persistance      constat -are -stitit          it is well known                 constituo -ere -ui -utum      to set up / decide               consto -are -stiti -staturus  to consist of                    consuesco -ere -suevi -suetum to become accustomed             consuetudo -inis  f.          custom / habit                   consul -is  m.                consul                           consularis -e                 consular                         consulatus -s  m.            consulship                       consulo -ere -ui -sultum      to ask advise of / consult       consultum -i  n.              decree                           consumo -ere -sumpsi -sumptum to eat / consume                 contemno -ere -tempsi -temptumto despise / value little        contemptio -onis  f.          contempt                         contendo -ere -tendi -tentum  to strive for / struggle         contentio -onis  f.           argument                         contentus -a -um              satisfied                        contexo -ere -texui -textum   to weave together / construct    continens -entis  m.          continent                        contineo -re -ui contentum   to hold together / keep          contingit -ere  contigit      to happen                        contingo -ere -tigi -tentum   to hold together / contain       continuo                      immediately / right away         continuus -a -um              successive                       contio -onis  f.              assembly / address               contra (acc.)                 against                          contra                        on the contrary                  contraho -ere -traxi -tractum to draw together / contract      contravenio -ire -veni -ventumto assemble                      contravenit                   it is befitting                  controversia -ae  f.          dispute / quarrel                contumelia -ae f.             insult / outrage                 conturbo -are -avi -atum      to throw into confusion          convenio -ire -veni -ventum   to come together                 conversatio -onis  f.         conversation                     conventus -s  m.             assembly / meeting               converto -ere -verti -versum  to turn / turn about             convicium -i  n.              insult                           convivium -i  n.              feast / party                    convoco -are -avi -atum       to assemble                      coorior  cooriri  coortus sum to arise                         copia -ae f.                  supply / abundance               copiae -arum  f.pl.           forces / troops                  copiose                       fully / at length / copiously    copiosus -a -um               abundant / rich / full           coqua -ae  f.                 cook (f.)                        coquo -ere  coxi  coctum      to cook                          coquus -i  m.                 cook                             cor  cordis  n.               heart                            coram                         in person / face to face         corn -s  n.                 horn / antler / wing (army)      corona -ae f.                 crown                            corpus -oris  n.              body                             corrigo -ere -rexi -rectum    to make right / correct          corripio -ere -ripui -reptum  to seize / snatch up             corrumpo -ere -rupi -ruptum   to spoil / corrupt / waste       corvus -i  m.                 raven / crow                     cotidianus -a -um             daily / usual                    cotidie                       daily                            cottidie                      daily / every day                cras                          tomorrow                         crassus -a -um                fat                              crastinus -a -um              tomorrow's                       creatio -onis  f.             creation                         creator -oris  m.             creator                          creatura -ae  f.              creature                         creber -bra -brum             crowded / thick / frequent       creditor -oris  m.            creditor                         credo -ere  credidi  creditum to believe / trust               creo -are -avi -atum          to elect                         cresco -ere  crevi  cretum    to grow                          crimen -inis  n.              fault / guilt                    crines -ium  n.pl.            hair                             croceus -a -um                yellow                           crocodilus -i  m.             crocodile                        cruciatus -s  m.             torture                          crudelis -e                   cruel                            crudelitas -atis  f.          cruelty                          crudus -a -um                 crude                            cruentus -a -um               bloody / blood-thirsty           crus  cruris  n.              leg                              crustularius -i  n.           pastry baker                     crustulum -i  n.              pastry / cookie                  crustum -i  n.                cake / bread                      crux  crucis  f.              cross                            cubiculum -i  n.              bedroom                          cucumis -eris  m.             cucumber                         culina -ae f.                 kitchen                          culpa -ae f.                  blame / fault                    culpo -are -avi -atum         to blame                         culter -tris  m.              knife                            cultura -ae f.                cultivation                      cultus -s  m.                adornment / dress / education    cum (abl.)                    with                             cum                           when / since / although          cum primum                    as soon as possible              cumulus -i  m.                pile                             cunctatio -onis  f.           delay                            cunctator -oris  m.           delayer                          cunctor -ari -atum            to hesitate / delay              cunctus -a -um                all                              cuniculus -i  m.              rabbit                           cupide                        eagerly                          cupido -inis  f.              desire                           cupidus -a -um                desirous / eager / fond          cupio -ere  cupivi  cupitum   to desire / long for             cupitas -tatis  f.            eagerness / greed                cur                           why                              cura -ae f.                   care/anxiety                     curia -ae  f.                 senate house                     curiosus -a -um               curious / inquisitive            curo -are -avi -atum          to take care of                  curriculum -i  n.             raceground / lap / chariot       curro -ere  cucurri  cursum   to run                           currus -s  m.                chariot                          cursus -s  m.                course / speed                   curtus -a -um                 short                            curvus -a -um                 curved / crooked / wrong         custodia -ae f.               custody                          custodio -ire -ivi -itum      to guard                         custos -odis  m./f.           guard / sentinel                 cutis -is  m.                 skin                             damno -are -avi -atum         to convict / find guilty         damnus -i  m.                 loss / damage                    de (abl.)                     down from / from / about         dea -ae f.                    goddess                          debeo -re -ui -itum          to owe / ought                   debilito -are -avi -atum      to weaken                        decedo -ere -cessi -cessurus  to move away / withdraw / die    decem                         ten                              decerno -ere -crevi -cretum   to decide / determine            decerto -are -avi -atum       to fight it out / contend        decet                         it befits                        decet me                      it suits me                      decido -ere -cidi             to fall down                     decimus -a -um                tenth                            decipio -ere -cepi -ceptum    to deceive                       declaro -are -avi -atum       to declare / proclaim            declivus -e                   sloping / downward               decor -oris  m.               beauty / grace                   decorus -a -um                right / proper                   decretum -i  n.               decree                           decurro -ere -curri -cursum   to run down / run toward         decus -oris  n.               honor / glory                    dedecus -oris  n.             disgrace                         dedico -are -avi -atum        to dedicate                      deditio -onis  f.             surrender                        deditus -a -um                devoted to / addicted to         dedo -ere -didi -ditum        to give up / surrender           deduco -ere -duxi -ductum     to lead down / launch / escort   defectio -onis  f.            defection / revolt               defendo -ere -fendi -fensum   to defend / drive off            defensor -oris  m.            protector / guards / defenses    defero -ferre -tuli -latum    to carry / drive down / report   defessus -a -um               worn out / tired                 deficio -ere -feci -fectum    to revolt / fail                 defigo -ere -fixi -fixum      to fix                           definio -ire -ivi -itum       to describe exactly / define     defixio -onis  f.             curse                            deformis -e                   ugly                             degredior -gredi -gressum     to step down / march down        degusto -are -avi -atum       to taste                         deicio -ere -ieci -iectum     to throw down / throw            deiectus -a -um               disappointed / dejected          deinde                        next / then                      delabor -labi -lapsus sum     to fall / collapse               delectatio -onis  f.          delight / pleasure / enjoyment   delecto -are -avi -atum       to please / delight              deleo -re -evi -etum         to blot out / destroy            delibero -are -avi -atum      to consider / deliberate         deliciae -arum  f.pl.         darling / sweetheart             delictum -i  n.               wrong / transgression            deligo -ere -legi -lectum     to select                        delphinus -i  m.              dolphin                          delubrum -i  n.               shrine / temple                  demens -mentis                insane / foolish / demented      dementia -ae f.               insanity                         deminuo -ere -minui -minutum  to lessen                        demitto -ere -misi -missum    to let down / lower              demonstro -are -avi -atum     to point out                     demoveo -re -movi -motum     to dismiss / move out of         demum                         at last                          denarius -ii  m.              denarius                         denique                       finally / at last                dens  dentis  m.              tooth                            densus -a -um                 thick / dense                    denuntio -are -avi -atum      to denounce / reveal             depello -ere -puli -pulsum    to drive off / push down         dependeo -re                 to hang down / depend upon       depono -ere -posui -positum   to lay down / lay aside          deporto -are -avi -atum       to bring down / deport           deprecor -are -avi -atum      to avert by prayer               deprehendo -ere -di -sum      to catch                         depromo -ere                  to bring out                     derideo -re -risi -risum     to mock / make fun of            deripio -ere -ripui -reptum   to tear down / snatch            descendo -ere -scendi -scensumto climb down / descend          descriptio -onis  f.          description                      desero -ere deserui desertum  to leave / abandon / desert      deserta -orum  n.pl.          desert / wilderness              desiderium -i  n.             longing / desire                 desidero -are -avi -atum      to desire / long for / miss      desidiosus -a -um             lazy                             designo -are -avi -atum       to mark out                      desilio -ire -ui              to leap down                     desino -ere  desii  desitum   to cease / desist                desipio -ere                  to act foolishly                 desisto -ere -stiti -stiturus to desist / give up              desperatio -onis  f.          desparation / hopelessness       despero -are -avi -atum       to despair of                    despicio -ere -spexi -spectum to look down on / despise        destinatus -a -um             resolved / resolute / firm       destino -are -avi -atum       intend                           destringo -ere                to draw out / pull out           desum -esse -fui -futurus     to fail / be lacking             desuper                       from above                       deterreo -re -ui -itum       to frighten off / deter          detestor -are  -atus sum      to curse                         detraho -ere -traxi -tractum  to pull down                     detrimentum -i  n.            loss / injury                    deturbo -are -avi -atum       to thrust down                   deus -i  m.                   god                              deversorium -i  n.            inn                              devoco -are -avi -atum        to call down / call away         devolo -ere -volvi -volutum   to roll down                     devoro -are -avi -atum        to devour / eat up               dexter -tra -trum             right                            dextra -ae  f.                right hand                       di immortales!                immortal gods!                
   di superi!                    ye gods above!                
   diabolus -i  m.               devil                            dico -ere  dixi  dictum       to speak / say                   dictator -oris  m.            dictator                         dictito -are -avi -atum       to keep saying / insist          dicto -are -avi -atum         to say repeatedly / dictate      dictum -i  n.                 saying / word                    diduco -ere -duxi -ductum     to divide                        dies  diei  m./f.             day                              dies natalis  diei natalis  m.birthday                         differo -fere distuli dilatum to spread / scatter / differ     difficilis -e                 difficult / hard                 difficiliter                  with difficulty                  difficultas -tatis  f.        difficulty / hardship            diffugio -ere -fugi           to flee away                     diffundo -ere -fudi -fussum   to spread out / diffuse          digitus -i  m.                finger                           dignitas -tatis  f.           worth / character                dignus -a -um                 worthy                           digredior -i -gressum         to go away                       dilacero -are -avi -atum      to tear to pieces                dilanio -are -avi -atum       to tear to pieces                dilectus -s  m.              selection / levy                 diligens -entis               diligent / faithful              diligenter                    carefully                        diligentia -ae f.             care / diligence                 diligo -ere -lexi -lectum     to esteem / love                 dimico -are -avi -atum        to fight                         dimidium -ii  n.              half                             dimitto -ere -misi -missum    to send away / dismiss           directo                       directly                         dirigo -ere -rexi -rectum     to direct / steer                dirimo -ere -emi -emptum      to break off / interrupt         diripio -ere -ui  direptum    to tear to pieces / plunder      dirus -a -um                  dreadful / terrible              discedo -ere -cessi -cessum   to depart / go away              disciplina -ae f.             instruction                      discipula -ae  f.             female student                   discipulus -i  m.             student                          disco -ere  didici  disciturusto learn                         discordia -ae f.              dissension                       discrimen -inis  n.           distinction / crisis             disertus -a -um               eloquent                         dispergo -ere -persi -persum  to scatter / disperse            dispersus -a -um              scattered                        disputatio -onis  f.          discussion                       disputo -are -avi -atum       to discuss                       dissensio -onis  f.           strife / quarrel                 dissentio -ire -sensi -sensum to disagree                      dissimulis -e                 unlike                           dissimulo -are -avi -atum     to concel / hide                 dissolvo -ere -solvi -solutum to free / free from debt         dissuadeo -re -suasi -suasum to dissuade                      distinguo -ere                to distinguish                   distorqueo -re -torsi -tortumto twist apart / distort         distribuo -ere -ui -utum      to distribute / divide           diu                           for a long time                  diutissime                    for a very long time             diutius                       for a longer time                diuturnus -a -um              long lasting                     diversitas -tatis  f.         difference / diversity           diversus -a -um               scattered / separate             diverto -ere -verti -versum   to turn away / divert            dives -itis                   rich                             divido -ere  divisi  divisum  to separate / divide             divinus -a -um                divine                           divitiae -arum  f.pl.         riches / wealth                  divus -a -um                  divine / deified                 divus -i  m.                  god / the late emperor           do  dare  dedi  datum         to give                          doceo -re  docui  doctum     to teach / show / tell           doctrina -ae f.               teaching/instruction             doctus -a -um                 learned                          doleo -re -ui -iturus        to suffer / grieve               dolor -oris  m.               grief / ache                     dolus -i  m.                  device / trick                   domesticus -a -um             domestic / civil                 domi                          at home                          domicilium -i  n.             residence                        domina -ae f.                 mistress of a household          dominatus -s  m.             rule / tyranny                   dominor -ari -atus sum (dat.) to rule / dominate               dominus -i  m.                lord/master                      domus -s  f.                 house / home / family            donec                         until                            dono -are -avi -atum          to give / present                donum -i  n.                  gift                             dormio -ire -ivi -itum        to sleep                         dorsum -i  n.                 back                             dubitatio -onis  f.           doubt                            dubito -are -avi -atum        to doubt / hesitate              dubium   dubi  n.             doubt                            dubius -a -um                 doubtful                         ducenti                       two hundred                      duco -ere  duxi  ductum       to lead                          dulcis -e                     sweet / pleasant                 dum                           while / until / as long as       dummodo                       provided                         duo -ae -o                    two                              duodecim                      twelve                           duodecimus -a -um             twelfth                          duodequinquaginta             forty-eight                      duodesexaginta                fifty-eight                      duodeviginti                  eighteen                         duplico -are -avi -atum       to double                        duritia -ae f.                hardness                         duro -are -avi -atum          to harden / last / endure        durus -a -um                  hard / tough / cruel             dux  ducis  m.                leader                           e  (abl.)                     from                             ebrius -a -um                 drunk                            eburneus -a -um               made of ivory                    ecce                          behold!                       
   ecclesia -ae f.               church                           ecquis  ecquid                any one at all                	   edico -ere -dixi -dictum      announce / declare / appoint     edictum -i  n.                decree / edict                   editus -a -um                 raised / elavated                edo  edere  edidi  editum     to bring forth / produce         edo -ere  edi  esum           to eat                           educo -are -avi -atum         to bring up / educate            educo -ere -duxi -ductum      to lead out                      effero -ere extuli elatum     to bear / report / carry out     efficio -ere -feci -fectum    to make / accomplish / finish    effigies -ei  f.              portrait                         effingo -ere -finxi -fictum   to express / represent           effodio -ere -fodi -fossum    to dig up / dig out              effringo -ere -fregi -fractum to break down                    effugio -ere -fugi -fugiturus to flee from / escape            effundo -ere -fudi -fusum     to pour out                      egeo -ere  egui               to need / lack / want            ego                           I                             	   egredior -gredi -gressus sum  to go out                        egregius -a -um               excellent / distinguished        eheu                          alas                          
   eicio -ere -ieci -iectum      to throw out / drive out         elabor  elabi  elapsus sum    to escape                        elegans   elegantis           elegant                          elegantia -ae  f.             elegance / refinement            elementum -i  n.              element                          elephantus -i  m.             elephant                         eligo -ere -ui -itum          to lure / entice / choose        eloquens -entis               eloquent                         eloquentia -ae f.             eloquence                        eloquium -i  n.               the art of public speaking       eludo -ere -ludi -lusum       to slip past / trick / outwit    emendo -are -avi -atum        to correct / emend               emitto -ere -misi -missum     to throw / send out              emo -ere  emi  emptum         to buy                           emoveo -ere -movi -motum      to move away / remove            en                            look!                         
   enim                          for                              enormis -e                    enormous                         enormiter                     enormously                       enumero -are -avi -atum       to count up / enumerate          enuntio -are -avi -atum       to announce / report             eo                            to that place / there            eo  ire  ii  itum             to go / move                     eodem                         to the same place                epigramma -atis  n.           short-poem / epigram             epistula -ae f.               letter / epistle                 epulae -arum  f.pl.           food / dishes                    eques -itis  m.               horseman / knight                equester -tris  -tre          relating to the Roman knights    equidem                       indeed / truly / for my part     equitatus -s  m.             cavalry                          equito -are -avi -atum        to ride a horse                  equus -i  m.                  horse                            erectus -a -um                upright / erect / high           ergo                          therefore                        erg  (acc.)                  toward                           erigo -ere -rexi -rectum      to raise up / excite / arouse    eripio -ere -ripui -reptum    to snatch away / tear out        erro -are -avi -atum          to be wrong / make a mistake     error -oris  m.               mistake                          erubesco -ere -ui             to blush                         erudio -ire -ivi -itum        to educate / instruct            eruditus -a -um               learned                          erumpo -ere -rupi -ruptum     to break away / break out        eruptio -onis  f.             bursting forth / attack          erus -i  m.                   master of the house / owner      essedarius -i  m.             charioteer                       essedum -i  n.                chariot                          esurio -ire -ivi -itum        to be hungry                     et                            also                             et                            and                              et ... et ...                 both ... and ...                 etenim                        for / and indeed                 etiam                         even / yet / still               etsi                          even if / although / and yet     euge                          hurrah / excellent            
   evado -ere  evasi  evasum     to escape / go out               evangelium -ii  n.            good news / gospel               evenio -ire -veni -ventum     to come out / happen             eventus -s  m.               occurrence / result              everto -ere -verti -versum    to overturn                      evolo -are -avi -atum         to fly out                       ex (abl)                      out from / from / out of         exanimo -are -avi -atum       to deprive of breath / kill      excedo -ere -cessi -cessum    to go out / exceed               excellens -entis              excellent                        excellentia -ae f.            excellence                       excello -ere -celsi -celsum   to be superior / excel           excelsus -a -um               lofty / elevated                 excipio -ere -cepi -ceptum    to take out / capture            excito -are -avi -atum        to awake / arouse                exclamo -are -avi -atum       to cry out / call out            excludo -ere -clusi -clusum   to shut out / exclude            excrucio -are -avi -atum      to torture / torment             excusatio -onis  f.           excuse                           exemplar -aris  n.            model / pattern / original       exemplum -i  n.               example                          exeo -ire -ii                 to go out                        exerceo -re -ui -itum        to train / exercise              exercitatio -onis  f.         training / exercise / practice   exercitus -s  m.             army                             exhaurio -ire -hausi -haustum I drain out / empty              exigo -ere -egi -actum        to drive out / exact / demand    exiguus -a -um                small / tiny                     eximius -a -um                extraordinary / excellent        existimo -are -avi -atum      to estimate / think              exitium -i  n.                destruction / ruin               exitus -s  m.                outcome / end                    exoro -are -avi -atum         to win over / appease            expecto -are -avi -atum       to wait for                      expedio -ire -ivi -itum       to dispatch / set free           expello -ere -pulsi -pulsum   to drive out / expell            expendo -ere -pendi -pensum   to pay out / weight out          experior -iri  expertum       to try / test / experience       expleo -re -plevi -pletum    to fill up / complete            explico -are -avi -atum       to explain                       explorator -oris  m.          scout / spy                      exploro -are -avi -atum       to find out / investigate        expono -ere -posui -positum   to disembark / expose            exporto -are -avi -atum       to carry out / export            exposco -ere -poposci         to implore / entreat / demand    exprimo -ere -pressi -pressum to represent / portray           expugnatio -onis  f.          storming / sack                  expugno -are -avi -atum       to capture / take by storm       exquisitus -a -um             exquisite / excellent            exsilium -i  n.               exile                            exsisto -ere -stiti           to stand forth / exist / be      exsolvo -ere -solvi -solutum  to loosen / free / release       exspecto -are -avi -atum      to wait for                      exstinguo -ere                to extinguish                    exsto -are -stiti -stitum     to stand out                     exstruo -ere -struxi -structumto pile up / build               exsul -is  m.                 exile                            exsulto -are -avi             to exult / be triumphant         exta -orum  n.pl.             entrails                         extemplo                      immediately                      extendo -ere -tendi -tentum   to stretch out / extend          externus -a -um               foreign                          exterreo -re -ui -itum       to terrify                       exterus -a -um                outer / foreign                  extorqueo -re -torsi -tortum to twist away / extort           extra (acc.)                  beyond / outside                 extraho -ere -traxi -tractum  to drag out / take out           extraordinarius -a -um        not common / beyond the norm     extremus -a -um               outermost / extreme / farthest   exuo -ere  exui  exutum       to take off / strip              faba -ae f.                   broad bean                       faber  -bri  m.               worker / craftsman               fabrico -are -avi -atum       to make / construct              fabula -ae  f.                story                            facetus -a -um                witty                            facies  faciei  f.            face                             facile                        easily                           facilis -e                    easy                             facinus -oris  n.             deed / crime                     facio -ere  feci  factum      to make / do                     factio -onis  f.              faction / party                  factum -i  n.                 deed / achievement               facultas -tatis  f.           possibility / opportunity        fallo -ere  fefelli  falsum   to deceive / trick               falsus -a -um                 false                            fama -ae  f.                  reputation / rumor               fames -is  f.                 hunger                           familia -ae f.                household                        familiaris -is  m.            relative / close friend          famis -is  m.                 hunger                           famosus -a -um                renowned / famous / notorious    famula -ae f.                 handmaid                         fanum -i  n.                  shrine                           farina -ae f.                 floor                            farreum -i  n.                spelt-cake                       fas  n.                       divine right / sacred duty       fascia -ae  f.                bandage / band                   fastidium -i  n.              distain                          fateor -ri  fassus sum       to confess / admit / disclose    fatigo -are -avi -atum        to tire out / harass             fatum -i  n.                  fate                             fauces -ium  f.               throat                           faveo -re favi fautum (dat.) to support / favor               favor -oris  m.               favor / goodwill                 fax  facis  f.                torch / firebrand                feles -is  f.                 cat                              felicitas -tatis  f.          happiness                        feliciter                     happily                          felinus -a -um                feline                           felix  felicis                fortunate / prosperous           femina -ae f.                 woman                            fenestra -ae f.               window                           fera -ae f.                   wild animal                      ferculum -i  n.               tray / course                    fere                          almost / nearly / generally      feriae -arum  f.              holidays                         fero  ferre  tuli  latum      to bear / carry / bring          ferociter                     fiercely                         ferrarius -ii  n.             blacksmith                       ferreus -a -um                made of iron / cruel             ferox -ocis                   fierce                           ferrum -i  n.                 iron                             fertilis -e                   fruitful / fertile               ferus -a -um                  wild / savage                    fessus -a -um                 tired                            festinatio -onis  f.          haste                            festino -are -avi -atum       to hasten / hurry                festum -i  n.                 feast                            fibula -ae f.                 safety pin / brooch              ficus -i  m.                  fig-tree                         fidelis -e                    faithful                         fideliter                     faithfully / loyally             fides -ei  f.                 faith / trust                    fiducia -ae  f.               trust / confidence               fidus -a -um                  loyal / trustworthy              figo -ere  fixi  fixum        to fasten / attach / fix         figura -ae f.                 form / size                      filia -ae f.                  daughter                         filiola -ae  f.               little daughter                  filius -i  m.                 son                              fingo -ere  finxi  fictum     to invent / fashion              finio -ire -ivi -itum         to finish / limit                finis -is  m.                 end / limit                      finitimus -a -um              bordering on / neighboring       fio  fieri  factus sum        to become / be made / happen     firmo -are -avi -atum         to strengthen / fortify          firmus -a -um                 firm / strong / reliable         fistula -ae f.                tube / pipe                      flabilis -e                   airy                             flagitium -i  n.              shameful crime                   flagito -are -avi -atum       to nag at / put pressure on      flagro -are -avi -aturus      to blaze                         flamma -ae f.                 flame                            flavus -a -um                 yellow / gold-colored            flebilis -e                   tearful / doleful                flecto -ere  flexi  flexum    to bend / turn aside             fleo -re  flevi  fletum      to weep                          fletus -s  m.                weeping                          florens -entis                flourishing                      floreo -re -ui               to flourish / prosper            flos  floris  m.              flower                           fluctus -s  m.               wave                             flumen -inis  n.              river                            fluo -ere  fluxi  fluctum     to flow                          fluvius -i  m.                river                            fluxus -a -um                 flowing / changeable             focus -i  m.                  hearth / stove                   fodio -ere  fodi  fossum      to dig / dig up / pierce         foedus -a -um                 foul / horrible                  foedus -eris  n.              agreement / treaty / league      folium -i  n.                 leaf                             fons  fontis  m.              spring / fountain                foramen -inis  n.             hole                             foris -is  f.                 door                             forma -ae f.                  shape / beauty                   formica -ae  f.               ant                              formido -inis  f.             fear                             formo -are -avi -atum         to form / build                  formosus -a -um               beautiful                        fors  fortis  f.              chance / accident                forsan                        perhaps                          fortasse                      perhaps / maybe                  forte                         by chance                        fortis -e                     strong / brave                   fortiter                      bravely                          fortitudo -inis  f.           strength / bravery / courage     fortuna -ae f.                fortune                          fortunatus -a -um             lucky / fortunate / happy        forum -i  n.                  market place                     fossa -ae f.                  ditch / trench                   foveo -re  fovi  fotum       to cherish                       fragilis -e                   fragile / perishable             fragor -oris  m.              crash                            frango -ere  fregi  fractum   to break / shatter               frater -tris  m.              brother                          fraterculus -i  m.            little brother                   fraudo -are -avi -atum        to cheat / defraud               fraus  fraudis  f.            deceit                           freni -orum  m.               reins                            frenum -i  n.                 bridle/bit                       frequens -entis               frequent / crowded               frequentia -ae  f.            crowd / throng                   frequento -are -avi -atum     to attend / frequent             fretum -i  n.                 strait/channel                   fretus -a -um                 relying on                       frigidus -a -um               cold                             frigus -oris  n.              cold / coldness / frost          frons  frondis  f.            foliage / leaves                 frons  frontis  f.            forehead                         fructus -s  m.               fruit / profit / enjoyment       frugalitas -tatis  f.         frugality                        frumentarius -a -um           relating to grain                frumentum -i  n.              grain                            fruor frui fructus sum (abl.) to enjoy / delight in            frustr                       in vain                          fuga -ae f.                   escape                           fugio -ere  fugi  fugitum     to flee                          fugitivus -i  m.              fugitive                         fugo -are -avi -atum          to put to flight                 fulcrum -i  n.                headrest                         fulgeo -re  fulsi            to glitter / gleam / flash       fulgor -oris  m.              flash of lightning / renown      fulmen -inis  n.              lightning bolt                   fumus -i  m.                  smoke                            fundamentum -i  n.            foundation                       funditor -oris  m.            slinger                          fundo -ere  fudi  fusum       to pour / pour out / rout        fundus -i  m.                 farm / country property          fungor  fungi  functum        to perform                       funis -is  m.                 rope                             funus -eris  n.               funeral                          fur -is  m.                   thief                            furcifer -i  m.               scoundrel / crook                furens -entis                 furious / in a rage              furnus -i  m.                 oven                             furo -ere                     to rage                          furor -ari -atus sum          to steal                         furor -oris  m.               madness                          furtificus -a -um             thievish                         furtim                        stealthily / secretly            furtum -i  n.                 theft / robbery                  fuscus -a -um                 dark-colored / black / brown     fustis -is  m.                club / stick                     futurus -a -um                future                           galea -ae  f.                 helmet                           gallina -ae  f.               chicken                          gallus -i  m.                 rooster                          garrio -ire -ivi -itum        to chatter                       garum -i  n.                  liquamen / fish sauce            gaudeo -re  gavisus sum      to be pleased / rejoice          gaudium -ii n.                joy / delight                    gaza -ae  f.                  treasure                         geminus -i  m.                twin                             gemitus -s  m.               groan                            gemma -ae  f.                 gem / jewel                      gemo -ere -ui                 to groan                         gens  gentis  f.              tribe / people / clan            genu -s  n.                  knee                             genus -eris  n.               kind / birth / race              geometria -ae f.              geometry                         germana -ae f.                sister                           germanus -i  m.               brother                          gero -ere  gessi  gestum      to bear / carry / wage           gestus -s  m.                gesture                          gigno -ere  genui  genitum    to produce / give birth to       glacies -ei  f.               ice                              gladiator -oris  m.           gladiator                        gladius -ii  m.               sword                            gloria -ae f.                 glory                            gradior -i  gressus sum       to move / step / walk / go       gradus -s  m.                pace / step                      granum -i  n.                 grain                            gratia (gen.)                 for the sake of                  gratia -ae f.                 gratitude                        gratis                        free                             gratulatio -onis  f.          congratulation                   gratulor -ari -atus sum       to congratulate                  gratus -a -um                 grateful                         gravis -e                     heavy / grievous                 gravitas -tatis  f.           weight / dignity                 graviter                      heavily / seriously              gremium -i  n.                lap                              grex  gregis  m.              herd / flock                     grunnio -ire -ivi -itum       to grunt like a pig              gubernator -toris  m.         helmsman / governor              gusto -are -avi -atum         to taste                         gutta -ae f.                  drop                             guttur -uris  n.              throat                           gymnasium -i  n.              sport school                     habena -ae f.                 strap                            habenae -arum  f.pl.          reins                            habeo -re -ui -itum          to have / hold / consider        habito -are -avi -atum        to live / dwell / abide          haereo -re  haesi  haesum    to stick / cling                 haesito -are -avi -atum       to hesitate                      hama -ae  f.                  bucket                           hamus -i  m.                  hook                             harena -ae  f.                sand / arena                     haruspex  haruspicis  m.      diviner / soothsayer             hasta -ae f.                  spear / javelin                  haud                          not / not at all                 haudquaquam                   not at all                       haurio -ire  hausi  haustum   to drain / draw                  herba -ae f.                  grass                            hereditas -tatis  f.          inheritance                      heres  heredis  m.            heir                             heri                          yesterday                        herus -i  m.                  master of the house / owner      hesternus -a -um              of yesterday                     heu                           ah!                           
   heus                          hey!                          
   hiberna -orum  n.             winter quarters                  hic                           here                             hic  haec  hoc                this                          	   hiemo -are -avi -atum         to spend the winter              hiems -is  f.                 winter                           hinc                          from here                        historia -ae f.               story                            hodie                         today                            hodiernus -a -um              of today                         holus -eris  n.               vegetable                        homo -inis  m.                man / human being                homunculus -i  m.             little man / pip-squeak          honestus -a -um               honorable / respectable          honor -oris  m.               honor                            honoro -are -avi -atum        to honor                         hora -ae f.                   hour                             hordeum -i n.                 barley                           horrendus -a -um              horrible / dreadful              horreo -re -ui               to dread / tremble               horreum -i  n.                barn / granary                   horribilis -e                 horrible                         horridus -a -um               rough / shaggy / bristly         horror -oris  m.              fright / dread                   hortor -ari hortatum          to urge / incite                 hortus -i  m.                 garden                           hospes -itis  m./f.           guest / friend                   hospitalis -e                 relating to a guest              hospitium -i  n.              hospitality                      hospitium -i  n.              inn                              hostia -ae  f.                victim / sacrifice               hostis -is  m.                enemy                            huc                           hither / to this place           hui                           oh!                           
   humanitas -tatis  f.          kindness / culture               humanus -a -um                human / humane / refined         humidus -a -um                humid                            humilis -e                    humble / lowly                   humilitas -tatis  f.          humility                         humus -i  m.                  soil / ground                    hypocrita -ae  m.             hypocrite                        iaceo -re -ui                to lie / be at rest              iacio -ere  ieci  iactum      to throw / hurl / cast           iacto -are -avi -atum         to throw                         iactura -ae  f.               loss / sacrifice                 iaculum -i  n.                dart / javelin                   iam                           now / already                    iamdudum                      for a long time                  ianua -ae f.                  door                             ibi                           there                            ibidem                        in the same place                id                            it                            	   idcirco                       therefore                        idem  eadem  idem             same                          	   identidem                     again and again / repeatedly     idoneus -a -um                suitable                         iecur -oris n.                liver                            ientaculum -i  n.             breakfast                        igitur                        therefore                        ignarus -a -um                not knowing / ignorant           ignavia -ae f.                laziness                         ignavus -a -um                lazy                             igneus -a -um                 fiery                            ignis -is  m.                 fire                             ignominia -ae  f.             disgrace                         ignorantia -ae  f.            ignorance / laziness             ignoro -are -avi -atum        to not know                      ignosco -ere -novi -notum     to pardon / excuse               ignotus -a -um                unknown / strange / unfamiliar   illacrimo -are -avi -atum     to weep over                     ille  illa  illud             that                          	   illic                         in that place                    illinc                        from that place                  illo                          to that place                    illuc                         there / thither                  illucesco -ere -luxi          to grow bright                   illudo -ere -lusi -lusum      to mock / ridicule               illumino -are -avi -atum      to light up / make clear         imago -inis  f.               image / likeness / statue        imber -bris  m.               rainstorm                        imitor -ari -atus sum         to imitate                       immanis -e                    huge / immense                   immemor -oris                 forgetful                        immensus -a -um               unmeasurable / immense           immerito                      undeservedly / unjustly          immineo -re                  to threaten / hang over          immisceo -ere -miscui -mixtum to mix in / intermingle          immo                          on the contrary                  immodicus -a -um              excessive / immoderate           immolo -are -avi -atum        to sacrifice / offer to gods     immortalis -e                 immortal                         immortalitas -tatis  f.       immortality                      immotus -a -um                still / motionless               impatiens -entis              impatient                        impedimentum -i  n.           hindrance                        impedio -ire -ivi -itum       to entangle / hinder             impello -ere -puli -pulsum    to drive on / influence          impendeo -re -pendi          to hang over / threaten          impendo -ere -pendi -pensum   to spend                         imperator -oris  m.           general / commander              imperium -i  n.               command / empire                 impero -are -avi -atus (dat.) to command / order / govern      impetro -are -avi -atum       to obtain by asking              impetus -s  m.               attack / assault                 impleo -re -evi -etum        to fill up / complete            impluvium -i  n.              rain basin                       impono -ere -posui -positum   to put on / place on             importo -are -avi -atum       to import                        impotens -entis               out of control / immoderate      imprimis                      especially / particularly        improbus -a -um               wicked                           improvidus -a -um             improvident                      improvisus -a -um             unforeseen                       impudens -entis               shameless / impudent             impudenter                    shamelessly / impudently         impunitus -a -um              unpunished / unrestrained        imus -a -um                   lowest / deepest / last          in (abl.)                     in                               in (acc.)                     into                             inanis -e                     empty / unsubstantial            inaures -ium  f.              earrings                         incendium -i  n.              fire / conflagration             incendo -ere -cendi -censum   to set fire to / burn            incertus -a -um               uncertain / doubtful             incido -ere -cidi -casurus    to fall upon / happen            incipio -ere -cepi -ceptum    to begin / commence              incito -are -avi -atum        to incite                        includo -ere -clusi -clusum   to shut in / enclose             incola -ae f.                 inhabitant                       incolo -ere -ui  incultum     to dwell in / inhabit            incolumis -e                  safe / unharmed                  incommodum -i  n.             inconvenience                    incorruptus -a -um            genuine / pure                   incredibilis -e               unbelievable                     incultus -a -um               unsophisticated / not cultured   inde                          from that place / thence         index -icis  m                informer / witness               indicium -ii  n.              sign / evidence                  indico -ere -dixi -dictum     to proclaim / declare            indignitas -tatis  f.         vileness / laziness              indignus -a -um               unworthy                         indoctus -a -um               uneducated / ignorant            induco -ere -duxi -ductum     to lead in / influence           induo -ere  indui  indutum    to put on                        industria -ae f.              industry                         industrius -a -um             industrious / diligent           indutiae -arum  f.            truce                            ineo  inire  inii  initurus   to enter / begin / undertake     ineptio -ire                  to play the fool / trifle        inermis -e                    unarmed                          iners -ertis                  inactive / idle                  inertia -ae  f.               inactivity / sloth               infandus -a -um               unspeakable / wicked             infans  infantis  m./f.       little child                     infantia -ae f.               infancy                          infelix -icis                 unlucky                          inferi -orum  m.pl.           the dead                         inferior -ius                 low / inferior                   infero -ferre -tuli -latum    to bring in / inflict            inferus -a -um                below / of the lower world       infestus -a -um               unsafe / hostile                 infidelis -e                  unfaithful                       infinitus -a -um              unlimited / infinite             infirmus -a -um               weak / feeble                    inflammo -are -avi -atum      to set on fire / inflame         informis -e                   formless / deformed / hideous    infortunatus -a -um           unfortunate                      infra (acc.)                  below / under                    infundo -ere -fudi -fusum     to pour in or on                 ingenium -ii  n.              talent / genius                  ingens -tis                   huge                             ingratus -a -um               unpleasant / ungrateful          ingredior -gredi -gressus sum to go in / enter                 inhabito -are -avi -atum      to live in / inhabit             inhumanus -a -um              barbarous / savage               inicio -ere -ieci -iectum     to throw on / inspire            inimicitia -ae f.             hostility                        inimicus -a -um               unfriendly                       inimicus -i  m.               personal enemy                   iniquus -a -um                uneven / unjust                  initium -i  n.                beginning                        iniuria -ae f.                injury / injustice / wrong       iniustus -a -um               unjust                           inlustris -e                  bright / distinguished           innocens -entis               harmless / blameless             inopia -ae f.                 need / lack                      inops -opis                   poor / needy                     inquam (inquit)               to say (he says)                 inrideo -ere -risi -risum     to laugh at                      insania -ae f.                insanity                         insanus -a -um                crazy / insane                   insciens -entis               unknowing / unaware              inscitia -ae  f.              ignorance                        inscribo -ere                 to inscribe                      insequor  insequi  insecutum  to follow up / pursue            insidiae -arum  f.pl.         ambush / treachery               insidior -are -avi -atum      to lie in wait / plot            insigne -is  n.               sign / signal                    insignis -e                   remarkable / prominent           insipienter                   foolishly                        insisto -ere -stiti           to press on / follow / pursue    insolenter                    arrogantly                       insons -ontis                 guiltless / innocent             inspicio -ere -spexi -spectum to look at / inspect             instituo -ere -ui -utum       to draw up / teach / appoint     institutum -i  n.             undertaking                      insto -are -stiti -staturus   to press on / be at hand         instrumentum -i  n.           equipment                        instruo -ere -struxi -structumto build up / instruct           insula -ae  f.                island                           insula -ae  f.                apartment building               insum -esse -fui -futurus     to be in / be found in           insurgo -ere                  to rise up                       integer -gra -grum            untouched / whole                intellego -ere -lexi -lectum  to understand / learn            intendo -ere -tendi -tentum   to strive for / aim / intend     intente                       intently                         intentus -a -um  (abl)        intent (on)                      inter (acc.)                  among / between                  intercedo -ere -cessi -cessum to come between / intervene      intercludo -ere -clusi -clusumto shut off / hinder             interdiu                      during the day                   interdum                      sometimes / now and then         interea                       meanwhile                        intereo -ire -ii -iturus      to perish / be killed            interest -esse -fuit          it concerns                      interficio -ere -feci -fectum to kill / destroy                interim                       meanwhile                        interior -ius                 inner / interior                 intermitto -ere -misi -missum to stop / interrupt              interpono -ere -posui -positumto place between / intersperse   interpretor -ari -atum        to explain / interpret           interrogatio -onis  f.        interrogation / inquiry          interrogo -are -avi -atum     to ask / question / examine      intersum -esse -fui           to take part in                  intervallum -i  n.            interval                         intra (acc.)                  within / inside                  intro -are -avi -atum         to walk into / enter             introduco -ere -duxi -ductum  to lead in / introduce           intueor -ri -intuitum        to gaze at / watch               intus                         within                           inutilis -e                   useless                          invado -ere -vasi -vasum      to enter on / move against       invalidus -a -um              weak                             invenio -ire -veni -ventum    to come upon / find              inventor -oris  m.            inventor                         investigo -are -avi -atum     to investigate                   invictus -a -um               unconquered / unconquerable      invideo -re -vidi -visum     to envy                          invidia -ae f.                envy / jealousy                  invisus -a -um                hated / hateful                  invito -are -avi -atum        to invite / summon               invitus -a -um                unwilling / reluctant            iocor -ari -atus sum          to joke / jest                   iocose                        in jest                          iocus -i  m.                  joke / jest                      ipse  ipsa  ipsum             self / in person              	   ira -ae f.                    anger                            irascor  irasci  iratus sum   to grow angry                    iratus -a -um                 angered / angry                  irritabilis -e                irritable                        irrumpo -ere  irrupi          to burst in / burst into         is  ea  id                    this / that / he / she / it   	   iste  ista  istud             that (of yours)               	   ita                           so / thus                        ita vero                      yes                              Italia -ae f.                 Italy                            itaque                        therefore                        item                          likewise / also / besides        iter  itineris  n.            journey                          iterum                        again                            iubeo -re  iussi  iussum     to order / bid / command         iucunditas -tatis  f.         pleasantness / delight / charm   iucundus -a -um               pleasing / delightful            iudex -icis  m.               judge                            iudicium -i  n.               trial                            iudico -are -avi -atum        to judge / decide                iugum -i  n.                  yoke                             iumentum -i  n.               beast of burden                  iungo -ere  iunxi  iunctum    to join / unite                  iure                          rightly                          iurisperitus -a -um           expert in the law                iuro -are -avi -atum          to take an oath                  ius  iuris  n.                soup                             ius  iuris  n.                right / law                      iussum -i  n.                 order                            iustitia -ae f.               justice                          iustus -a -um                 just / upright                   iuvenis -is  m.               a young man                      iuventus -tutis  f.           youth                            iuvo -are -avi -atum          to help / assist                 iuxta (acc.)                  near / close to                  labor  labori  lapsus sum     to slip / glide                  labor -oris  m.               labor / toil / exertion          laboro -are -avi -atum        to suffer / toil                 labrum -i  n.                 lip                              lac  lactis  n.               milk                             lacerna -ae  f.               cape                             lacesso -ere -ivi -itum       to harass / attack               lacrima -ae f.                tear                             lacrimo -are -avi -atum       to cry / weep                    lactuca -ae  f.               lettuce                          lacunar -aris  n.             paneled ceiling                  lacus -s  m.                 lake                             laedo -ere  laesi  laesum     to harm                          laetans -antis                rejoicing                        laete                         happily                          laetitia -ae  f.              joy / pleasure                   laetor -ari -atum             to rejoice                       laetus -a -um                 joyful / happy / glad            lambo -ere  lambi             to lick                          lana -ae f.                   wool                             laniena -ae  f.               a butcher's shop                 lanius -i  m.                 butcher                          lapis -idis  m.               stone                            largior -iri -itum            to lavish / bestow / bribe       lassitudo -inis  f.           weariness                        lassus -a -um                 tired / weary                    lateo -re -ui                to lurk / lie hidden             latitudo -tudinis  f.         width                            latrina -ae f.                toilet                           latro -are -avi -atum         to bark                          latro -onis  m.               robber                           latrocinium   latrocini  n.   robbery                          latus -a -um                  wide / broad                     latus -eris  n.               side / flank                     laudator -oris  m.            praiser                          laudo -are -avi -atum         to praise                        laus  laudis  f.              praise / glory                   lavo -are  lavi  lautum       to wash / bathe                  lectica -ae  f.               litter                           lectio -onis  f.              lesson                           lector -oris  m.              reader                           lectus -i  m.                 bed                              legatio -onis  f.             embassy                          legatus -i  m.                legate / envoy                   legio -onis  f.               legion / body of soldiers        lego -are -avi -atum          to appoint                       lego -ere  legi  lectum       to pick / gather / read          lenis -e                      soft / smooth / gentle           lenitas -tatis  f.            softness / gentleness            leniter                       gently                           lente                         slowly                           leo -onis  m.                 lion                             lepra -ae f.                  scaliness                        lepus -oris  m.               hare                             levis -e                      not heavy / light                levo -are -avi -atum          to lighten / relieve             lex  legis  f.                law                              libellus -i  m.               little book                      libenter                      gladly / willingly               liber  libri  m.              book                             liber -a -um                  free                             liberalis -e                  kindly / generously              liberalitas -tatis  f.        generosity / liberality          liberator -oris  m.           liberator                        libere                        freely                           liberi -orum  m.              children                         libero -are -avi -atum        to free                          libertas -tatis  f.           liberty                          libertus -i  m.               freedman                         libido -onis  f.              pleasure / lust / passion        librarium -i  n.              bookcase                         licentia -ae  f.              freedom / lawlessness            licet -re  licuit            it is permitted                  licitator -oris  m.           bidder                           licitus -a -um                lawful                           lictor -oris  m.              lictor                           ligneus -a -um                wooden / made of wood            lignum -i  n.                 firewood / timber                ligo -are -avi -atum          to bind / tie                    lilium -i  n.                 lily                             limen -inis  n.               threshhold / entrance            linea -ae  f.                 line / stripe                    lingua -ae f.                 tongue                           linteum -i  n.                linen / napkin                   lis  litis  f.                dispute / quarrel / lawsuit      littera -ae f.                letter                           litterae -arum  f.            letter / epistle                 litus -oris  n.               shore / coast                    loco -are -avi -atum          to place / put                   locutio -onis  f.             phrase / expression              locuples -etis                rich                             locus -i  m.                  place                            longe                         far                              longinquitas -tatis  f.       distance / remoteness            longinquus -a -um             distant                          longus -a -um                 long                             loquax  locquacis             talkative                        loquor  loqui  locutus sum    to speak                         lorica -ae  f.                breastplate                      lucerna -ae  f.               lamp                             lucidus -a -um                clear / bright                   lucrum -i  n.                 profit                           lucus -i  m.                  sacred grove                     ludibrium -i  n.              mockery                          ludibundus -a -um             playful                          ludo -ere  lusi  lusum        to play                          ludus -i  m.                  game / school                    lugeo -re  luxi  luctum      to mourn / lament                lumen -inis  n.               light                            luna -ae f.                   moon                             lupa -ae  f.                  she-wolf                         lupus -i  m.                  wolf                             luridus -a -um                pale                             lustro -are -avi -atum        to light up / illuminate         lutum -i  n.                  mud / mire / dirt                lux  lucis  f.                light                            luxuria -ae f.                luxury                           lynchus -i  m.                lamp                             lyra -ae f.                   lyre                             macellum -i  n.               produce market                   macer -era -erum              thin                             macula -ae  f.                spot / stain                     maeror -oris  m               sadness                          maestus -a -um                sad / sorrowful                  magicus -a -um                magical / magic                  magis                         more / rather                    magister -stri  m.            master / teacher                 magistratus -s  m.           magistrate                       magnificens -entis            magnificent                      magnificus -a -um             magnificent / fantastic          magnitudo -tudinis  f.        size / great size                magnopere                     greatly                          magnus -a -um                 great / large                    maiestas -tatis  f.           grandeur                         male                          badly                            maleficium -i  n.             bad deed                         malo  malle  malui            to prefer / choose               malum -i  n.                  apple                            malum -i  n.                  evil                             malus -a -um                  bad / evil                       malus -i  m.                  mast                             mamma -ae f.                  breast                           mandatum -i  n.               order / command                  mando -are -avi -atum         to entrust                       mane                          in the morning                   maneo -re  mansi  mansurus   to stay / remain                 manifestus -a -um             evident                          mansuetudo -inis  f.          gentleness / kindness            manus -s  f.                 hand                             mare -is  n.                  sea                              margo -inis  f.               edge                             maritimus -a -um              of the sea                       maritus -i  m.                husband / spouse                 mater -tris  m.               mother                           materia -ae f.                material / matter                materies -ei  f.              material                         matrimonium -ii  n.           marriage                         matrona -ae f.                married woman                    maturus -a -um                ripe / mature / early            maxime                        very greatly / most of all       maximus -a -um                very big / very great            mecum                         with me                          medicina -ae  f.              medicine                         medicus -i  m.                doctor                           mediocris -e                  moderate / inferior / short      meditor -ari -atus sum        to reflect upon / reflect        medium -i  n.                 middle                           medius -a -um                 in the middle / middle           mel  mellis  n.               honey                            melius                        better                           membrum -i  n.                limb / part of the body          memini  meminisse             to remember / think of           memoralibis -e                memorable                        memoria -ae f.                memory                           memoro -are -avi -atum        to mention                       mendacium -i  n.              lie                              mendax -acis                  lying / mendacious / untrue      mendosus -a -um               full of faults / faulty          mens  mentis  f.              mind / opinion                   mensa -ae f.                  table                            mensis -is  m.                month                            mensura -ae  f.               measurement                      mercator -oris  m.            merchant                         merces -edis  f.              pay / wages                      mereo -re -ui -itum          to deserve / earn                mereor -eri  meritum          to deserve / be worthy of        mergo -ere  mersi  mersum     to dip / engulf / sink           meridianus -a -um             of midday / noon / southern      meridies  meridiei  m.        noon                             meritum -i  n.                merit                            meritus -a -um                worthy / deserving               merus -a -um                  pure / mere                      merx  mercis  f.              goods / ware / merchandise       -met                          -self                            meta -ae f.                   turning-post                     metior  metiri  mensum        to measure / distribute          metuo -ere -ui                to fear / dread                  metus -s  m.                 fear / dread                     meus -a -um                   my                               migro -are -avi -atum         to remove / depart / migrate     milia -ium  n.pl.             thousands                        miles -itis  m.               soldier                          militaris -e                  military                         militia -ae f.                military service                 mille                         thousand                         mimus -i  m.                  comic opera                      minae -arum  f.pl.            threats / menace                 minax -acis                   projecting / threatening         minime                        no / very little                 minimus -a -um                least / smallest                 minister -stri  m.            assistant                        minor  minari  minatus sum    to jut forth / threaten          minor  minus                  smaller / less                   minuo -ere -ui -utum          to lessen / diminish             mirabilis -e                  marvelous / strange              miraculum -i  n.              miracle                          miror  mirari  miratum        to wonder / marvel               mirus -a -um                  amazing                          misceo -re -ui  mixtum       to mix / blend                   miser -a -um                  poor / unhappy                   misere                        miserably / terribly much        misericordia -ae  f.          mercy / pity                     mitigo -are -avi -atum        to soothe / calm                 mitis -e                      mild / gentle / ripe             mitto -ere  misi  missum      to send                          modestia -ae f.               modesty                          modestus -a -um               modest                           modo                          only / just now                  modo ... modo ...             at one time ... at another ...   modus -i  m.                  measure / manner                 moenia -ium  n.               city walls                       moles -is  f.                 mass / heap / difficulty         molestia -ae  f.              annoyance / trouble              molestus -a -um               troublesome / annoying           molior -iri -itus sum         to work at / build / plan        mollio -ire -ivi -itum        to soften                        mollis -e                     soft / supple                    momentum -i  n.               movement / influence             moneo -re -ui -itum          to warn / advise                 monile -is  n.                necklace                         monitio -onis  f.             admonition / warning             mons  montis  m.              mountain                         monstro -are -avi -atum       to show / point out              monstrum -i  n.               monster                          monumentum -i  n.             monument                         mora -ae f.                   delay                            morbus -i  m.                 sickness                         mordeo -re  momordi  morsum  to bite                          morior  mori  mortuus sum     to die / expire                  mors  mortis  f.              death                            mortalis -e                   mortal                           mortuus -a -um                dead                             mos  moris  m.                custom / habit                   motus -s  m.                 movement                         moveo -re  movi  motum       to move / stir                   mox                           soon                             mugitus -s  m.               lowing / bellowing / mooing      mulier -eris  f.              woman / wife                     multi -ae -a                  many                             multitudo -tudinis  f.        great number / multitude         multo                         much                             multo -are -avi -atum         to punish / fine                 multus -a -um                 much                             mundus -i  m.                 world / universe                 municipium -i  n.             borough                          munimentum -i  n.             fortification / protection       munio -ire -ivi -itum         to fortify / defend              munitio -onis  f.             fortification                    munus -eris  n.               duty / gift                      murmuro -are -avi -atum       to murmur                        murus -i  m.                  wall                             mus  muris  m./f.             mouse                            musa -ae f.                   muse                             musculus -i  m.               muscle                           musica -ae  f.                music                            musicus -i  m.                musician                         mutatio -onis  f.             change                           muto -are -avi -atum          to change                        nam                           for                              namque                        inasmuch as                      nanciscor  nancisci  natum    to get / obtain / find           narro -are -avi -atum         to tell                          nascor  nasci  natum          to be born                       nasus -i  m.                  nose                             natalis -is  m.               birthday                         natio -onis  f.               nation / tribe                   nato -are -avi -atum          to swim                          natura -ae  f.                birth / nature                   natus -a -um                  born                             naufragium -i  n.             shipwreck                        nausea -ae  f.                sea-sickness                     nauta -ae  m.                 sailor                           nauticus -a -um               nautical / naval                 navicula -ae  f.              little boat                      navigatio -onis  f.           voyage / navigation              navigium -i  n.               ship                             navigo -are -avi -atum        to sail                          navis  navis  f.              ship                             -ne                           ?                                ne                            that not / lest                  ne ... an ...                 whether ... or ...               ne ... quidem ...             not even                         nebulosus -a -um              misty                            nec                           and not / nor                    nec ... nec ...               neither ... nor ...              necessarius -a -um            necessary / critical             necesse                       necessary / inevitable           necessitas -tatis  f.         need / necessity                 necessitudo -inis  f.         relationship / connection        neco -are -avi -atum          to kill                          nectar -aris  n.              nectar                           nefarius -a -um               unspeakable / wicked             nefas  n.                     wrong / sin                      neglegens -entis              careless                         neglego -ere -lexi -lectum    disregard / neglect              neglentia -ae f.              neglect                          nego -are -avi -atum          to deny                          negotium -i  n.               business                         nemo nullius m./f.            no one / nobody                  nemus -oris  n.               grove                            nenia -ae f.                  dirge/lullaby                    nepos -otis  m.               grandchild                       neque                         and not / nor                    neque ... neque ...           neither ... nor ...              nequitia -ae  f.              worthlessness                    nervus -i  m.                 sinew / tendon                   nescio -ire -ivi -itum        to be ignorant / not know        neu                           and not / nor                    neuter -tra -trum             neither (of two)                 neve                          and not / nor                    nex  necis  f.                death / murder                   nidus -eris  m.               nest                             niger  nigra  nigrum          black                            nihil                         nothing / nothing at all         nihilominus                   nevertheless                     nihilum -i  n.                nothing                          nil                           nothing / nothing at all         nimbus -i  m.                 cloud                            nimis                         too much                         nimius -a -um                 too much                         nisi                          unless                           nisi quod                     except that                      niteo -re -ui                to shine / glitter               nitor  niti  nisus sum        to strive / make an effort       niveus -a -um                 snowy / snow-white               nix  nivis  f.                snow                             nobilis -e                    well-known / noble               nobilitas -tatis  f.          fame / nobility                  noceo -re -ui -iturus        to do harm / hurt                noctu                         in the night                     nocturnus -a -um              nocturnal / during the night     nodus -i  m.                  knot                             nolo  nolle  nolui            to be unwilling / not wish       nomen -inis  n.               name                             nomino -are -avi -atum        to name / appoint                non                           not / by no means                non modo ... sed etiam ...    not only ... but also ...        non nullus                    some                             non numquam                   sometimes                        nonaginta                     ninety                           nondum                        not yet                          nongenti                      nine hundred                     nonne                         don't / doesn't ?                nonnulli -ae -a               some / several                   nonus -a -um                  ninth                            nos                           we / us                       	   nosco -ere  novi  notum       to learn / know                  noster -tra -trum             our                              nota -ae f.                   mark / brand                     notarius -ii  m.              stenographer                     notitia -ae f.                fame/celebrity                   noto -are -avi -atum          to note / observe                notus -a -um                  well-known / familiar            novem                         nine                             novitas -tatis  f.            newness / strangeness            novo -are -avi -atum          to make new                      novus -a -um                  new                              nox  noctis  f.               night                            noxius -a -um                 hurtful / harmful                nubes -is  f.                 cloud / mist                     nubo -ere  nupsi  nuptum      to cover / veil                  nucleus -i  m.                nut/kernel                       nudo -are -avi -atum          to strip / uncover               nudus -a -um                  naked / bare / unprotected       nugae -arum  f.pl.            trifles / nonsense               nullus -a -um                 not any / none                   num                           surely not                       num                           whether                          numen -inis  n.               divine spirit                    numero -are -avi -atum        to count                         numerus -i  m.                number                           numquam                       never                            nunc                          now / at present                 nuntio -are -avi -atum        to announce                      nuntius -i  m.                message / news                   nuntius -i  m.                messenger                        nuper                         recently / lately                nuptiae -arum  f.             nuptials                         nusquam                       nowhere                          nuto -are -avi -atum          to nod                           nutrio -ive -ivi -itum        to bring up / rear / nourish     nympha -ae  f.                nymph                            O                             o! / oh!                      
   ob (acc.)                     toward / on account of           obduro -are -avi -atum        to be hard / persist / endure    obeo -ire  obii  obitum       to go about / attend to          obicio -ere -ieci -iectum     to cast in the way               obliviscor oblivisci oblitum  to forget                        oboediens -entis (dat.)       obedient                         obruo -ere -rui -rutum        to overwhelm / destroy           obscurus -a -um               dark / gloomy                    obsecro -are -avi -atum       to beg / implore / beseech       obsequium -i  n.              compliance                       obses  obsidis  m./f.         hostage                          obsideo -re  obsedi  obsessumto besiege                       obsidio -onis  f.             siege                            obsonium -i  n.               food / shopping                  obstinatus -a -um             firm / resolved                  obsto -are -stiti             to obstruct / block the way      obstruo -ere -struxi -structumto block up                      obstupefacio -ere             to amaze / stun                  obtineo -re -ui  obtentum    to hold / keep / occupy          occasio -onis  f.             opportunity                      occasus -s  m.               setting                          occido -ere -cidi -cisum      to kill / destroy                occulte                       secretly                         occulto -are -avi -atum       to hide                          occultus -a -um               secret / covered up              occupatus -a -um              busy                             occupo -are -avi -atum        to seize                         occurro -ere -cucurri -cursus to meet / run against            octavus -a -um                eighth                           octingenti                    eight hundred                    octo                          eight                            octoginta                     eighty                           oculus -i  m.                 eye                              odi  odisse  osurus           to hate                          odium -i  n.                  hatred                           offero -ere obtuli oblatum    to bear to / offer               officina -ae f.               workshop                         officium -i  n.               duty / service                   oleo -re -ui                 to smell of / stink              oleum -i  n.                  oil                              olim                          once                             oliva -ae f.                  olive tree                       omen -inis  n.                sign / omen                      omitto -ere -misi -missum     to let go / omit                 omnino                        wholly / only / at all           omnipotens -entis             all-powerful / omnipotent        omnis -e                      every / all                      onero -are -avi -atum         to burden / load                 onus -eris  n.                burden / weight / load           opera -ae f.                  work / pains                     opes -um  f.pl.               wealth / resources               opinio -onis  f.              belief / opinion                 opinor -are -avi -atum        to think / suppose               oportet                       it is necessary or proper        oppidum -i  n.                town                             oppono -ere -posui -positum   to set against / oppose          opportune                     conveniently                     opportunus -a -um             opportune / convenient           opprimo -ere -pressi -pressum to burden / overthrow            opprobrium -i  n.             reproach                         oppugnatio -onis  f.          assault / attack                 oppugno -are -avi -atum       to attack                        ops  opis  f.                 aid / assistance                 optime                        very well                        optimus -a -um                best                             opto -are -avi -atum          to wish for                      opus -eris  n.                work                             ora -ae f.                    shore / coast                    oraculum -i  n.               oracle                           oratio -onis  f.              speech                           orator -oris  m.              speaker / envoy                  oratorius -a -um              oratorical                       orbis -is  m.                 circle / orb                     orbis terrarum                the world / the earth            ordo -inis  m.                order / rank                     oriens  orientis  m.          east                             origo -ginis  f.              source / origin                  orior  oriri  ortus sum       to rise / appear                 ornamentum -i  n.             ornament                         orno -are -avi -atum          to adorn / equip                 oro -are -avi -atum           to pray                          ortus -s  m.                 rising                           os  oris  n.                  mouth                            os  oris  n.                  face                             os  ossis  n.                 bone                             oscito -are -avi -atum        to yawn                          osculum -i  n.                kiss                             ostendo -ere -tendi -tentum   to point out / show              ostium -i  n.                 entrance / door                  otiosus -a -um                at leisure / idle                otium -ii  n.                 pleasure / leisure / peace       ovis -is  f.                  sheep                            ovum -i  n.                   egg                              pabulor -ari  pabulatus sum   to forage / get fodder           pabulum -i  n.                food / nourishment               paco -are -avi -atum          to pacify / conquer              pactum -i  n.                 agreement / compact              paedagogus -i  m.             pedagogue                        paene                         almost / nearly                  paenitet -re  paenituit      to be sorry                      paenula -ae  f.               raincoat                         paganus -i  m.                peasant                          pagina -ae f.                 page                             pagus -i  m.                  district / canton                palam                         openly                           palatium -i  n.               palace                           palla -ae  f.                 palla / wide outer garment       pallesco -ere -ui             to grow pale                     pallidus -a -um               pale                             palma -ae f.                  palm of hand                     palma -ae f.                  palm tree                        palus -udis  f.               swamp / marsh                    pando -ere  pandi  passum     to spread out / extend           panis -is  m.                 bread                            par  paris                    equal / like                     paratus -a -um                ready / prepared                 parco -ere  peperci  parsum   to spare / protect               parens  parentis  m./f.       parent                           parentes -ium   m.pl.         parents                          pareo -re -ui -iturus        to obey / submit / comply        paries -itis  m.              wall                             pario -ere  peperi  partum    to beget / produce               paro -are -avi -atum          to prepare                       parricia -ae  m.              murderer                         pars  partis  f.              part / portion / faction         parum                         too little                       parvus -a -um                 little / small                   pasco -ere  pavi  pastum      to feed / nourish                passer -eris  m.              sparrow                          passim                        far and wide                     passus -s  m.                pace / stride                    pastor -oris  m.              shepherd                         patefacio -ere -feci -factum  to make open / disclose          patens -entis                 open / unprotected               pateo -re -ui                to stand open / extend           pater -tris  m.               father                           patiens -entis                patient / capable of enduring    patientia -ae f.              patience / endurance             patior  pati  passum          to suffer / endure               patria -ae f.                 native land                      patricius -a -um              patrician                        patronus -i  m.               patron                           pauci -ae -a                  few / a few                      paulatim                      gradually / little by little     paulisper                     for a short time                 paulo                         a little / slightly              paulum                        a little / somewhat              pauper  pauperis              poor                             paupertas -tatis  f.          poverty                          pavimentum -i  n.             pavement                         pavo -onis  m.                peacock                          pavor -oris  m.               panic                            pax  pacis  f.                peace                            pecco -are -avi -atum         to sin / do wrong                pectus -oris  m.              breast / heart                   pecunia -ae f.                money                            pecus -oris  n.               cattle / flock                   pedes -itis  m.               foot soldier                     pellis -is  f.                fur                              pello -ere  pepuli  pulsum    to drive / rout                  pendeo -ere  pependi          to hang                          pendo -ere  pependi  pensum   to weigh / pay                   penes (acc.)                  in the hands of                  penitus                       far within / deeply / utterly    penna -ae f.                  feather                          per (acc.)                    through                          percipio -ere -cepi -ceptum   to gain / learn / perceive       perditus -a -um               desperate / hopeless             perdo -ere  perdidi  perditum to lose / destroy / ruin         perduco -ere -duxi -ductum    to construct / lead through      peregrinor -ari -atus sum     to sojourn / travel around       peregrinus -i  m.             stranger / foreigner             pereo -ire -ii -iturus        to perish / be lost              perfectus -a -um              complete / perfect               perfero -ferre -tuli -latum   to bring / report                perficio -ere -feci -fectum   to complete / accomplish         perfidia -ae  f.              perfidy / treachery              perfidus -a -um               treacherous / untrustworthy      perfugio -ere -fugi           to take refuge / desert          periculosus -a -um            dangerous                        periculum -i  n.              danger                           perimo -ere -emi -emptum      to destroy                       peristylum -i  n.             courtyard                        peritus -a -um (w. gen.)      familiar with / skilled          permaneo -re -mansi -mansurusto continue / remain             permitto -ere -misi -missum   to let go / commit / allow       permotus -a -um               alarmed / disturbed              permoveo -re -movi -motum    to move / affect                 perna -ae  f.                 ham                              pernicies -ei  f.             destruction / ruin               perniciosus -a -um            destructive / pernicious         perpetuus -a -um              unbroken / continuous            perscribo -ere                to write out / place on record   persequor -sequi -secutum     to follow up / pursue            persona -ae  f.               person                           perspicio -ere -spexi -spectumto look through / understand     persuadeo -re -suasi -suasum to make sweet to / persuade      perterreo -re -ui -itum      to frighten thoroughly           perterritus -a -um            terrified                        pertimesco -ere -timui        to fear greatly                  pertinax  pertinacis          obstinate                        pertineo -re -ui             to extend to / reach / belong    perturbo -are -avi -atum      to disturb greatly / alarm       pervenio -ire -veni -venturus to come to / reach / arrive      pes  pedis  m.                foot                             pessimus -a -um               worst                            pestilentia -ae  f.           plague                           pestis -is  f.                plague / pestilence / curse      petasus -i  m.                broad-brimmed hat                peto -ere -ivi -itum          to seek / strive for / ask for   philosophia -ae  f.           philosophy                       philosophus -i  m.            philosopher                      pictor -oris  m.              painter                          pictura -ae f.                picture                          picus -i  m.                  woodpecker                       pietas -tatis  f.             loyalty / respect                piger  pigra  pigrum          sluggish / thick                 pila -ae f.                   ball                             pilum -i  n.                  javelin                          pinguis -e                    fat                              pipio -are -avi -atum         to chirp / pipe                  pirata -ae  m.                pirate                           pirum -i  n.                  pear                             pisa -orum  n.                peas                             piscator -oris  m.            fisherman                        piscina -ae f.                swimming pool                    piscis -is  m.                fish                             pistor -oris  m.              baker                            pistrina -ae  f.              bakery                           pius -a -um                   loyal / dutiful                  placenta -ae  f.              cake                             placeo -re -ui -iturus       to please                        placet                        it seems good / it is agreed     placidus -a -um               placid                           placo -are -avi -atum         to appease / placate             plagosus -a -um               fond of flogging                 plane                         quite / utterly                  planeta -ae  f.               planet                           plango -re  planxi  planctum to beat / strike noisily         planities -ei  f.             level ground / plain             planus -a -um                 level / flat                     platea -ae f.                 broad street                     plaudo -ere  plausi  plausum  to applaud / clap                plaustrum -i  n.              wagon / cart                     plebeius -i  m.               plebeian                         plebs -is  f.                 common people / folk             plenus -a -um                 full                             plerumque                     generally / usually              plerusque  pleraque  plerumquemost / very many                 pluit -ere  pluit             to rain (it rains)               pluma -ae  f.                 feather                          plurimus -a -um               most / very much / very many     plus  pluris                  more / higher                    pluvia -ae  f.                rain                             poculum -i  n.                cup / pitcher                    poema -atis  n.               poem                             poena -ae f.                  punishment                       poeta -ae  m.                 poet                             politus -a -um                polished / refined               polliceor pollicri pollicitumto promise                       pomarius -i  m.               fruit seller                     pompa -ae f.                  parade                           pomum -i  n.                  fruit                            pondus -deris  n.             weight / authority               pono -ere  posui  positum     to put / place                   pons  pontis  m.              bridge                           pontifex  pontificis  m.      high-priest / pontiff            pontus -i  n.                 the deep sea                     popina -ae  f.                eating-house                     popularis -e                  popular                          populor  populari  populatum  to plunder / devastate           populus -i  m.                people / nation                  porcus -i  m.                 pig                              porta -ae f.                  gate / door                      porto -are -avi -atum         to carry                         portus -s  m.                harbor / port                    posco -ere  poposci           to beg / demand                  possessio -onis  f.           possession / property            possideo -re -sedi -sessum   to settle / have possession of   possum  posse  potui          to be able / can                 post (acc.)                   after                            post                          afterward                        postea                        afterward                        posteaquam                    after                            posteritas -tatis  f.         posterity                        posterum -i  n.               the future                       posterus -a -um               following                        posthac                       henceforth                       postmeridianus -a -um         afternoon / in the afternoon     postpono -ere -posui -positum to put after / postpone          postquam                      after / as soon as               postremo                      finally / lastly                 postridie                     the next day                     postulo -are -avi -atum       to demand                        potens -entis                 able / powerful                  potentia -ae f.               power                            potestas -tatis  f.           power / ability                  potior  potiri  potitum       to get possession of / obtain    potissimum                    most of all / especially         potius                        rather                           poto -are -avi -atum          to drink                         prae (abl.)                   before / ahead of                praebeo -re -ui -itum        to offer / show / prove          praecedo -ere -cessi -cessum  to go before / precede           praeceps -ciptis              headlong                         praeceptum -i  n.             command / order / precept        praecido -ere -cidi -cisum    to cut off                       praecipio -ere -cepi -ceptum  to order / direct / advise       praecipuus -a -us             special / preeminent             praeclarus -a -um             distinguished                    praeco -onis  m.              herald                           praeda -ae  f.                booty / plunder                  praedico -are -avi -atum      to announce / make known         praeditus -a -um (abl.)       endowed with                     praedo -onis  m.              pirate                           praedor -ari -atus sum        to plunder / obtain booty        praefectus -i  m.             commander / officer              praefero -ferre -tuli -latum  to place before / display        praeficio -ere -feci -fectum  to put in command of             praemitto -ere -misi -missum  to send forward / send ahead     praemium  praemi  n.          reward / prize                   praesens -entis               present / in person              praesentia -ium  n.pl.        present circumstances            praesentio -ire -sensi -sensumto feel beforehand               praesertim                    especially / particularly        praesidium -i  n.             guard / defense / protection     praestans -antis              outstanding / remarkable         praesto -are -stiti -stitum   to stand before / show / excel   praesum -esse -fui -futurus   to be in front / be in command   praeter (acc.)                past / beyond / except           praeterea                     furthermore / besides            praetereo -ire -ii -itum      to go by / pass / omit           praeteritus -a -um            past                             praetextatus -a -um           wearing a toga praetexta         praetor -oris  m.             praetor                          praetura -ae  f.              praetorship                      prandium -i  n.               lunch                            prasinus -a -um               dark green                       pratum -i  n.                 meadow                           pravus -a -um                 evil                             preces -um  f.pl.             prayers                          precor -ari -atus sum         to pray to                       prehendo -ere -hendi -hensum  to grasp / seize                 premo -ere  pressi  pressum   to press / overwhelm             pretiosus -a -um              expensive / precious             pretium -ii  n.               price                            prex  precis  f.              prayer / entreaty                pridem                        long ago                         pridie                        on the day before                prima luce                    at first light / at dawn         primo                         at first                         primum                        first / at first                 primus -a -um                 first / the first                princeps -ipis                first                            princeps -ipis  m.            leader / chief / emperor         principatus -s  m.           leadership                       principia -orum  n.pl.        headquarters                      principium -i  n.             beginning / origin               prior  prius                  first                            priscus -a -um                former / old-fashioned           pristinus -a -um              former / original / old-time     pristis -is  f.               shark                            prius                         sooner / before                  priusquam                     before                           privatus -a -um               private / personal               privo -are -avi -atum         to deprive                       pro (abl.)                    for / in behalf of               proavus -i  m.                great-grandfather                probitas -tatis  f.           uprightness / honesty            probo -are -avi -atum         to approve / test / show         procedo -ere -cessi -cessurus to go forth / advance            procella -ae f.               storm / squall                   proconsul -sulis  m.          proconsul / governor             procul                        at a distance / far off          procumbo -ere -ui             to fall down                     prodigium -i  n.              portent / omen                   proditor -oris  m.            betrayer / traitor               prodo -ere -didi -ditum       to bring forth / betray          produco -ere -duxi -ductum    to lead forth / prolong          proelium -i  n.               battle                           profectio -onis  f.           departure                        profecto                      really / surely                  profero -ferre -tuli -latum   to bring forward / extend        professor -oris  m.           professor                        proficio -ere -feci -fectum   to carry out / accomplish        proficiscor -ficisci -fectum  to set out / start               profiteor -ri -fessum        to declare / profess             profor -ari -atus sum         to speak out                     profundo -ere -fudi -fusum    to pour forth                    progredior progredi progressumto advance / go forward          prohibeo -re -ui -itum       to hold back / stop / forbid     proicio -ere -ieci -iectum    to throw forward                 proinde                       hence / accordingly              proles -is  f.                offspring                        promissum -i  n.              promise                          promitto -ere -misi -missum   to promise                       promoveo -ere -movi -motum    to promote                       pronuntio -are -avi -atum     to announce / proclaim           pronus -a -um                 bent forward                     prope (acc.)                  near                             prope                         nearby / nearly                  propero -are -avi -atum       to hasten                        propinquitas -tatis  f.       relationship / nearness          propinquus -a -um             near / close                     propinquus -i  m.             relative                         propius                       nearer                           propono -ere -posui -positum  to put forward / propose         propraetor -oris  m.          pro-praetor / governor           proprius -a -um               personal / characteristic        propter (acc.)                near / on account of             propterea                     for this reason                  propterea quod                because                          prora -ae  f.                 prow / bow of a ship             prosequor prosequi prosecutum to follow after / pursue         prosum -esse -fui -futurus    to benefit / help                protego -ere -texi -tectum    to protect                       protinus                      immediately / at once            proveho -ere -vexi -vectum    to carry forward                 provideo -re -vidi -visum    to foresee / provide             provincia -ae f.              province                         provolo -are -avi -atum       to fly out / rush forth          proxime                       nearest                          proximus -a -um               nearest / previous / last        prudens  prudentis            wise / prudent                   prudenter                     wisely / discreetly              prudentia -ae f.              knowledge / prudence             psittacus -i  m.              parrot                           publicanus -i  m.             tax collector                    publicus -a -um               public / official                pudet -re -uit (inf.)        to be ashamed (impers.)          pudicitia -ae  f.             chastity / modesty / virtue      pudicus -a -um                chaste / modest / virtuous       pudor -oris  m.               modesty / bashfulness            puella -ae f.                 girl                             puer -i  m.                   boy                              pueriliter                    childishly / foolishly           pueritia -ae  f.              boyhood / childhood              pugil -is  m.                 fighter                          pugna -ae f.                  fight / battle                   pugno -are -avi -atum         to fight                         pulcher -chra -chrum          beautiful                        pulchritudo -onis  f.         beauty                           pulso -are -avi -atum         to hit / knock / punch           pulvis -is  m.                dust / cloud of dust             pulvus -eris  n.              dust                             punio -ire -ivi -itum         to punish                        pupa -ae f.                   doll                             pupillus -i  m.               legal ward                       purgo -are -avi -atum         to cleanse                       purpuratus -i  m.             courtier                         purpureus -a -um              purple                           purus -a -um                  pure / free from                 puteus -i  m.                 well                             puto -are -avi -atum          to think                         pyra -ae  f.                  pyre                             pyramis -idis  f.             pyramid                          qua                           where / whereby                  qua de causa                  for this reason                  quadraginta                   forty                            quadringenti                  four hundred                     quaero -ere -sivi -situm      to seek / inquire                quaeso -ere                   to beg / beseech                 quaestio -onis  f.            investigation / inquiry          quaestor -oris  m.            quaestor                         quaestus -s  m.              gain / profit                    qualis -e                     of what sort                     quam                          how                              quam diu                      how long / as long as ...        quam longe                    how far                          quamquam                      although                         quamvis                       however much / although          quando                        when                             quantus -a -um                how great / how much             quare                         because of which / why           quartus -a -um                fourth                           quasi                         as if / like                     quattuordecim                 fourteen                         quattuor                      four                             -que                          and                              quemadmodum                   in what manner / how             querela -ae  f.               complaint                        queror  queri  questum        to complain / find fault with    qui  quae  quod               who / which / that            	   quia                          because                          quicquam                      anything                      	   quidam  quaedam  quiddam      a certain / some                 quidem                        indeed                           quidquam                      anything                      	   quies -etis  f.               rest / quiet                     quiesco -ere quievi quietum   to be quiet                      quietus -a -um                quiet / calm                     quin                          but that / that                  quin etiam                    what is more                     quindecim                     fifteen                          quingenti                     five hundred                     quinquaginta                  fifty                            quinque                       five                             quintus -a -um                fifth                            quis  quis  quid              who / what / anyone / anything	   quisquam  quicquam            anyone  anything              	   quisquis  quidquid            whoever / whatever            	   quo                           from where / whither             quo                           in order that                    quoad                         until / as long as               quod                          because / the fact that          quod si                       but if                           quomodo                       how                              quondam                       once                             quoniam                       since / because                  quoque                        also / too                       quot                          how many                         quotannis                     every year                       quotidie                      daily                            quotiens                      how often / whenever             quotus -a -um                 how much                         radix -icis  f.               root / basis                     raeda -ae  f.                 carriage                         ramus -i  m.                  branch                           rapidus -a -um                fast / rapid                     rapio -ere  rapui  raptum     to seize / snatch / tear away    rapto -are -avi -atum         to seize                         rarus -a -um                  scattered / thin                 rastrum -i  n.                rake / toothed hoe               ratio -onis  f.               plan / account / reason          ratis -is  f.                 raft / vessel                    recedo -ere -cessi -cessum    to go back / retire / recede     recens  recentis              fresh / new / recent             recipio -ere -cepi -ceptum    to take back / receive           recito -are -avi -atum        to read aloud                    recognosco -ere -novi -notum  to recognize / recollect         recreo -are -avi -atum        to restore / revive              rectus -a -um                 straight / right                 recumbo -ere -ui              to lie down / recline            recuperatio -onis  f.         recovery                         recupero -are -avi -atum      to recover                       recuso -are -avi -atum        to refuse                        reddo -ere -didi -ditum       to give back / restore           redeo -ire -ii -iturus        to go back / return              redigo -ere -egi -actum       to drive back / subdue           reditus -s  m.               return                           reduco -ere -duxi -ductum     to lead back                     refero -ferre -tuli -latum    to bring back / report           reficio -ere -feci -fectum    to make again / repair           refugio -ere -fugi -fugitum   to flee back / take refuge       regia -ae  f.                 palace                           regina -ae f.                 queen                            regio -onis  f.               region / district                regius -a -um                 royal                            regno -are -avi -atum         to rule / reign                  regnum -i  n.                 kingdom                          rego -ere  rexi  rectum       to rule / control                regredior -gredi -gressum     to return / go back              regula -ae  f.                straight edge / ruler / model    reicio -ere -ieci -iectum     to throw back / repulse          relego -ere -legi -lectum     to read again / reread           relevo -are -avi -atum        to relieve / alleviate           religio -onis  f.             doctrine / sense of duty         relinquo -ere -licui -lictum  to leave behind / abandon        reliquiae -arum  f.pl.        remains / relics                 reliquus -a -um               left / remaining                 remaneo -re -mansi -mansum   to remain / stay behind          remedium -i  n.               cure / remedy                    remex -igis  m.               rower                            remigo - are -avi -atum       to row                           remitto -ere -misi -missum    to send back / relax             remotus -a -um                removed / distant / remote       removeo -re -movi -motum     to move back / remove            remus -i  m.                  oar                              renuntio -are -avi -atum      to bring back word / report      repello -ere reppeli repulsum to drive back / repulse          repente                       suddenly / unexpectedly          repentinus -a -um             sudden                           reperio -ire -peri -pertum    to find / discover               repetitio -onis  f.           repetition                       repeto -ere -ivi -itum        to seek again / repeat           repo -ere  repsi  reptum      to creep / crawl                 reporto -are -avi -atum       to bring back                    repudio -are -avi -atum       to reject                        repugno -are -avi -atum       to fight against                 requiro -ere -sivi -situm     to seek / need / require         res  rei  f.                  thing / affair / matter          res publica                   state / commonwealth             resisto -ere  restiti         to stand still / resist          respondeo -re  respondi      to answer                        responsum -i  n.              answer / reply / response        resquiesco -ere               to rest                          restituo -ere -ui -utum       to restore / replace / renew     resto -are -stiti             to remain                        rete  retis  n.               net                              retineo -re -tinui -tentum   to retain                        retraho -ere -traxi -tractum  to drag back / draw back         reus -i  m.                   defendant                        revenio -ire -veni -ventum    to come back / return            reverentia -ae f.             respect                          reverto -ere -verti -versum   to come back / return            revertor reverti reversus sum to turn back / return            revoco -are -avi -atum        to recall                        rex  regis  m.                king                             rhetoricus -a -um             rhetorical / of rhetoric         rideo -re  risi  risum       to laugh                         ridiculus -a -um              ridiculous / silly               rima -ae  f.                  crack / fissure                  ripa -ae f.                   bank of a river                  rivus -i  m.                  steam                            rixa -ae f.                   quarrel / brawl                  robur -oris  n.               oak                              robustus -a -um               strong / hardy                   rogo -are -avi -atum          to ask                           rogus -i  m.                  funeral pyre                     rosa -ae f.                   rose                             rosarium -i  n.               rose bed                         roseus -a -um                 pink                             rostrum -i  n.                beak of ship                     rota -ae f.                   wheel                            rotundus -a -um               wheel-shaped / round             ruber -bra -brum              red                              rudo -ere -ivi -itum          to bellow / roar                 rugosus -a -um                wrinkled                         ruinae -arum  f.              ruins                            rumor -oris  m.               report / rumor                   rumpo -ere  rupi  ruptum      to break / burst / tear          ruo -ere  rui  rutum          to rush / fall / be ruined       rupes -is  f.                 rock / cliff                     rursus                        back / again                     rus  ruris  n.                country                          rusticus -a -um               of the country                   rusticus -i  m.               peasant                          sabbatum -i  n.               Sabbath                          saccarum -i  n.               sugar                            sacculus -i  m.               little bag / purse               sacer -cra -crum              sacred                           sacerdos -dotis  m./f.        priest / priestess               sacrificium -i  n.            sacrifice                        sacrilegus -a -um             sacrilegious / impious           saeculum -i  n.               age/generation                   saepe                         often                            saevio -ire  saevii           to be in a rage                  saevitia -ae f.               rage/ferocity                    saevus -a -um                 savage / fierce                  sagitta -ae f.                arrow                            sal -is  m.                   salt                             salio -ire -ui                to jump / leap / bound           salsus -a -um                 salty / witty                    saltem                        at least                         salto -are -avi -atum         to dance                         salus -utis  f.               safety / welfare                 saluto -are -avi -atum        to greet                         salve                         hello!                           salveo -re                   to be in good health             salvus -a -um                 safe / sound                     sancio -ire  sanxi  sanctum   to make sacred / sanction        sanctifico -are -avi -atum    to sanctify / treat as holy      sanctus -a -um                sacred / holy                    sandalium -i  n.              sandal                           sane                          obviously                        sanguis -inis  m.             blood                            sanitas -tatis  f.            health / sanity                  sano -are -avi -atum          to heal                          sanus -a -um                  sound / healthy sane             sapiens -entis                wise                             sapienter                     wisely / sensibly                sapientia -ae f.              wisdom                           sapio -ere  sapivi            to taste / have flavor           sartor -oris  m.              tailor                           satio -are -avi -atum         to satisfy / sate                satis                         enough / sufficiently            satura -ae f.                 satire                           saxum -i  n.                  stone/cliff                      scabies -ei  f.               the itch / mange                 sceleratus -a -um             criminal / wicked                scelestus -a -um              wicked / accursed                scelus -eris  n.              crime                            schola -ae  f.                school                           scientia -ae f.               knowledge                        scilicet                      obviously / of course            scindo -ere  scidi  scissum   to tear / cut up / carve         scio -ire -ivi -itum          to know (a fact)                 scopulus -i  m.               rock / cliff                     scriba -ae  m.                scribe / secretary               scribo -ere  scripsi scriptum to write                         scriptor -oris  m.            writer / author                  sculptor -oris  m.            sculptor                         scutum -i  n.                 shield                           secedo -ere -cessi -cessum    to withdraw / retire             secerno -ere -crevi -cretum   to separate                      secludo -ere -clusi -clusum   to shut off / seclude            seco -are  secui  sectum      to cut                           secretum -i  n.               solitude                         secretus -a -um               secret                           secundum (acc.)               according to                     secundus -a -um               second                           securus -a -um                free from care / untroubled      sed                           but                              sedecim                       sixteen                          sedeo -re  sedi  sessum      to sit                           sedes -is  f.                 seat                             seditio -onis  f.             mutiny                           sedo -are -avi -atum          to soothe / calm                 seductor -oris  m.            seducer                          segrego -are -avi -atum       to segregate / separate          seiunctus -a -um              separated / distinct             sella -ae f.                  seat / chair                     semel                         once                             semen -inis  n.               seed / race                      semihora -ae  f.              half-hour                        semper                        always                           sempiternus -a -um            eternal / perpetual / lasting    senator -oris  m.             senator                          senatus -s  m.               senate                           senectus -tutis  f.           old age                          senesco -ere  senui           to grow old                      senex  senis  m.              old man                          sensus -s  m.                feeling / sense                  sententia -ae f.              feeling/thought                  sentio -ire  sensi  sensum    to feel                          separo -are -avi -atum        to break of / separate           separtim                      separately                       sepelio -ire -ivi  sepultum   to bury                          septem                        seven                            septendecim                   seventeen                        septentriones -um  m.pl.      the north / north wind           septimus -a -um               seventh                          septingenti                   seven hundred                    septuaginta                   seventy                          sepulcrum -i  n.              grave / tomb                     sepultura -ae  f.             burial                           sequor  sequi  secutus sum    to follow                        serenus -a -um                calm / clear                     serius -a -um                 serious / grave                  sermo -onis  m.               conversation / talk              sero                          too late                         sero -ere  sevi  satum        to sow                           serpens -pentis  f.           serpent                          serus -a -um                  late                             servere                       strictly                         serveritas -tatis  f.         strictness                       serverus -a -um               strict / stern                   servio -ire -ivi -itum        to be a slave to / serve         servitium -ii  n.             service / servitude              servitus -tutis  f.           servitude / slavery              servo -are -avi -atum         to save / guard                  servus -i  m.                 slave                            sescenti                      six hundred                      seu                           or if                            seu ... seu ...               whether ... or ...               severe                        severely / sternly               severitas -tatis  f.          severity / strictness            sex                           six                              sexaginta                     sixty                            sextus -a -um                 sixth                            si                            if                               si quis                       if anyone                        sic                           so / thus                        sica -ae f.                   curved sword                     sicut                         just as                          sidus -eris  n.               star / constellation             significo -are -avi -atum     to make signs / signal / show    signo -are -avi -atum         to mark / designate / seal       signum -i  n.                 sign / standard                  silentium -ii  n.             silence                          sileo -re -ui                to silence / quiet               silva -ae f.                  forest                           simia -ae f.                  monkey                           similis -e                    like                             similiter                     similarly                        similitudo -inis  f.          similarity / likeness            simius -ii  m.                ape                              simplex -plicis               simple / unaffected              simul                         at the same time                 simul ac                      as soon as                       simulacrum -i  n.             image / portrait                 simulatio -onis  f.           pretense                         simulo -are -avi -atum        to pretend                       sincere                       sincerely / honestly             sincerus -a -um               sincere                          sine (abl.)                   without                          singularis -e                 singular / unique                singuli -ae -a                one each / one at a time         sinister -tra -trum           left                             sino -ere  sivi  situm        to allow                         sinus -s  m.                 fold / gulf / bay                sitio -ire -ivi               to be thirsty                    sito -ere  stiti  statum      to cause to stand / place        situs -a -um                  situated / placed / located      sive                          or if                            sive ... sive ...             whether ... or ...               societas -tatis  f.           alliance / kinship               socius -i  m.                 ally                             sol -is  m.                   sun                              solea -ae  f.                 sandal                           soleo -re  solitus sum       to be accustomed                  solitudo -inis  f.            solitude / loneliness            solitus -a -um                accusomed / usual                solium -i  n.                 throne / bathtub                 sollicito -are -avi -atum     to disturb / arouse / incite     sollicitudo -inis  f.         anxiety / concern                sollicitus -a -um             troubled / anxious / disturbed   solum                         only                             solum -i  n.                  bottom / sole                    solus -a -um                  alone                            solutus -a -um                alone / only                     solvo -ere  solvi  solutum    to loosen / pay                  somnium -i  n.                dream                            somnus -i  m.                 sleep                            sonitus -s  m.               sound                            sono -are -ui -itum           to make a sound                  sopor -oris  m.               deep sleep                       sordes -ium  f.pl.            filth / meanness / stinginess    sordidus -a -um               dirty                            soror -oris  f.               sister                           sors  sortis  f.              lot / chance                     spargo -ere  sparsi  sparsum  to scatter / spread / strew      spatium -i  n.                space/length of time             species -ei  f.               appearance                       spatiosus -a -um              spacious                         spatium -i  n.                space / distance / period        spectaculum -i  n.            show / spectacle                 specto -are -avi -atum        to look at                       speculum -i  n.               mirror                           specus -s  m.                cave                             spelunca -ae f.               cave / cavern                    sperno -ere sprevi spretum    to scorn / despise / spurn       spero -are -avi -atum         to hope for                      spes  spei  f.                hope                             spina -ae f.                  thorn / backbone                 spiritus -s  m.              breathing / breath               spiro -are -avi -atum         to breathe / be alive            splendidus -a -um             splendid                         splendor -oris  m.            grandeur / brightness            spolio -are -avi -atum        to strip / despoil / rob         spolium -i  n.                skinned hide                     spondeo -re -spopondi -ponsumto promise / vow                 sponte                        voluntarily                      stabilis -e                   stable / steadfast               stabulum -i  n.               stable                           stadium -ii  n.               stadium                          stagnum -i  n.                pool of water                    statim                        immediately                      statio -onis  f.              outpost                          statua -ae f.                 statue                           statuo -ere -ui -utum         to decide                        statura -ae f.                stature/size                     status -s  m.                position / state / status        stella -ae f.                 star                             sterno -ere  stravi  stratum  to spread out / smooth / pave    stilus -i  m.                 stylus / pen                     stipendium -i  n.             military service                 sto  stare  steti  staturus   to stand                         stola -ae  f.                 stola / long dress               stomachus -i  m.              stomach                          stramentum -i  n.             straw                            strangulo -are -avi -atum     to strangle / choke              strenuus -a -um               energetic                        strepitus -s  m.             din / noise / uproar             stringo -ere strinxi strictum to draw (a sword)                struo -ere  struxi  structum  to contrive / build / arrange    studeo -re -ui  (dat.)       to study / be eager for          studiosus -a -um              to be full of zeal / eager       studium -i  n.                eagerness/study                  stultitia -ae  f.             foolishness                      stultus -a -um                foolish                          stultus -i  m.                a fool                           stupidus -a -um               stupid                           stuprum -i  n.                debauchery                       suadeo -ere  suasi  suasum    to urge / persuade               suaffragium  suaffragi  n.    ballot / vote                    suavis -e                     sweet                            suaviter                      sweetly                          sub (abl.)                    under                            sub (acc.)                    up to / towards                  subduco -ere -duxi -ductum    to draw up / beach (a ship)      subeo -ire -ii -itum          to undergo / go under            subito                        suddenly                         subitus -a -um                sudden                           subiungo -ere -iunxi -iunctum to subject / subjugate           sublevo -are -avi -atum       to lift up / lift / assist       submitto -ere -misi -missum   to send to help                  subrideo -ere -risi -risum    to smile                         subsellium -ii  n.            bench / seat                     subsequor -sequi -secutum     to follow up / follow closely    subsido -ere -sessi -sessum   to subside / calm down           subsidium -ii  n.             aid / assistance / support       subterraneus -a -um           below the ground                 subtilis -e                   fine / thin / precise            subvenio -ire -veni -ventum   to help / come to help           succedo -ere -cessi -cessum   to take the place of / suceed    succurro -ere -curri -cursum  to come to the help of           sucus -i  m.                  juice                            sudo -are -avi -atum          to sweat                         sum  esse  fui  futurus       to be / exist                    summa -ae f.                  sum / whole                      summus -a -um                 highest / most                   sumo -ere  sumpsi  sumptum    to take up / eat                 sumptiosus -a -um             expensive / lavish / costly      sumptus -i  m.                expense / cost                   supellex -lectilis  f.        furniture / apparatus            super (acc.)                  over / above                     superbia -ae f.               pride                            superbus -a -um               proud / haughty                  superior -ius                 upper / previous (time)          supero -are -avi -atum        to conquer                       supersum -esse -fui -futurus  to survive / outlive             superus -a -um                above                            supplex -icis                 suppliant                        supplicatio -onis  f.         thanksgiving to the gods         supplicium -i  n.             punishment                       supplico -are -avi -atum      to pray to                       suppono -ere -posui -positum  to put under / place under       supporto -are -avi -atum      to bring up                      supra (acc.)                  above                            surculus -i  m.               shoot / sprout                   surgo -ere  surrexi  surrectumto rise                          suscenseo -re -censui -censumto be angry                      suscipio -ere -cepi -ceptum   to undertake                     suspendo -ere -pendi -pensum  to hang up / suspend             suspicor -ari -atus sum       to suspect                       suspirium -i  n.              sigh                             sustineo -re -ui -tentum     to uphold / support              susurro -are -avi -atum       to whisper                       suus -a -um                   his / her / its / their          synagoga -ae  f.              synagogue                        tabella -ae f.                wax tablet                       tabellarius -i  m.            letter-carrier / courier         taberna -ae  f.               store / shop / inn               tabernaculum -i  n.           hut / tent                       tabernarius -ii  m.           store-owner                      tablinum -i  n.               home office                      tabula -ae f.                 board / plank                    taceo -re -ui -itum          to keep silent                   tacite                        quietly / silently               tacitus -a -um                quiet                            taedet -re  taeduit  taesum  to be tiring / cause boredom     talentum -i  n.               talent / a large sum of money    talis -e                      of that sort                     talis ... qualis ...          such ... as ...                  tam                           so / to such a degree            tam ... quam ...              as much ... as ...               tam diu dum                   so long as                       tamen                         nevertheless                     tametsi                       although / and yet               tamquam                       as it were / so to speak         tamquam                       just as / like / as              tandem                        at last / finally                tango -ere  tetigi  tactum    to touch                         tantum                        only                             tantus -a -um                 so great                         tardo -are -avi -atum         to delay                         tardus -a -um                 slow / tardy                     taurus -i  m.                 bull                             tectum -i  n.                 roof                             tego -ere  texi  tectum       to cover                         tellus -uris  f.              earth / land / the earth         telum -i  n.                  weapon                           temere                        rashly / blindly                 temeritas -tatis  f.          rashness / temerity              temperantia -ae  f.           moderation / self-control        temperantia -ae  f.           moderation / restraint           tempero -are -avi -atum       to be moderate / restrain        tempestas -atis  f.           weather / storm                  templum -i  n.                temple                           temptatio -onis  f.           trial / temptation               tempto -are -avi -atum        to test / try                    tempus -oris  n.              time                             tendo -ere tetendi tentum     to stretch out / extend          tenebrae -arum  f.pl.         shades / darkness                teneo -re -ui  tentum        to hold / keep / possess         tener -era -erum              soft / delicate / tender         tenuis -e                     thin / slight / feeble           tergum -i  n.                 back / rear                      terminus -i  m.               boundary                         tero -ere  trivi  tritum      to rub / wear out                terra -ae f.                  earth                            terreo -re -ui -itum         to frighten / terrify            terribilis -e                 frightful / dreadful             terror -oris  m.              terror                           tertius -a -um                third                            testamentum -i  n.            will                             testamonium  testamoni  n.    testimony                        testis -is  m./f.             witness                          testor -ari -atum             to call to witness               theatrum -i  n.               theater                          thema -atis  n.               theme                            thermae -arum  f.pl.          warm springs                     thesaurus -i  m.              treasure/hoard                   tignum -i  n.                 log / stick / trunk of a tree    tigris -is  f.                tiger                            timeo -re -ui -itum          to fear                          timide                        timidly                          timidus -a -um                timid                            timor -oris  m.               fear                             titulus -i  m.                label / title                    toga -ae f.                   toga                             togatus -a -um                wearing a toga                   tolero -are -avi -atum        to endure / tolerate             tollo -ere  sustuli  sublatum to raise / remove / destroy      tomaclum -i  n.               sausage                          tondeo -re totondi tonsum    to shear / clip                  tonsor -oris  m.              barber                           tonsura -ae  f.               haircut                          tormentum -i  n.              torture / torture device         tot                           so many                          tot ... quot ...              as many ... as ...               totidem                       just as many                     totiens                       so often                         totus -a -um                  whole                            trabs -is  f.                 beam / timber                    tracto -are -avi -atum        to drag about / handle           trado -ere -didi -ditum       to hand over / surrender         traduco -ere -duxi -ductum    to lead across / bring over      tragoedia -ae f.              tragedy                          traho -ere  traxi  tractum    to draw / drag                   traiectus -s  m.             crossing                         trano -are -avi -atum         to swim over / swim across       tranquillitas -tatis  f.      calm / peace                     trans (acc.)                  across                           transcendo -ere               to board (ship)                  transeo -ire -ii -itum        to go across                     transfero -ferre -tuli -latum to transfer                      transeo -ire -ii -itum        to bring across / transport      transporto -are -avi -atum    to carry across / transport      trecenti                      three hundred                    tredecim                      thirteen                         tremo -ere -ui                to tremble                       trepide                       with trepidation                 trepido -are -avi -atum       to tremble / panic               tres  tria                    three                            tribunal -alis  n.            magistrates' raised platform     tribunus -i  m.               tribune                          tribuo -ere -ui -utum         to allot / assign / grant        tributum -i  n.               tax / tribute                    triclinium -i  n.             dining-couch / dining-room       tridens -entis  m.            trident                          triduum -ui  n.               period of three days             triginta                      thirty                           triplex -icis                 threefold / triple               tristis -e                    sad                              tristitia -ae f.              sadness / gloom                  triticum -i  n.               wheat                            triumphus -i  m.              triumph                          trucido -are -avi -atum       to cut to pieces / slaughter     truncus -i  m.                tree-trunk                       tu                            you                           	   tuba -ae f.                   war trumpet                      tuber -eris  n.               hump                             tueor turi tutum             to watch / guard                 tum                           then / at that time              tumor -oris  m.               tumor / swelling                 tumultus -i  m.               confusion / tumult               tumulus -i  m.                mound / tomb                     tunc                          then / at that time              tunica -ae f.                 tunic                            turba -ae f.                  crowd                            turpis -e                     base / cowardly                  turris -is  f.                tower                            tutela -ae f.                 guardianship                     tutus -a -um                  safe                             tuus -a -um                   your                             tyrannus -i  m.               absolute leader                  ubi                           when / where                     ubique                        everywhere                       ulciscor -i  ultus sum        to avenge / punish               ullus -a -um                  any                              ultimus -a -um                last                             ultio -onis  f.               revenge                          ultra (acc.)                  beyond                           umbra -ae f.                  shadow                           umerus -i  m.                 shoulder                         umidus -a -um                 wet / liquid                     umquam                        ever / at any time               unda -ae f.                   wave / water                     unde                          from where                       undecim                       eleven                           undeviginti                   nineteen                         undique                       from all around                  universi -ae -a               all together                     unus -a -um                   one                              un                           at the same time / together      un cum                       together with                    urbanus -a -um                of the city / refined            urbs  urbis  f.               city                             urgeo -re  ursi              to press / push / urge           urna -ae f.                   pitcher / urn                    uro -ere  ussi  ustum         to burn                          ursus -i  m.                  bear                             usitatus -a -um               usual / customary                usquam                        at any place / anywhere          usque                         all the way / right through      usus -s  m.                  use                              usus est                      there is need                    ut                            as / in order that               uter  utra  utrum             each (of two) / both / either    uterque  utraque  utrumque    each of two / both               uterus -i  m.                 womb                             uti                           that / as / when                 utilis -e                     useful / advantageous            utinam                        would that / if only             utor  uti  usus sum           to use                           utque                         at least                         utrimque                      on both sides                    utrum ... an ...              whether ... or ...               uva -ae f.                    grape                            uxor -oris  f.                wife                             vaca -ae  f.                  cow                              vaco -are -avi -atum          to be free from                  vacuus -a -um                 empty / free from                vado -ere                     to go                            vadum -i  n.                  ford / shallows                  vae                           alas / woe                    
   vagor  varari  vagatum        to stroll about / wander         vagus -a -um                  strolling / rambling / vagrant   valde                         very much / very                 vale                          farewell / good-by               valeo -re -ui -iturus        to be strong                     valetudo -dinis  f.           health                           validus -a -um                strong                           valles -is  f.                valley                           vallum -i  n.                 rampart / fortification          vanitas -tatis  f.            emptiness / vanity               vanus -a -um                  empty / void                     varius -a -um                 various                          vas  vasis  n.                urn / vase                       vasto -are -avi -atum         to lay waste                     vastus -a -um                 unoccupied / waste / vast        vates  vatis  m./f.           soothsayer / bard                -ve                           or                               vectigal -alis  n.            tax / tribute / revenue          vectigalis -e                 tributary                        vector -oris  m.              passenger / seafarer             vehemens -entis               violent / vehement               vehementer                    violently / loudly               vehiculum -i  n.              vehicle                          veho -ere  vexi  vectum       to carry / convey                vel                           or                               vel ... vel ...               either ... or ...                velamen -inis  n.             cover / clothing                 vello -ere  velli  velsum     to pluck / tear away / destroy   velifico -are -avi -atum      to operate the sails             velo -are -avi -atum          to cover / wrap                  vello -ere  velli  vulsum     to pluck / pull / tug at         vellus -eris  n.              fleece                           velox -ocis                   swift                            velum -i  n.                  sail / veil                      velut                         even as / just as / as if        venatio -onis  f.             hunting-party                    venator -oris  m.             hunter                           venditor -oris  m.            vendor / seller                  vendo -ere  vendidi  venditum to sell                          venenum -i  n.                drug / poison                    veneror -ari -atum            to worship / pray                venia -ae f.                  kindness / favor / mercy         venio -ire  veni  venturus    to come                          venter -tris  m.              stomach / belly                  ventito -are -avi -atum       to come often                    ventus -i  m.                 wind                             venus -eris  f.               loveliness / beauty / grace      ver  veris  n.                spring                           verber -eris  n.              flogging                         verbero -are -avi -atum       to strike / beat                 verbum -i  n.                 word                             vere                          truly                            vereor -ri -itus sum         to fear                          veritas -tatis  f.            truth                            vero                          in truth / indeed                verso -are -avi -atum         to keep turning                  versor -ari -atum             to busy oneself / be engaged     versus -s  m.                verse / line of poetry           vertex -icis  m.              whirlpool / whirlwind            verto -ere  verti  versum     to turn                          verum                         but                              verus -a -um                  true                             vescor  vesci                 to use as food / feed / eat      vesper -eris  m.              evening                          vespillo -onis  m.            undertaker                       vester -tra -trum             your (pl)                        vestiarius -i  m.             clothing salesman                vestigium -i  n.              footprint                        vestimentia -ae  f.           clothing / garment               vestimentum -i  n.            clothing                         vestio -ire -ivi -itum        to clothe                        vestis -is  f.                clothing                         veto -are  vetui  vetitum     to forbid                        vetus -eris                   old                              vexillum -i  n.               military banner / standard       vexo -are -avi -atum          to harass / annoy                via -ae f.                    way / road                       vicinus -a -um                neighboring                      victima -ae  f.               sacrificial beast / victim       victor -toris  m.             conqueror                        victoria -ae f.               victory                          victrix -icis                 victorious                       victus -s  m.                living / mode of life            vicus -i  m.                  village / block                  videlicet                     doubtless / evidently            video -re  vidi  visum       to see                           videor -ri  visus sum        to seem / seem best              vigeo -re -ui                to thrive / be lively            vigil -is                     awake / alert                    vigilantia -ae  f.            watchfulness                     vigilia -ae  f.               wakefulness / watch              vigilo -are -avi -atum        to be watchful / be awake        viginti                       twenty                           vigor -oris  m.               vigor / liveliness               villa -ae f.                  farmhouse                        vincio -ire  vinxi  vinctum   to bind / tie up                 vinco -ere  vici  victum      to defeat                        vinculum -i  n.               band / cord / chain              vindico -are -avi -atum       to claim / defend / punish       vinea -ae f.                  vineyard                         vinum -i  n.                  wine                             violo -are -avi -atum         to violate                       vir -i  m.                    man                              virga -ae f.                  green twig                       virgo -inis  f.               maiden                           viridis -e                    light green                      virilis -e                    of a man                         virtus -tutis  f.             courage / virtue                 vis  vim  vi   f.             force / violence                 visito -are -avi -atum        to visit                         vita -ae f.                   life                             vitiosus -a -um               full of vice / vicious           vitium -ii  n.                fault / vice / crime             vito -are -avi -atum          to avoid / shun                  vituperatio -onis  f.         blame / censure                  vitupero -are -avi -atum      to find fault with / curse       vivo -ere  vixi  victurus     to live                          vivus -a -um                  alive / living                   vix                           scarcely                         vobiscum                      with you (pl.)                   voco -are -avi -atum          to call                          volo  velle  volui            to wish / want to                volo -are -avi -atum          to fly                           volucris -is  f.              bird / winged creature           volumen -inis  n.             roll / volume                    voluntarius -a -um            voluntary                        voluntas -tatis  f.           good will                        voluptas -tatis  f.           pleasure                         vos                           you (pl.)                     	   votum -i  n.                  vow / prayer                     voveo -re  vovi  votum       to vow / promise solemnly        vox  vocis  f.                voice                            vulgus -i  n.                 mob                              vulnero -are -avi -atum       to wound                         vulnus -eris  n.              wound                            vulpes -is  f.                fox                              vultus -s  m.                expression                       zephyrus -i  m.               the west wind                    