PORTUGAL.TXT -- Portugal, for FS5(.0a).                                      |
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Version 2 of scenery, done completely with SCASM.                            |
Portions of this text file have been revised and new text added.             |
Such changes are highlighted by | near the right margin.                     |

I am making the contents of this PORTUGAx.ZIP freely available for the use of 
the Flight Sim community, but I do retain the rights of authorship; if you 
reverse engineer any of this work, you should not start modifying and 
reposting it, or worse, misrepresent the results as all your own work.

The various elements of this PORTUGAx.zip must remain together, and no 
portion of it may be used elsewhere without my permission. Reasonable, no?

It goes without saying that the contents of this package (as outlined
below), may not be repackaged by others, in whole or in part, as freeware,
shareware, or, even worse, commercially, on any medium.

CONTENTS:
^^^^^^^^
PORTUGAL.BGL    One BGL does it all (slight violation of the rules)          |

BONECO01.PT     Bitmap
RUNWAY00.R8     Replacement for standard soil/sand runway (see Credits below)
ARID.R8         Replacement for standard texture (from my FS5AR8V1.ZIP)
BURB.R8              "
BURB2.R8             "
BURB3.R8             "
CITY.R8              "
DESERT.R8            "
FARM.R8              "
MEDCITY.R8           "
PRARIE.R8            "      Yes, that's their spelling                       |
NEEDLE.R8       Replacement texture, *newer* than equivalent in my FS5AR8V1
SWAMP.R8        Replacement texture, *newer* than equivalent in PORTUGA1     |

PORTUGAL.GIF    Outline of Portugal, showing location of principal navaids
PORTUGAL.TXT    This documentation file
PORTTECH.TXT    Technical documentation file: airports, navaids
FILE_ID.DIZ     PCBoard description

Remove the version 1 PORTUG-I.BGL and PORTUG-V.BGL, from the \scenery        |
subdir, if you have them, naturally.                                         |
Place PORTUGAL.BGL in the \scenery subdir.                                   |
Place R8s and BONECO01.PT in the \texture subdir.   <-- Don't forget!        |

I have the slight feeling that some users are running out of disk space
from all the new textures that come with additional sceneries. So I tried
to make do with my modified stock scenery blocks (and saved myself a lot of 
work too!). R8s will replace others with the same name, so that any increase
in disk space is truly minimal. 
You may wish to save the original ones prior to making this change...

Remember that FS5(.0a) does not "see" beyond the first 128 BGLs in the
\scenery subdir!

If you use PORTUGAL, I also recommend that you obtain the complete 
FS5AR8V1.zip (from ftp.iup.edu, [anonymous.flight-sim.fs5.scenery], for 
instance), which is a collection of modified texture files (.R8s) as a 
replacement for the default FS5.0a; they are not strictly necessary, but 
since those are the textures which I am now using, the scenery may tend to 
look more homogeneous.
In order to obviate the need for users to obtain this, I have included here 
nine of those R8s (from ARID to PRARIE), which are practically essential for
a proper display with what I deem to be adequate color balancing.
The use of the textures in FS5AR8V1 will also improve other sceneries and
even the default FS5 appearance. 
In addition, it allows for optimum use of FS5AWINT.zip, which is my "winter"
palette (also available at ftp.iup.edu, same dir.).

I have not yet produced a version 2 (FS5AR8V2), because it is not really
required. However, while doing Portugal, I made minor improvements to two
textures contained in version 1, and you should use NEEDLE and SWAMP as
included here, superseding those from FS5AR8V1.

Shameless plug: If you want a somewhat interesting exercise, obtain my 
previous scenery AZORES3.zip, and try flying from continental Portugal to 
the Azores.
You won't even need to clear customs!

Update to shameless plug: AZORES4 will come out in the not too distant fu-   |
ture, also done with SCASM, featuring the same type of dynamic scenery in    |
more locations and also including runway extensions, which I didn't get      |
to use here, simply because none of these runways happen to have any!        |

COMPATIBILITY:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Scenery matches EURBGL II (by Hans van Wijhe) and uses some of its navaids.
The Lisbon and Faro airports you will see are from EURBGL.

Unknown compatibility with commercial EUROPE 1.
Probably compatible until such a time (if ever) a commercial Euro 4 or 5     |
comes out including the Iberian Peninsula...                                 |
I think we're safe for a while.                                              |

CREDITS:
^^^^^^^
SCASM is a scenery compiler for FS5 designed by Manfred Moldenhauer of       |
Hamburg, Germany. The two compilers previously available (see below) needed  |
to be used together, because neither completely fulfilled our needs.         |
Manfred produced a BGLCOMP-like compiler which goes even further than the    |
sum of BGLGEN and BGLCOMP, permitting things like working dynamic scenery    |
and the activation of the LandMe feature, in addition to certain niceties    |
for designer/programmers (or is it now programmer/designers?).               |
I simply cannot credit Manfred enough, not just for the fantastic work he's  |
done, but for making it available to the fltsim community in general, and    |
finally for his support and cooperative, friendly replies to those who have  |
taken the time to give him some practical use feedback.                      |

The PAPIs and APAPIs used in some runways use a macro which was initiated    |
by him, and was later modified and unified by J.C. Monteiro and myself.      |

However, as far as I am concerned, it all started with these two below, who  |
obviously deserve credit even though their product, strictly speaking, is    |
not used in this scenery:                                                    |

BGLGEN is a synthetic scenery compiler, not a true designer like ASD for FS4.
Its author is Enno Borgsteede, Amsterdam, and I hereby present my Dank U Wel
to him. Its output is restricted to the scenery building blocks which come
with FS5.

BGLCOMP is a scenery-designing compiler, authored by Hiroo Umeno, of San
Diego, California, USA. His work also leaves me with respect and admiration.
I believe that he is also the creator of BMP2R8.

Olivier Briot, Montpllier, France, has made it a habit of developing tools 
which make it easier for people to learn how to use both of the above, and 
has also produced a tutorial document on BGLCOMP. I thank him for his 
efforts in this field.

Bill Roccia of Philadelphia put together the package which allows us to
transform bitmaps into "paintable" BMP files; without it, a lot of what
we do would not be possible. Thanks, Bill!

RUNWAY00.R8 is a replacement for the soil runway texture. It is the result
of excellent work by Peter Schfer and came with his Austria scenery. Its
inclusion here is authorized by Peter, to whom goes my appreciation. I also
encourage others to obtain his Austria scenery and his later works, specifi- |
cally Hong-Kong.                                                             |

Portugal's runways were initially positioned in a BGLGEN'd file of the
same name by my friend Jos Carlos Monteiro of Lisbon (the "j" is pronounced
as in French, not as in Spanish). There was no terrain in this BGL, so they
all had been placed at an altitude of zero, along with some NDBs. JCM's
contribution was invaluable in that he provided me with airfield documenta-
tion from the Portuguese authorities. After I had micro-managed land profiles
and, in order to set up displaced thresholds, transferred runways to BGLCOMP
format and tweaked some parameters, Jos Carlos (who's pretty fussy himself)
practically insisted on calculating correct VASI displacements, so I "let"
him. He was also instrumental in doing the initial calculations for the
positioning of Porto's TDZLs. I have the feeling that he may have gone as 
high as the Minister of Transport, in his absolutely dogged endeavors to 
obtain the most current info available and all his efforts and interest are 
deeply felt and thanked.


SCENERY REMARKS:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This Portugal scenery is mostly synthetic. It uses some EURBGL II navaids and
adds several others. 
The Lisbon and Faro airports are from EUR and have been left unaltered, with 
the exception of the addition of correctly-positioned outer markers in Lisbon.
Unfortunately, the Faro land area has some viewing problems, of the now-you-
-see-it-now-you-don't kind. The Lisbon area's outline is fairly inaccurate 
in EUR (particularly south of the Tagus river). I have attempted to patch it 
up a bit, rather than doing it from scratch and requiring users to drop the 
popular EUR II. The Tagus river shows a bit of an interruption between its 
estuary (EUR II) and its representation in this scenery. 
You're no sorrier than I am, I guarantee you, and if I ever discover how to 
overlay some of the EUR contents, it'll be done.
I could suggest that users run Enrico Schiratti's AREAKILL, and provide an   |
appropriate .KIL file, but I feel uneasy about recommending that the work    |
of others be discarded...                                                    |
If I get such requests, I'll think about it for version 3...                 |

The major airport at Porto was done with BGLCOMP for version 1, and was my   |
first attempt at such head-breaking work, including an alternately flashing 
refueling spot panel, advertising Portugal's national airline and petroleum
company.
Beware of the dynamic models nearby, but if you park on either side of the   |
panel (I saved you a couple of open stands), your tanks will be refilled.    |
Even if you arrive at night, you can see where you're going, because the     |
aprons are "floodlit".                                                       |

Porto *is* the highlight of this scenery, and is the only area where dynamic |
scenery exists (for now). You should keep your eyes open, for cycles are     |
very long and realistic, with *no* repositioning cheats: only the initial    |
position of the models is set; all the intervening positions are relative.   |

If you chase the aircraft (maybe a bit difficult on a 486), you will find    |
that they really *are flying* their cycle, and not simply disappearing to    |
suddenly appear somewhere else.                                              |
Unfortunately, FS5 makes it more difficult to follow dynamic scenery than    |
FS4 ever did: models vanish too early, no dots are shown at their location   |
and the map view neglects to show anything to do with dynamism!              |
One of the consequences is that a model may appear suddenly with no warning! |

The Porto airport is named after the late politician S Carneiro, who died   |
in a suspicious aircraft crash, and (in my scenery) the aircraft is still    |
there...                                                                     |

A slight insertion here regarding the use of accents on some of the names:   |
I've made an effort to properly accentuate the letters (as in S above)      |
where FS5 allows it... For instance, on menus, accented characters do not    |
cause any problem; but on the LandMe airport name and elsewhere, such        |
characters do not function properly. So if you see both Alij and Alijo',    |
or Bragana and Braganca, you know why...                                                              |

Oh, yes, *all* airports have the LandMe feature activated for either runway  |
end, depending on wind direction. But some of those landings are a real      |
laugh...                                                                     |
I know that Bruce Artwick is a pilot, but I certainly hope that the algo-    |
rithm used is not an exact copy of his landing technique...                  |
Just kidding, I expect it's not easy to write such a routine.                |                                        |

This version 2 also corrects a "little" bug which sometimes made the PC      |
freeze up in the Porto area... Sorry about that, it really was not easy to   |
notice, and much less to fix...                                              |

The defined limits in the BGL are North 35 to 45, West 5 to 10.

The pertinent data were taken from Tactical Pilotage Charts TPC G-1A and F-1D,
from the applicable Flight Information Supplement and from the few available 
IAPs. All the other materials re. runway measurements, markers, lights and 
placement, additional navaids and even photos were supplied by the afore-
mentioned Jos Carlos Monteiro.

See PORTTECH.TXT for the technical details.

Probable future enhancements: All civilian airports, military airfields,
more designed scenery (as opposed to synthetic) and more dynamic scenery.    |

The Iberian peninsula's western "edge" on the standard FS5(.0a) only extends 
to approximately 8 26' West, thus leaving more than one full degree as open 
sea. The present scenery supplies the missing "land" and most civilian 
airports.

In order to provide continuity, I also had to cover some Spanish land. For
simplicity's sake and for technical reasons I chose the eastern limit of 
incursion to be a meridian along 5 37' 30". The Spanish coastline has been 
rendered accurately in western Galiza and southwestern Andaluzia, but the 
remainder is only approximate. Spanish airfields, urban areas and bodies of 
water are not included, because they are beyond the scope of this work. 
I hope that one or more of the several fltsimmers/designers from Spain will 
one day have some fun doing their home country, and they are invited to 
contact me if that would necessitate alterations to my scenery.                  

The previous paragraph was already present in this text file with version 1. |
Since the publication of PORTUGA1 (12 March 1995), the adjoining scenery     |
ESPANA1 (Spain) was released (approx. 23 April 1995). The coordinate enve-   |
lope of the latter includes *all* of the Portugal region (to W 10), even     |
though the .doc indicates that it only goes as far west as W 05 (which would |
be patently insufficient to cover all of Spain).                             |

The following are some technical comments for the good of those who wish to  |
use Portugal or Spain or both.                                               |
The author of ESPANA1 did not make any request for adjustment to my scenery, |
which is perfectly alright. Instead, some synthetic scenery tiles were over- |
laid by others with a higher altitude, which does the trick as far as produ- |
cing what the author wanted, but is inefficient from the point of view of    |
getting the best possible frame rate.                                        |

A cursory examination of the visual BGL shows that ESPANA1 really appears    |
to depend on the presence of the Portugal scenery for the portions of Span-  |
ish coastline referenced above, for very few tiles are placed in those       |
areas.                                                                       |
However, the .doc file does not indicate this need, and indeed does not      |
make any reference to the existence of PORTUGA1.                             |

This means that users of ESPANA1 who did not have PORTUGA1 would not have    |
seen decent coastlines (would have none at all in Galiza), even though the   |
.doc states "sceneries cover every square inch of the Nation".               |
So, if you have experienced such a situation, that may be the explanation,   |
and adding Portugal to your collection would fix that.                       |

The corollary is that, if you had version 1 of Portugal (or now this one),   |
a small portion of your Spain really comes from the Portugal scenery, and    |
therefore you should be aware of such a need, whether or not you plan to     |
use Portugal.                                                                |

On another tack, that same cursory examination of the visual BGL also re-    |
vealed at least one error (possible "typo" or other kind), which places      |
a tile from the ESPANA1 visual BGL well within Portuguese territory.         |
I did not investigate this any further, but if you experience anything odd,  |
please report it to whomever you think is best.                              |


                        ----------  XXX  -----------

Portugal? What's Portugal? One of the quotes from a (Portuguese...) poet is
"The country that gave new worlds to the world", in reference to the disco-
veries of the Portuguese navigators of the 15th century.

That was a long time ago, and now Portugal is only a minor member of the
European Union. It still has its own language (not to be confused with
Spanish) which it carried many years before into Brazil and what are now
independent countries in Africa and in the Atlantic Ocean.

However, Brazilian soap operas are now pervasive on the three TV networks,
and the influence/dominance is reversed. This has nothing to do with flight
simulators, but bear in mind that if you "fly" over the southwestern tip
of Portugal, you are visiting the place where Prince Henry (the Navigator)
set up his sailing and charting school (not even a 286 in sight), and from
where men (some would say those who had nothing to lose) sailed away without
any idea as to where they would end up; worse yet, the only thing they "knew"
at first, was that if they weren't careful, they would fall off the edge
of the Earth... Sort of makes video card problems seem small by comparison...


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Toronto, 95/03/12 - Version 1
Toronto, 95/05/23 - Version 2

carlos.coimbra@westonia.com
carlos.coimbra@odxabbs.tor250.org
aa713@torfree.net
and FSFan, ILINK, NANET or RIME simulator conferences.
