

                            Deep Sky 2000
                                v1.2 





CONTENTS

License and Warranty                                   1
Disclaimer and Agreement                               2
Registration                                           3
Introduction                                           5
Program Requirements                                   6
Using Deep Sky 2000                                    7
Command Functions Overview                             7
                  SKY                                  7
                  PLOT                                 7
                  SCOPES                               7
                  SEARCH                               7


Command Functions Details                              8
                  SKY                                  8
                  PLOT                                 8
                  SCOPES                               8
                  SEARCH                               9


Using the Main Screen                                  10
                  Keyboard Functions                   10
                  Mouse Functions                      10


Appendix A   NGC Catalogue Descriptions                13
Appendix B   Constellation Abbreviations               15
Appendix C   Deep Sky Catalogue Sources                16

LICENSE DETAILS
LIMITED WARRANTY


	Deep Sky 2000 is a shareware product, it is not free. Shareware
distribution gives users a chance to try software before buying it. If
you try a Shareware program and continue using it, you are expected to
register. With your registration of Deep Sky 2000 , you will receive 
the latest version of the software and documentation.


	Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software,
the author retains all rights, with a few specific exceptions as stated
below.  You are specifically granted the right to copy and distribute
the Deep Sky 2000 package, complete and unmodified, as described in the
Disclaimer-Agreement section below.

	Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. The
Shareware system makes fitting your needs easier, because you can try it
before you buy it. And because the overhead is low, prices are low.
Shareware has the ultimate money-back guarantee -- if you don't use the
product, you don't pay for it.

				-2-			

			DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT

Users of Deep Sky 2000 must accept this disclaimer of warranty:

"Deep Sky 2000 is supplied as is. The author disclaims all
warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation,
the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose.
The author assumes no liability for damages, direct or consequential,
which may result from the use of Deep Sky 2000."

Deep Sky 2000 is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to the user
for evaluation.  Feel free to share it with your friends, but please do not
give it away altered or as part of another system.  The essence of
"user-supported" software is to provide personal computer users with quality
software without high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers
to continue to develop new products.  If you find this program useful and
find that you are using Deep Sky 2000 and continue to use Deep Sky 2000 after 
a reasonable trial period, you must make a registration payment of $59.95
to the author (please use the registration form below). The $59.95
registration fee will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one 
time.  You must treat this software just like a book.  An example is that this 
software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved from one 
computer location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being 
used at one location while it's being used at another. It is just like a book 
which cannot be read by two different people at the same time.

Commercial users of Deep Sky 2000 must register and pay for their copies of
Deep Sky 2000 within 30 days of first use or their license is withdrawn.
Site-License arrangements may be made by contacting the author.

Anyone distributing Deep Sky 2000 for any kind of remuneration must first
contact the author at the address below for authorization. The author
should be advised so that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with the 
latest version of Deep Sky 2000.

Disk Vendors, Shareware Distributors and BBS(s) may charge a nominal fee
for distribution of the program. The recipient of Deep Sky 2000 must be
informed, in advance, that the fee paid to acquire Deep Sky 2000 does not
relieve the recipient from paying the Registration Fee for Deep SKy 2000
if the recipient uses Deep Sky 2000.

You are encouraged to pass a copy of Deep Sky 2000 along to your friends for
evaluation.  Please encourage them to register their copy if they find
that they can use it.  All registered users will receive a copy of the
latest version of Deep Sky 2000.

				-3-		

			    REGISTRATION

	With your registration for Deep Sky 2000, you will receive the 
latest copy of the software and bound documentation, and will be
notified of all later releases of Deep Sky 2000.  Later versions of 
Deep Sky 2000 will be made available to registered users for a nominal 
fee to cover costs.

	As Deep Sky 2000 is ported to other Operating Environments and CPU
platforms, registered users will be given a direct registration price
of $15 for each additional version of Deep Sky 2000 for the new platforms
and new environments. Discounts for other software product lines from
the author and other products will also be made available to registered
users of Deep Sky 2000.

You can register Deep Sky 2000 by:

 *  CHECK or MONEY ORDER in Canadian funds by mailing the check/money 
order along with the order form on the next page directly 
to the address below;

To contact me for information about dealer pricing, volume discounts,
site licensing, the status of shipment of the product, the latest 
version number, technical information or problems, or to discuss 
returns, please contact Rick Burke directly at:

      Rick Burke
      1235 52nd Street
      Delta, B.C.
      Canada
      V4M 2Z1

or by e-mail   burke@triumf.ca
or by phone    604-943-0899


                                -4-

Please use this form to register Deep Sky 2000 by mail:

			 REGISTRATION FORM

		     Deep Sky 2000

NAME:  ______________________________________________

STREET:______________________________________________

CITY:  ______________________________________________

STATE/PROVINCE: ______________ZIP/POSTAL CODE________________

TELEPHONE: _________________________


Number of Copies.......                           $49.95    ______

B.C. Residents add 7% sales tax..                 ($2.10)   ______

US/Canada Residents - Shipping and Handling...	  $5.00	    ______

Other - Shipping and Handling .........	          $8.00	    ______
						   

Total in Canadian Funds ..                        $________________


	Circle Disk Size:	3 1/2"      5 1/4"


Make checks payable to: Rick Burke

Mail to:	
            Rick Burke
            1235 52nd Street
            Delta, B.C.
            Canada
            V4M 2Z1

                                -5-

				INTRODUCTION


One of the more difficult tasks amateur astronomers face
is the mental gymnastics required to rotate, invert and
reverse the printed star charts to match the view seen
through their telescopes. It can make locating galaxies,
nebulae and clusters almost impossible.  Deep Sky 2000.0
was designed to address this problem.

With Deep Sky an observer can match the charts to the
view seen through his or her telescope instead of the other
way around.  Both finder and main scope fields can be
configured to match the amateur's own telescope and
eyepiece combinations.  In addition a sophisticated search
engine has been incorporated into the program.  Deep sky
objects can be found and displayed even when the
observer is unsure of their location.

Deep Sky 2000.0 contains a database of 279,000 stars and
16,000 deep sky objects. Extensive information is available
for all plotted objects.  Stars can be plotted to magnitude
10.

All stars are plotted in color.  The size of each
plotted star corresponds to its visual magnitude.

Deep sky objects are plotted as symbols
corresponding to the type (ie. galaxies, bright
nebulae, dark nebulae, planetaries etc.).  Deep sky
objects are plotted in the Finder and Main scope fields.  
If an object is plotted via the search engine it is 
also plotted in the large field view.


                                -6-


HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The following hardware and software is supported by this version of
Deep Sky 2000:

 Standard VGA display (640 x 480 pixels):
	8-bit, 16 color, palette based, or

CPU:	80286 or above.

Memory: As much as possible. Anything from 640 kilobytes to infinity is
	recommended.  It is also important to have at approximately 500K of free
	DOS memory before starting Deep Sky 2000. 

Operating System:
	DOS 3.x, 4.x, 5.x, 6.x  Deep Sky 2000 will run as a DOS program under
      Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.11, Windows 95, Windows NT and 
      OS/2 

Hard Disk Space:
      Deep Sky 2000 requires approximately 15 Megabytes of disk space.  You 
      will require approximately 20 - 25 Megabytes of disk space to install
      the program.


      In order to use this program effectively you should have a
      good grasp of the coordinate systems used by astronomers
      (Right Ascension and Declination) and/or familiarity with
      the constellations of the night sky.

Installing Deep Sky 2000

To install Deep Sky create a directory (called Deepsky or
something similar).  Copy the three files, deepsky1.zip, deepsky2.zip
and deepsky3.zip to this directory.  Using pkunzip (ver 2.04g) unzip
the three files.  Once they are unzipped they can be deleted.
Deep Sky is now installed and can be run.  The executable file is 
deepsky.exe and can be run by typing deepsky (return).

Deep Sky will not alter your autoexec.bat or
config.sys files in any way during installation.

                                -7-

Using Deep Sky 2000.0


When you run Deep Sky there will be a title window
presented.  Press a key to continue and there will be a
short pause while variables and program parameters are
initialized.  After this the program will start.

The program starts with a plot of Orion.  This is the main
screen.  The large square area on the upper left is the wide
angle sky view.  This area represents an area approximately
30 degrees by 30 degrees of the night sky.  On the right are
the finder and main scope fields of view (FOV). Each FOV has
a small text window beside it which displays essential
information such as the size of the field, whether the view
is inverted (i), reversed (r), or both (ir) and the magnitude
limit for stars plotted.

As well there is a magnitude scale showing the size of the
plotted star and the magnitude this corresponds to.  Using
the + and - keys you can adjust the magnitude scale to
give a clearer distinction between stars of higher or lower
magnitude in the Finder and Main scope fields.

Below the wide angle sky view a large text box displays
information on selected stars or deep sky objects.

To the right of this text box is the command menu.
These four commands control the functions of Deep
Sky.  In the bottom right corner the 'EXIT' button
will end the program.


Command Functions Overview 

The four main commands are SKY, PLOT, SEARCH and
SCOPES. 

SKY will bring up a northern and southern hemisphere
view of the entire sky.  If the mouse is moved to any area
of the maps and the left mouse button clicked Deep Sky
will determine the Right Ascension (R.A.) and
Declination (Dec.) and plot this area on the main screen.

PLOT pops up a small window where you can manually
enter coordinates if you wish.  The coordinates you enter
will be for approximately half way down the right edge of
the wide angle view.

SCOPES allows you to change the finder and main scope
parameters and enable deep sky object (DSO) magnitude
limits as well as save and restore finder and main scope
parameters.

SEARCH lets you use a powerful search engine to find 
and display DSO's and stars as well as browse
through DSO's using the custom search option to
select which DSO's you would like to see.


                                -8-

Command Function Details

All the options on the command menus can be selected by
entering the number of the option with the keyboard or
selecting the option with a left button click of the mouse.

SKY

When you select the SKY command the screen is redrawn
as a hemispheric map of the entire sky.  Each hemisphere
is divided by lines every 2 hours of R.A. and every 30
degrees of Dec..  Lines of R.A. are labelled.

When moving the mouse around the map the R.A. and
Dec. are constantly displayed. These coordinates are
calculated to correctly display the section of sky where the
mouse pointer is currently located.  When the left mouse
button is clicked this section will be displayed on the main
screen.  

The main screen is plotted using spherical projection or
polar projection.  Above (+/-) 75 degrees Dec. the
declination coordinates displayed on the hemispheric maps
are in tenths of a degree and below (+/-) 75 degrees in 5
degree increments.  When above (+/-) 75 degrees the
main screen is plotted using polar projection for a
more accurate representation of the sky.

Clicking on EXIT takes you back to the main screen
without selecting a new area to plot. Orion will be
displayed.


PLOT

Selecting PLOT pops up a small text window.  Enter the
desired R.A. and Dec. coordinates here.  Once the Dec.
coordinates are entered the main screen will plot this
portion of the sky.  Coordinates should be entered in
decimal hours and degrees (ie. 23h30" R.A. would be
entered as 23.5 or 1230" Dec. as 12.5).

SCOPES

When SCOPES is selected a larger text window pops up. 
The first question asked is "Enable deep sky magnitude
limit".  Answering yes (y) to this question will filter deep
sky objects. All deep sky objects with a magnitude dimmer
than the magnitude limit set for the main scope FOV will
not be displayed in either the main scope or finder scope
fields.

After enabling (or disabling) the deep sky magnitude limit
the next question asks if you wish to load a file.  Pressing
enter will close the window. Selecting REPLOT will then 
implement the change you made to the deep sky magnitude limit. 

                                -9-

If you have previously saved a scope configuration
you can load it here by answering yes (y) and
entering the file name.  Save file names are entered
without an extension.  Deep Sky adds the extension
for you. Once you load a save file Deep Sky will
display it for you to check and make sure it is
correct.
If you do not know the name of the file enter any
name.  On the third try Deep Sky will ask you if you
wish to see a listing of the save files present.  You
can then select the appropriate file.

If you do not load a save file Deep Sky will prompt
you for the required information.  The previous
values are also shown.  If these are satisfactory
simply press return to retain these values.  If you
wish to change the orientation of the scope field to
blank, (not rotated or inverted) enter a period (.) to
blank this field.  When you are finished Deep Sky
will ask if you wish to save the configuration as a
file.  Enter a file name (without extension) and the
configuration will be saved to disk.  If you name the file
'scopes' then this will become the default configuration
that Deep Sky loads when run.

Using save files to hold different configurations is handy if
you have several telescopes, or eyepieces, or combinations
thereof.  You can quickly load the appropriate
configuration for the combination you are currently using
(or planning to use).

Note that whenever you make a change to the scope
configuration you must select REPLOT to implement the
changes immediately. Otherewise Deep Sky will use the
changes when it plots the next Finder/Main Scope FOV's.

SEARCH

When SEARCH is selected a menu will pop up with
various search options to choose from.

These are:     1. Search for object
               2. Search for star
               3. Customize search
               4. Exit

When Search for object is selected a small dialogue
box will pop up.  Enter the object's catalogue
number.  There are many different catalogues and
most DSO's appear in several of them.  The main
catalogues are Messier and NGC.  Others are listed
in appendix C. If you were looking for M31
(Andromeda Galaxy) you could enter M31 or NGC
224.  Searches are not case sensitive.  Spaces
between the catalogue (ie. NGC) and number (224)
are optional.

                               -10-

Once the object is found a text window containing
the available information will be displayed and, once
again, you will be asked if you wish to plot a finder
chart.

When Search for star is selected another small
dialogue box will pop up.  Here you can enter a
star's common name, designation (ie. Alpha Orionis)
or Henry Draper or SAO catalogue number.  If the
star is found a larger text box will pop up with the
available information on that star.  You are also
given the option to plot a finder chart.  Searches are
conducted in the following order; common name,
designation, catalogue number.

When a finder chart is plotted the main screen is replotted
with the star (or object) centered in the wide sky field,
Finder scope field, and Main scope fields.  The cursor will
point to the object selected. Information available for the
star or object is also displayed.

Selecting Customize Search allows you to set search
criteria for DSO's.  Using this option you can select the
type of object , the constellation, a magnitude range for
objects or a range of coordinates.  These search criteria
can also be combined.  Thus, for example, you could
search for all galaxies in Auriga between magnitudes 5
and 9.  As each search criterium is selected an asterisk will
appear beside that menu selection.  If a mistake is made
simply enter the number or click on it to deselect that
choice.  Selecting Start Search will then begin the search. 
If no objects fit the search criteria you will be returned to
the main search menu.

After the search is started each object that fits the search
criteria will be displayed in sequence.  You can then plot a
finder chart or go on to the next object.

Customize Search lets you plan your night's observing to
easily fit viewing conditions and your telescope
characteristics.  

                                -11-

USING THE MAIN SCREEN

Keyboard Functions

Most functions on the main screen are mouse
driven, with a few exceptions.  The keys used when
the main screen is displayed are ESC,F1,F2,F8,?,+,-
and P.

Pressing ESC will abort processing and return you to
the last screen displayed.  This can be useful if the
program has trouble determing display coordinates
or you make a mistake and wish to abort the last
operation.  Please note that some calculations are 
quite complex and will take some time.

F1 will print the main screen to an Epson
compatible printer.  In this version of Deep Sky only
Epson compatible printers are supported.  If you
have some other type of printer the graphics.com
screen dump program included with DOS 5 and up
or Windows screen capture can be used to generate hard
copies of your finder charts.  F2 toggles the coordinate
grid on and off.  Note that R.A. and Dec. coordinates
are printed along the axes of the wide field view.
When in the polar regions only the R.A. is printed on
the axes.  Dec. circles are at 10 degree intervals
starting at the pole.  F8 toggles a red circle on and
off in the finder FOV.  This circle corresponds to the
size of the main FOV.

? will bring up context sensitive help. Depending on where
the mouse cursor is when ? is pressed a text window will
pop up with a description of that area of the screen.

+ and - can be used to change the magnitude scale shown in
the Main and Finder scope FOVs.  There is a scale on the
far right side of the screen showing the size of the stars
and the corresponding magnitude range.  Press + or - to 
change this magnitude range.  

P starts pan mode.  Sometimes when you have selected a
field from the wide field screen to view in the scope fields
you may find that an interesting object has been plotted in
the finder FOV but not in the main FOV.  Press P and
you will enter pan mode.  The words "Pan Mode" will
appear above the command menu.  Now use the mouse to
click on the desired object in the finder FOV and both
main and finder FOV's will be recentered on that object.



                                -12-
Mouse Functions

Along the bottom of the screen is a text window
containing abbreviations of all the categories of
objects displayed.  Occasionally you will display a
field with many DSO's displayed.  If you are looking
for a planetary nebula and hundreds of galaxies are
plotted the FOV's can become very cluttered.  Use
the mouse to click on the interfering objects in this
text window.  The object's abbreviation in this
window will dim to show that it is deselected. 
Now click REPLOT and the FOV's will be replotted
with the interfering objects filtered out.  To turn
them back on simply click on them and select
REPLOT to show them again.

Use the mouse to identify stars and DSO's in the
wide field and telescope views.  In the wide field
view move the mouse cursor to a star and click the
left mouse button.  This will bring up all the
information available for that star.  In this view stars
are plotted to magnitude 6.5 and the information on
each is derived from the Yale Bright Star Catalogue. 
If a star has a proper name it is displayed along with
the star's Greek designation (ie. Alpha Centauri 
(Rigil Kentaurus)).  If there is no proper name or
Greek designation the star's Henry Draper catalogue
number is shown.  The next line is the stars rank in the
constellation. Alpha Centauri is the brightest star in the
constellation.  Its rank is then shown as 01 Centauri.  The
following lines give the star's coordinates in R.A. and Dec
as well as magnitude, distance and spectral type. The last
line shows the magnitude difference and separation of
components (in seconds of arc) in a binary system.  When
any of this information is not available the appropriate
line is not displayed. 

Moving the mouse cursor to any point in the wide screen
view and clicking the right mouse button will plot that
area of sky in the telescope FOV's.  When the right
mouse button is pressed a small text window pops up just
below the Main Scope FOV showing the coordinates of
the mouse cursor when the button was pushed.  These
coordinates are centered in the telescope FOV's.

In the telescope FOV windows moving the mouse cursor
to a DSO and clicking the left mouse button will bring up
the available information on that DSO.  The information
is organized as follows.  The first line gives the
object name.  This followed by a line (AKA) giving
other appropriate names for the object (ie. NGC 224
is AKA M31).  The next line gives the object type. 
This displays what type of object you have selected
(ie. Galaxy, Planetary Nebula etc..  The next line is
for object class.  This is most frequently used when
the object is a galaxy.  The object class then shows
the Hubble galaxy class.  This is followed by lines
showing R.A., Dec., magnitude, and size. Finally, the
last two lines show what constellation the object is in
and its NGC catalogue description (see appendix 1).


                                -13-

Moving the mouse cursor to a star and clicking the
right mouse button will display the information
available for that star.  It is organized the same as
the stars in the wide field view, however there are
259000 stars available for display in these windows. 
In order to save disk space only a small amount of
information is available for most stars.  This includes
SAO number, basic spectral type, magnitude, and
coordinates.


                                -14-

Appendices


Appendix A

NGC catalogue description abbreviations


!!!,a magnificent or otherwise interesting object
!!,very remarkable
!,remarkable
***,triple star
**,double star
*,a star: *10; a star of 10th magnitude ab,about
alm,almost
am,among
app,appended
att,attached
B,bright
b,brighter
bet,between
bf,brightest towards the following side 
biN,binuclear
bn,brightest towards the north side 
bp,brightest towards the preceding side 
bs,brightest towards the south side 
c,considerably
C,compressed
C.G.H.,Cape of Good Hope
ch,chevelure
Cl,cluster
cont,in contact
com,cometic
co,coarse or coarsely
d,diameter
D,double
def,defined
diffic,difficult
dif,diffused
dist,distance or distant
ee,most extremely
e,extremely or excessively
E,extended
er,easily resolvable
exc,eccentric
f,following
F,faint
gr,group
g,gradually
inv,involved or involving
iF,irregular figure
i,irregular
l,little or long
L,large
mm,mixed magnitudes
mn,milky nebulosity
m,much
M,middle or in the middle of
nr,near
np,north preceding
nf,north following
neb,nebula
n,north
N,Nucleus or to a Nucleus
ps,pretty suddenly
pg,pretty gradually
pm,pretty much
p,preceding
p,pretty (before F;B;L;S)
P,poor
quad,quadrilateral
quar,quartile
rrr,well resolved or clearly consisting of stars 
rr,partially resolved (some stars seen) 
r,resolvable (mottled but not resolved) 
RR,exactly round
Ri,rich
R,round
sc,scattered
sev,several
sf,south following
sh,shaped
sm,smaller
sp,south preceding
st 9,stars from the 9th magnitude downwards 
st,stars
st 9...13,stars from the 9th to 13th magnitude 
stell,stellar
susp,suspected
s,south
s,suddenly
S,small
trap,trapezium
triN,trinuclear
var,variable
vv,very very
v,very


                                -16-

Appendix B


Constellation abbreviations

And        Andromeda                                    Leo         Leo
Ant        Antlia                                       Lep         Lepus
Aps        Apus                                         Lib         Libra
Aql        Aquila                                       LMi         Leo Minor
Aqr        Aquarius                                     Lup         Lupus
Ara        Ara                                          Lyn         Lynx
Ari        Aries                                        Lyr         Lyra
Aur        Auriga                                       Men         Mensa
Boo        Bootes                                       Mic         Microscopium
Cae        Caelum                                       Mon         Monoceros
Cam        Camelopardalis                               Mus         Musca
Cap        Capricornus                                  Nor         Norma
Car        Carina                                       Oct         Octans
Cas        Cassiopeia                                   Oph         Ophiuchus
Cen        Centaurus                                    Ori         Orion
Cep        Cepheus                                      Pav         Pavo
Cet        Cetus                                        Peg         Pegasus
Cir        Circinus                                     Phe         Phoenix
CMa        Canis Major                                  Pic         Pictor
CMi        Canis Minor                                  PsA         Piscis Austrinus
Cnc        Cancer                                       Psc         Pisces
Col        Columba                                      Pup         Puppis
Com        Coma Berenices                               Pyx         Pyxis
CrA        Corona Australis                             Ret         Reticulum
CrB        Corona Borealis                              Scl         Sculptor
Crt        Crater                                       Sco         Scorpius
Cha        Chamaeleon                                   Per         Perseus
Cru        Crux                                         Sct         Scutum
Crv        Corvus                                       SerCd       Serpens Cauda
CVn        Canes Venatici                               SerCp       Serpens Caput
Cyg        Cygnus                                       Sex         Sextans
Del        Delphinus                                    Sge         Sagitta
Dor        Dorado                                       Sgr         Sagittarius
Dra        Draco                                        Tau         Taurus
Equ        Equuleus                                     Tel         Telescopium
Eri        Eridanus                                     TrA         Triangulum Australe
For        Fornax                                       Tri         Triangulum
Gem        Gemini                                       Tuc         Tucana
Gru        Grus                                         UMa         Ursa Major
Her        Hercules                                     UMi         Ursa Minor
Hor        Horologium                                   Vel         Vela
Hya        Hydra                                        Vir         Virgo
Hyi        Hydrus                                       Vol         Volans
Ind        Indus                                        Vul         Vulpecula
Lac        Lacerta


                                -17-

Appendix C

Deep Sky Catalogue Sources

       Abell - (planetary nebula) 
       AGC - Abell Galaxy Cluster (galaxy clusters) 
       Allen - (planetary nebula) 
       AM - Arp-Madore (globular clusters) 
       Ames - (galaxies) 
       Anon - Anonymous (planetary nebula) 
       Antalova - (open clusters) 
       Aprm - Apriamasvili (planetary nebula) 
       Baade - (planetary nebula) 
       Bark -  Barkhatova (open clusters) 
       Basel - (open clusters) 
       Berk - Berkeley (open clusters) 
       Be - Bernes (dark nebula) 
       Biur - Biurakan (open clusters) 
       Blanco - (open clusters, planetary nebula) 
       Bochum - (open clusters) 
       Bohm/Vitense - (planetary nebula) 
       Cannon - (planetary nebula) 
       Cannon/Mayall - (planetary nebula) 
       Ced - Cederblad (bright nebula) 
       ChRo - Chincarini & Rood (galaxies) 
       Cr - Collinder (open clusters) 
       Czernik - (open clusters) 
       DHW - Dengle/Hart/Weinberg (planetary
                                   nebula) 
       DDO - David Dunlop Observatory (galaxies) 
       Do - Dolidze (open clusters) 
       DoDz - Dolidze/Dzimselejsvili (open clusters) 
       Dun - Dunlop (globular clusters) 
       ESO - European Southern Observatory (Dwarf 
                     galaxies, globulars) 
       Fein - Feinstein (open clusters) 
       Fleming - (planetary nebula) 
       Frolov - (open clusters) 
       GCL - Alter et al. (globular clusters)
       Grindlay - (globular clusters) 
       Gum - (bright nebula) 
       H - William Herschel (globular clusters) 
       Haffner - (open clusters) 
       Haro - (planetary nebula) 
       Hart/Tritton - (planetary nebula) 
       Harvard - (open clusters) 
       Helw - Gregory C.C.L., Helwan Observatory.    
                   (galaxies) 
       Henize - (planetary nebula) 
       HN - Harvard Annals (galaxies) 
       Hoffleit - (planetary nebula) 
       Hogg - (open clusters) 
       Holm - Holmberg E. (double & multiple galaxies) 
       HP - Haute Provence (globular clusters) 
       Hubble - (planetary nebula) 
       Humason - (planetary nebula) 
       IC - 1st and 2nd Index Catalogs to the NGC. 
            (All types of objects except dark nebula) 
       Isk - Iskudarian (open clusters) 
       J - Jonckheere (planetary nebula) 
       Johnson - (planetary nebula) 
       Jones - (planetary nebula) 
       Kara.72 - Karachentsev, I.D. 1972. (Isolated galaxy     
                                          pairs) 
       Kara.73 - Karachentsev, I.D. 1973. (Dwarf galaxies) 
       Kara.73B - Karachentsev, I.D. 1973 (Isolated            
                                           galaxies) 
       Keel - Keeler, J.E. (galaxies) 
       King - (open clusters) 
       KN - Wolf, M.; Konigstuhl Nebel-Liste (galaxies) 
       Kohoutek - (planetary nebula) 
       Kra - Krasnogorskaja (planetary nebula) 
       Lac - Lacaille (globular clusters) 
       LDN - Lynds (dark nebula) 
       Liller - (globular clusters) 
       Loden - (open clusters) 
       Longmore - (planetary nebula) 
       Lynga - (open clusters) 
       M - Messier (all types of objects except dark
                    nebula)
       MCG - Morphological Catalog of Galaxies
             (galaxies)
       Mel - Melotte (open clusters) 
       Menzel - (planetary nebula) 
       Merrill - (planetary nebula) 
       Mrk - Markarian (open clusters,galaxies) 
       M1 - Minkowski (bright nebula, planetary
                       nebula) 
       M2 - Minkowski (planetary nebula) 
       M3 - Minkowski (planetary nebula) 
       M4 - Minkowski (planetary nebula) 
       Nassau - (planetary nebula) 
       NGC - New General Catalog of Nebulae & Clusters of Stars. 
            (All types of objects except dark nebula) 
       OCL - Alter et. al. (open clusters) 
       Pal - Palomar (globular clusters) 
       PB - Peimbert/Batiz (planetary nebula) 
       PC - Peimbert/Costerro (planetary nebula) 
       Pease - (planetary nebula)
       Pismis - (open clusters) 
       PK - Perek & Kohoutek (planetary nebula) 
       RCW - Rodgers, Campbell, & Whiteoak (bright        
                                           nebula) 
       Reiz - (Galaxies) 
       Roslund - (open clusters) 
       Ru - Ruprecht (open clusters) 
       Sa - Sandqvist (dark nebula) 
       SA - Shapley H. & Ames A. (galaxies) 
       SaLi - Sandqvist/Lindroos (dark nebula) 
       Sanduleak - (planetary nebula) 
       SB - Slettebak & Brundage (galaxies with emission    
                                  lines) 
       SER - Sersic, J. L. (peculiar galaxies) 
       Shane - (planetary nebula) 
       Shapley - (planetary nebula) 
       Sher - (open clusters) 
       Sh1 - Sharpless (planetary nebula) 
       Sh2 - Sharpless (bright nebula) 
       SL - Sandqvist & Lindroos (dark nebula) 
       Steph - Stephenson (open clusters) 
       Stock - (open clusters) 
       SSt - Swings/Struve (planetary nebula) 
       Ter - Terzan (globular clusters) 
       Tombaugh - (open clusters) 
       Ton - Tonantzintla (globular clusters) 
       Tr - Trumpler (open clusters) 
       UA - Selected Non-UGC Galaxies (galaxies) 
       UGC - Uppsala General Catalog (galaxies) 
       UKS - United Kingdom Schmidt (globular
                                     clusters) 
       Upgren - (open clusters) 
       Vandervort - (planetary nebula) 
       vdB - van den Bergh (open clusters, bright
                            nebula) 
       vdBH - van den Bergh & Herbst (bright
                                      nebula) 
       vdB-Ha - van den Bergh-Hagen (open clusters)

       Velghe - (planetary nebula) 
       VV - Voronstov/Velyaminov (planetary
                                  nebula) 
       Vyssotsky - (planetary nebula) 
       Waterloo - (open clusters) 
       Westr - Westerlund (open clusters) 
       WK - Wolf & Kaiser (galaxies) 
       ZWG - Zwicky Galaxy (galaxies) 


                                -20-

I hope you enjoy Deep Sky and find it useful.  Any
suggestions, criticisms or bug reports should be directed to
the author.


        FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

         Contact:

              Rick Burke
              1235 52nd Street
              Delta, B.C.
              Canada
              V4M-2Z1


e-mail  burke@triumf.ca
