
UNDERSTANDING SSI

Social Security Administration
Office of Programs
Office of Supplemental Security Income
SSA Pub. No. 17-008
July 1994


Introduction...........................................3
SSI Overview...........................................5
Information About the Social Security Administration...7
Rights of SSI Applicants and Recipients................8
How Someone Can Help You with Your SSI.................9
SSI Eligibility Requirements..........................10
SSI Resources.........................................12
SSI Income............................................14
Living Arrangements...................................17
SSI for Children......................................18
SSI Application Process...............................21
Documents You May Need When You Apply.................23
If You Have a Disability or Are Blind.................25
SSI Work Incentives...................................29
Reporting Responsibilities of SSI Recipients..........32
Notices and Letters from SSA..........................33
SSI Redeterminations..................................34
SSI Overpayments......................................36
SSI Appeals Process...................................38
Expedited Payments....................................40
Representative Payee..................................42
SSI and Eligibility for Other Government Programs.....43
Social Security Entitlement Requirements..............45
SSI Spotlights........................................47
    Trusts............................................48
    Burial Funds......................................49
    Resources.........................................50
    Deeming Parental Income and Resources.............51
    Special SSI Rules for Children
        of Military Personnel Living Overseas.........52
    Student Earned Income Exclusion...................53
    Continued Medicaid Eligibility for People
        Who Work......................................54
    Special SSI Rule for Blind People Who Work........55
    Impairment-Related Work Expenses..................56
    Plans for Achieving Self-Support..................57
    Property You Need for Self-Support................58
    Continued Payment for Persons Who Are
         Temporarily Institutionalized................59
    Living Arrangements...............................60
    Getting SSI While You Try to Sell Excess
        Resources.....................................61
    Payment for Travel to Medical Exams.............. 62

----------------------------------------------------------
  REMEMBER YOU CAN CALL SSA TOLL-FREE AT 1-800-772-1213
----------------------------------------------------------                           
                                                           -3-

INTRODUCTION                                               
============

The purpose of "Understanding SSI" is to inform advocates and
others in interested agencies and organizations about
supplemental security income (SSI) eligibility requirements and
processes. We hope this knowledge will, at a minimum, enable you
to be our partners in identifying people who potentially are
eligible for SSI.  It may also assist you in helping people apply
for, establish eligibility for, and continue to receive SSI
benefits for as long as they remain eligible.  The degree to
which you help is up to you.

"Understanding SSI" can be used as a training manual and as a
reference tool.  It is not necessary for you to know everything
in "Understanding SSI."  You may simply use and refer to those
sections which are most useful to you.  

If you are using "Understanding SSI" as a reference tool without
Social Security Administration (SSA) training, please contact
your local Social Security office.  They can answer your
questions and give you current benefit amounts.

"Understanding SSI" will tell you when you will need to refer to
the "Understanding SSI Update" (SSA Pub. No. 17-010).  Each year
the "Understanding SSI Update" will contain current dollar
amounts.  

You can and should refer any potentially eligible individuals to
SSA to apply for SSI or to get an answer to any question about
which you are unsure.  "Understanding SSI" and any related
instruction by SSA staff are not intended to replace the experts
at Social Security.  If you have any doubts about a person's
eligibility, always refer him or her to Social Security.

We thank the American Association of Retired Persons' (AARP's)
Program Department for allowing us to adopt and modify the
material they use to train their volunteers.  Their training
materials served as the basis for this document. 

The information in "Understanding SSI" is general and is not to
be applied to individual case situations.  You MUST contact
Social Security for individual case information.
 
                                                           -5-

SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME OVERVIEW
=====================================

WHAT IS SSI? 
-----------

SSI stands for supplemental security income. 

SSI provides monthly payments to aged, blind, and disabled people
with limited income and resources (assets). 

WHO IS ELIGIBLE FOR SSI? 
------------------------

ANYONE WHO IS: 

Aged--65 or older or 

. Blind--adult or child or 
. Disabled--adult or child 
 

AND WHO: 

. Has limited income; and 
. Has limited resources; and 
. Is a U.S. citizen or lawfully admitted permanent resident or 
  alien allowed to remain in the U.S.; and 
. Is a resident of the U.S., including the District of Columbia,
  and the Northern Mariana Islands; and 
. Agrees to apply for other benefits. 

HOW MUCH CAN YOU RECEIVE FROM SSI? 
----------------------------------

The maximum Federal payment changes yearly.  See the
"Understanding SSI Update" for the current Federal payment. 

If you live in one the following States or territory, refer to
the "Understanding SSI Update" for the maximum Federal payment as
your State or territory does not pay a supplement:

Arkansas            N. Mariana Islands
Georgia             Tennessee
Kansas              Texas
Mississippi         West Virginia

Some States add to the Federal SSI payment so that SSI payment
levels may be higher in those States.  Payment amounts vary based
upon your income, living arrangements, and other factors. 

If you live in one of the States listed below, SSA administers
the State supplement for your State.  You may contact your Social
Security office for the amount of your SSI payment.

California               Nevada
Delaware                 New Jersey
District of Columbia     New York
Hawaii                   Pennsylvania
Iowa                     Rhode Island
Maine                    Utah
Massachusetts            Vermont
Michigan                 Washington
Montana                  Wisconsin

In you live in one of the States listed below, your State pays
and administers supplemental payments and you may contact the
State for payment information.

Alabama                  Indiana              North Carolina
Alaska                   Kentucky             North Dakota
Arizona                  Louisiana            Ohio
Colorado                 Maryland             Oklahoma
Connecticut              Minnesota            Oregon
Florida                  Missouri             South Carolina
Idaho                    Nebraska             South Dakota
Illinois                 New Hampshire        Virginia            
New Mexico               Wyoming

NOTE:  See page 20 for more information on States that supplement
Federal SSI payments to children.

HOW IS SSI DIFFERENT FROM SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS? 
---------------------------------------------------

SSI payments are not based on your prior work or a family
member's prior work.

To get SSI, you must have limited income and resources. 

In most States, SSI beneficiaries also can get Medicaid (Medical
Assistance) to pay for hospital stays, doctor bills, prescription
drugs, and other health costs. 

SSI beneficiaries may also be eligible for food stamps.  (At this
time this is not true of California residents.)

To get SSI, you must be at least 65 years old, or blind, or
disabled. 

There is no waiting period for SSI.

HOW IS SSI LIKE SOCIAL SECURITY? 
--------------------------------

Both programs pay monthly benefits. 

Both are administered by SSA.

NOTE:  For more information on Social Security benefits, see page
45.
                                                           -7-

INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 
====================================================

SSA is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS).  SSA has 10 regional offices.  It also has 1,300 district
and branch offices throughout the U.S.  Additionally, there are
37 teleservice centers where toll-free calls are answered.

SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICES 
-----------------------

Both the Social Security and SSI programs are administered by the
same SSA offices.  Social Security employees will answer
questions about both programs on the telephone and in person at
your local office.  Informational booklets are available at all
Social Security offices.  A copy of the SSA policy manual (called
Program Operations Manual System (POMS)) is available to the
public at every SSA office. 

CONTACTING SOCIAL SECURITY 
--------------------------

SSA encourages people to do business by telephone.

Advocates may contact Social Security by telephone, mail, or in
person.  

Social Security's toll-free number is 1-800-772-1213.  The public
can use it to conduct most business. You can call between 7 a.m.
and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday.  For best service call before 9
a.m. or after 5 p.m.

Avoid calling 1-800-772-1213:
. On the first few days of each week;
. On days after holidays; and
. Between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.

These are the busiest times.

SSA's toll free number for the deaf is 1-800-325-0778.  Call this
number from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday, for
Technical Devices for the Deaf (TDD).       

Call WITHIN THE FIRST 10 DAYS OF THE MONTH if you are applying
for benefits or reporting a change in circumstances.  Take care
of less urgent matters after the first week of the month.

In most offices, you can make an appointment for a telephone or
in-person interview.  If you are not able to make an appointment
convenient for you, you may visit any Social Security office. 
You will be served as quickly as possible. 

When you call or visit SSA, note the name of any staff member you
speak with and the date of contact. 

Put your name and Social Security Number on written
correspondence with SSA and keep a copy for your records. 

                                                           -8-

RIGHTS OF SSI APPLICANTS AND RECIPIENTS 
=======================================

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO APPLY 
---------------------------

Anyone may apply for SSI. 

There is no charge to apply. 

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO HELP FROM SSA 
-----------------------------------

The Social Security Administration will complete the application
forms for you based on information you give. 

SSA will help you get documents you need to show that you meet
the SSI eligibility requirements. 

If you are applying on the basis of disability or blindness, and
SSA decides that the medical information needed to make a
decision is not available from existing sources, SSA will pay for
you to see a doctor.  If a medical exam is needed, you must go to
the exam in order to receive benefits.  SSA may also pay your
travel costs to get to this exam.

NOTE:  For information on when SSA pays for travel to medical
exams, see the SSI Spotlight on Payment for Travel to Medical
Exams.

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO A REPRESENTATIVE 
--------------------------------------

You may appoint someone to help you with your SSI claim and go
with you to meetings with SSA. 

NOTE:  See How Someone Can Help You With Your SSI, page 9. 

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO A NOTICE 
------------------------------

SSA will notify you in writing of any decision about your
eligibility or any change in your payment amount.  SSA will also
send copies of all notices to your representative if you have
one.  Each notice will explain your appeal rights.   

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO EXAMINE YOUR FILE 
---------------------------------------

You or your representative may examine the information in your
case file, upon request. 

YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO APPEAL 
----------------------------

You may appeal most decisions SSA makes about your eligibility
for SSI, or if SSA decides to stop your check. 

SSA's administrative appeals process has three levels.

NOTE:  See SSI Appeals Process (page 38) for further information.

                                                           -9-

HOW SOMEONE CAN HELP YOU WITH YOUR SSI 
======================================

ANYONE YOU CHOOSE CAN HELP YOU BY: 
----------------------------------
Completing forms. 

Going with you to meetings with Social Security. 

Interpreting for you. 

Helping you gather and give information. 

Taking you to medical examinations or to the SSA office. 

Receiving mail for you at his or her address. 

IF YOU WANT MORE HELP, YOU MAY APPOINT A REPRESENTATIVE WHO CAN
---------------------------------------------------------------
DO ALL OF THE ABOVE PLUS: 
-------------------------
Sign an application on your behalf. 

Review your file at the Social Security office. 

Get information from SSA about your claim, including notices and
letters, just as you would.

Represent you at informal or formal hearings.

Give SSA evidence for you.

Help you with appeals.  (See SSI Appeals Process, page 38.) 

HOW DO YOU BECOME A REPRESENTATIVE? 
-----------------------------------
You must sign a statement naming your representative.  Social
Security has an "Appointment of Representative" form which you
can use.  Call your local Social Security office and ask for Form
SSA-1696.                                                         
                                                       
Your representative does not have to be a lawyer. 

A representative's duties are different from those of a
representative payee. 

NOTE:  See page 42 for further information.

                                                           -10-
SSI ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS 
============================

TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR SSI BENEFITS YOU MUST:
-----------------------------------------

BE AGED OR BLIND OR DISABLED
AND
MEET CITIZENSHIP AND RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS
AND
HAVE LIMITED INCOME 
AND
HAVE LIMITED RESOURCES 


GENERAL DEFINITIONS: 
--------------------

AGED 
----
. Age 65 or older  

BLIND--Any Age 
-----
. 20/200 vision or less in your better eye with best correction;
or
. Your visual field is 20 degrees or less, even with a corrective
  lens.

DISABLED--Child
---------------  
. Under 18, or 18 - 22 and a student; and 
. If under 18 - substantially reduced ability to function 
  independently, appropriately, and effectively in a manner
  children of a similar age would due to a physical or mental  
  impairment(s) which has lasted or which is expected to last at
  least 12 months or end in death; or
. If 18 - 22, the ADULT disability definition explained below 
  applies.        

See SSI for Children on page 18 and page 27 for more information
on childhood disability evaluation.

NOTE:  As a result of the Zebley court case, SSA changed its
rules for evaluating disability in children under age 18.  The
new rules are reflected in the above definition of childhood
disability. 

Zebley class members:  All children who had SSI benefits denied
or terminated for medical reasons, between 1/1/80 and 2/11/91 are
members of the Zebley class.  For more information about the
processing of Zebley class member cases, please contact your
local Social Security office or the Zebley class lawyer-sponsored
hotline, 1-800-523-0000.     

DISABLED--Adult 
---------------
. Unable to work due to a physical or mental impairment which has
  lasted or is expected to last at least 12 months or result in
  death.

CITIZENSHIP/ALIEN STATUS 
------------------------
. U.S. citizen; or 
. Lawfully admitted permanent resident; or 
. Alien allowed to remain in U.S. 

RESIDENCY 
---------
. Must live in the United States, including the 50 States, the 
  District of Columbia, and the Northern Mariana Islands; or 
. Be a child living with a parent in the military service 
  assigned to permanent duty ashore overseas.

NOTE:  See SSI Spotlight on Special SSI Rules for Children of
Military Personnel Living Overseas.

LIMITED INCOME 
--------------
Income includes: 
. Money you earn from work;
. Money you receive from other sources, such as Social Security,
  pensions, Veterans' benefits, friends or relatives; and
. Free food, clothing, or shelter you receive. 

NOTE:  Not all income counts for SSI.  Income that counts reduces
your SSI payment amount. (See SSI Income on page 14.)

LIMITED RESOURCES 
-----------------
Resources are things you own such as: 
. Cash/bank accounts; 
. Land;  
. Personal property; and 
. Life insurance.

NOTE:  Not all resources count for SSI. (See SSI Resources on
page 12.)

The SSI limits for resources that SSA counts are:

. Individual -- $2,000; and 
. Couple -- $3,000.

Congress may authorize changes in the SSI resource limits.  Any
changes are in the "Understanding SSI Update." 

OTHER REQUIREMENTS
------------------ 
. You must apply for all other benefits for which you may be 
  eligible; e.g., pensions, Social Security.  
. In some cases, you must accept vocational rehabilitation        
  services 
  if you are blind or disabled and under age 65. 
. You will have to accept treatment for alcoholism or drug 
  addiction if either one is found to be a cause of your
  disability. 

                                                           -12-

SSI RESOURCES 
=============

WHAT ARE RESOURCES? 
-------------------

Resources are things you own such as: 

. Cash
. Bank accounts, stocks, U.S. savings bonds
. Land
. Life insurance
. Personal property
. Automobile(s)
. Anything else you own which could be changed to cash and used 
  for food, clothing, or shelter 
. Deemed resources 

  Sometimes we count a portion of the resources of a spouse,
  parent, or sponsor of an alien.  If a child under 18 lives with
  one parent, $2,000 of the parent's resources do not count.  If
  the child lives with two parents, $3,000 does not count. 
  Amounts over these limits are counted as the child's resources.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF RESOURCES IN THE SSI PROGRAM? 
-------------------------------------------------------

. The value of your resources is one of the factors which 
  determines whether or not you are eligible for SSI payments. 
. But remember, not all resources count for SSI. 
. If the value of your resources that SSA counts is over the 
  allowable limit at the beginning of the month, you cannot
  receive SSI for that month. 

WHAT IS THE ALLOWABLE RESOURCE LIMIT? 
-------------------------------------

 The limit for countable resources is:  

. $2,000 for an individual; and 
. $3,000 for a couple. 

WHAT RESOURCES DO NOT COUNT FOR SSI? 
------------------------------------

For SSI, SSA does not count: 

. The home you live in and the land it is on (SSA does not place  
  a lien on your home.) 
. Household goods and personal property that are not worth more 
  than $2,000  
. One wedding ring and one engagement ring 
. Burial spaces for you or your immediate family 
. Burial funds for you and your spouse, each valued at $1,500 or
  less (See SSI Spotlight on Burial Funds.) 
. Life insurance policies with a combined face value of $1,500 or
  less
. Retroactive SSI or Social Security checks for up to 6 months 
  after you receive them 
. One car, regardless of value, if it is: 
  . Necessary for employment or medical treatment; or 
  . Modified for use by a disabled person; or, 
  . Necessary because of climate, terrain, distance or similar
    factors to perform essential daily activities.

    If your use of the car does not meet one of these conditions,
    then up to $4,500 of its market value is excluded.  The
    remaining value is counted against the resource limit. 

OTHER RESOURCES WHICH DO NOT COUNT FOR SSI:
-------------------------------------------

. Property essential to self-support.  (See SSI Spotlight on 
  Property You Need for Self-Support.)
. Resources that a blind or disabled person needs for an approved
  plan for achieving self-support.  (See SSI Spotlight on Plans
  for Achieving Self-Support.) 
. Support and maintenance assistance and home energy assistance 
  that we do not count as income are not resources. 
. Cash received for medical or social services that we do not 
  count as income is not a resource for 1 month.  (EXCEPTION: 
  Cash reimbursement of expenses already paid for by the person
  is counted under the regular income and resources rules.) 

   NOTE:  See page 12 for the regular resource counting rules and
   page 14 for the regular income counting rules.

. Disaster relief assistance which we do not count as income. 
. Cash received for the purpose of replacing an excluded resource
  (e.g., a house) that is lost, damaged, or stolen. 
. Property in a trust set up according to State law--to which the
  SSI beneficiary has no access.
  
  NOTE:  There are different Medicaid rules on trusts.  See SSI
  Spotlight on Trusts.

WHAT IF I WANT TO SELL A RESOURCE? 
----------------------------------

If you own real property or other resources that you are trying
to sell, you may be able to get SSI while you are trying to sell
them.  When the resource is sold, you must pay back the SSI
payments.  These are called "conditional payments."

NOTE: See SSI Spotlight on Getting SSI While You Try to Sell
Excess Resources.

                                                           -14-

SSI INCOME
==========

WHAT IS INCOME? 
---------------

Earned Income -- money you receive from wages or earnings from
self-employment. 

Unearned Income -- money you receive from other sources, such as
Social Security, Veterans' benefits, pensions, State disability, 
unemployment benefits, interest income, and cash from friends and
relatives.  

In-Kind Income -- free food, clothing, or shelter. 

Deemed Income -- the part of the income of your spouse, parent
with whom you live, or sponsor (of an alien), which SSA uses to
compute your SSI payment amount. 

WHY IS INCOME IMPORTANT IN THE SSI PROGRAM? 
-------------------------------------------

Generally, the more income you have, the less your SSI payment
will be.  If your income is over the allowable limit, you cannot
receive SSI. 

WHAT INCOME DOES NOT COUNT FOR SSI? 
-----------------------------------

Payments or services that are not counted as income for the SSI
program include:  

. The first $20 of most income received in a month 
. The first $65 of earnings and one-half of earnings over $65 
  received in a month 
. The value of food stamps 
. Income tax refunds 
. Home energy assistance 
. Assistance based on need funded by a State or local government 
. Small amounts of income received irregularly or infrequently 
. Food, clothing, or shelter based on need provided by private 
  nonprofit agencies 
. Loans to you (cash or in-kind) that you have to repay 
. Payments from a trust account for items other than food, 
  clothing, or shelter (See SSI Spotlight on Trusts.) 
. Money someone else spends to pay your expenses for items other
  than food, clothing, or shelter (e.g., someone pays your
  telephone or medical bills.) 
. Income set aside under a plan for achieving self-support (PASS) 
 
HOW DOES YOUR INCOME AFFECT YOUR SSI PAYMENT? 
---------------------------------------------

Step 1:  SSA subtracts any income that is not counted from your
total income.  This figure is your "countable income." 

Step 2:  SSA subtracts this "countable income" from the SSI
Federal benefit rate.  The result is your monthly SSI payment as
follows:

 1)  Total income                   2)    SSI Federal benefit rate  
   - Income that is not counted         - Countable income      
   ----------------------------        -------------------------
   = Countable income                   = SSI payment  
                                  
THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES ARE BASED ON 1992 DOLLAR AMOUNTS.  FOR
CURRENT DOLLAR AMOUNTS, PLEASE REFER TO THE "UNDERSTANDING SSI
UPDATE."  IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL
SECURITY OFFICE.

EXAMPLE A  -- UNEARNED INCOME

Total monthly income = $300 (Social Security check) 

1) $300 (Social Security check)    2) $422 (SSI Fed. benefit)
    - 20 (Not counted)                -280 (Countable income)     
   ---------------------------        -----------------------  
   $280 (Countable income)            $142 (SSI payment)          
                          
EXAMPLE B -- EARNED INCOME

Total monthly income = wages of $317 

1)  $317 (Wages)
    - 20 (Not counted)  
    -------------------    
    $297 
    - 65 (Not counted)
    ------------------- 
    $232 divided by 1/2 = $116 (Countable income) 

2)  $422 (SSI Federal benefit rate)    
    -116 (Countable income)
    ------------------------  
    $306 (SSI payment)  

EXAMPLE C -- SAMPLE STATE SUPPLEMENT

The facts are the same as example A, but State supplementation is
involved.    

1)  $300 (Social Security check)
    - 20 (Not counted)
    ---------------------------       
    $280 (Countable income) 
 
2)  $422 (SSI Federal benefit rate) 
    -280 (Countable income)
    ------------------------------ 
    $142 (SSI Federal payment)

3)  $142 (SSI Federal payment) 
    + 15 (Sample State supplement payment 
          for an individual living alone)
    -------------------------------------
    $157 (Total SSI payment)

NOTE:  For information on how your living arrangement affects
your SSI payment, see Living Arrangements on page 17.


WHEN DOES DEEMED INCOME APPLY? 
------------------------------
 
. When a person who is eligible for SSI lives with a spouse who   
  is not eligible for SSI, SSA may count some of the spouse's    
  income in figuring the SSI payment.  
. When a disabled child under age 18 lives with parents who do 
  not receive SSI, SSA may count the parents' income in figuring 
  the SSI payment.
. When an alien has a sponsor, SSA may count the sponsor's       
  income in figuring the SSI payment.

  From January 1, 1994 through September 30, 1996, SSA may count
  a sponsor's income for 5 years after an alien was admitted to
  the United States for permanent residence.  (Before that, SSA
  counted a sponsor's income for 3 years.) 

WHEN DOES DEEMED INCOME NOT APPLY? 
----------------------------------

. When you no longer live with a spouse or parent.
. When a disabled or blind child reaches age 18.
. When an alien's sponsoring period is over. 
. When a sponsored alien becomes disabled or blind after          
  admission into the U.S. for permanent residence. 
. When an alien's sponsor dies. 

NOTE:  See the section, "What Are Resources?," on page 12 and the
section, "How Does Deeming Work for a Child?," on page 18, for
more information on deeming to children.  Also see the SSI
Spotlight on Deeming Parental Income and Resources.

                                                           -17-

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS
===================

WHY IS MY LIVING ARRANGEMENT IMPORTANT? 
---------------------------------------

Your living arrangement determines how much SSI you can get. 

This means your SSI benefits may vary depending on where you
live:

. In your own place such as a house, apartment, or trailer; or 
. In someone else's household; or 
. In a congregate care or board and care facility; or   
. In an institution.

NOTE:  For more information on living arrangements, see the SSI
Spotlight on Living Arrangements.

Some living arrangements reduce your SSI: 

. When you live in another person's house, apartment, or trailer,
  and you pay only a part of your share of your food or housing
  costs; 
. When you live in a house, apartment, or trailer, and someone    
  else pays for all or part of your food, rent, or mortgage and   
  other things like electricity and garbage removal. 
. When you are in a hospital or nursing home for the whole        
  month and Medicaid pays for over one-half of the bill.
. When you are in an institution run by a Federal, State,         
  or local government for the whole month.  (In most government   
  institutions, you cannot get any SSI unless Medicaid is paying  
  more than one-half of your bills.) 

NOTE:  If you will be in a medical institution for 90 days or
less, you may receive SSI.  See the SSI Spotlight on Continued
Payments for Persons Who Are Temporarily Institutionalized. 

If you live in a State that does not supplement the SSI benefit
rate, refer to the "Understanding SSI Update" for the current
Federal SSI payment if you have no other countable income and
live alone or pay your share of food and household costs, or live
in the household of another person, or live in a Medicaid
institution.

If you live in a State that does supplement the SSI benefit rate,
refer to page 6 for more information. 

Contact your local Social Security office for the amount of SSI
you will receive based on your living arrangements. 

WHAT IF YOU ARE HOMELESS? 
-------------------------

Your payment is figured the same as a person who lives in his own
house, apartment, or trailer.

CAN YOU RECEIVE SSI WHILE LIVING IN A PUBLIC SHELTER FOR THE
HOMELESS? 

Yes.  You can receive up to the maximum SSI payable in your State
while living in a public shelter for up to 6 months out of any
9-month period.

WHERE WILL YOU GET YOUR SSI IF YOU DON'T HAVE AN ADDRESS?
---------------------------------------------------------

You don't need an address to get SSI.  SSA will make arrangements
to pay you.

                                                           18
SSI FOR CHILDREN
================

WHO IS A "CHILD" FOR SSI?
-------------------------

A person who is neither married nor head of the household and:

. Is under age 18; or
. Is under age 22 and is a student regularly attending school or
  college or training that is designed to prepare the person for
  a paying job. 

NOTE:  There is no minimum age requirement for SSI eligibility.

WHAT IS "DISABLED OR BLIND" FOR A CHILD?
----------------------------------------

Disabled

. If under 18--substantially reduced ability to function 
  independently, appropriately, and effectively in a manner
  children of a similar age would due to a physical or mental
  impairment(s) which has lasted or which is expected to last at
  least 12 months or end in death.
. If 18--22, the Adult disability definition on page 10 applies.

Blind

. 20/200 vision or less in your better eye with best correction;  
  or
. Your visual field is 20 degrees or less, even with a corrective
  lens.                      

HOW DOES DEEMING WORK FOR A CHILD?
----------------------------------

If a child is under age 18, not married, and lives at home with
parents who do not receive SSI payments, the parents' income or
resources may be counted as being available to the child.  This
is called "deeming."

There are deductions for parents and for other children living in
the home.

After these deductions are subtracted, the amount remaining is
used to decide if the child meets the SSI income requirements for
a monthly payment. 

NOTE:  For more information, see the SSI Spotlight on Deeming
Parental Income and Resources.  

WHEN DOES DEEMING NOT APPLY?
----------------------------

Deeming stops when a child reaches age 18 or no longer lives with
a parent.            

Deeming does not apply, and SSA may pay up to $30 plus the
applicable State supplement when:

. A disabled child who received SSI while in an institution goes 
  to live at home; and
. The child is eligible for Medicaid under a State home care      
  plan; and
. Deeming would otherwise cause ineligibility for SSI.

SSA does not consider the income of a parent for deeming purposes
if the parent receives a public income maintenance payment, such
as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC).

CAN A CHILD GET MEDICAID?
-------------------------

In most States, a child who gets SSI can get Medicaid to help pay
medical bills.

In some cases, a child may be eligible for Medicaid while in an
institution, but not be eligible when living at home either
because of the parents' income and resources or because the child
receives in-kind help or other income.

At the States' option, children under age 18 who live at home may
keep Medicaid eligibility while getting home care if that care is
less costly to the government.

Even if not eligible for Medicaid due to SSI, a child still may
be eligible for Medicaid under other State rules.  Always check
with the State.  

Other State services may also be available.

CHILDREN OF ARMED FORCES PERSONNEL LIVING OVERSEAS
--------------------------------------------------

Children living with a parent in the military service overseas
may receive SSI but are not eligible for Medicaid.  Medicaid
eligibility is based on an individual physically living in a
State with the intention of remaining there permanently or for an
indefinite period.

NOTE:  For more information, see the SSI Spotlight on Special SSI
Rules for Children of Military Personnel Living Overseas.

DEEMING ELIGIBILITY GUIDELINES
------------------------------

The Deeming Eligibility Chart for Children in the "Understanding
SSI Update" gives the highest amount of gross monthly income for
this year (before taxes are withheld) which parent(s) can earn or
receive and still have a child qualify for SSI.  Note that some
types of income that a parent may receive are not counted; e.g.,
money received for providing foster care to an ineligible child.
NOTE:  For more information on income, see SSI Income on page 14.

USE CAUTION WHEN USING THE DEEMING ELIGIBILITY CHART FOR DEEMING
OF INCOME TO CHILDREN.  IF THERE IS ANY DOUBT WHETHER A CHILD IS
ELIGIBLE, CONTACT YOUR SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR HELP.

The Deeming Eligibility Chart for Children in the "Understanding
SSI Update" DOES NOT APPLY when: 

. The parent(s) receive both earned income (e.g., wages or 
  net earnings from self-employment) and unearned income (e.g., 
  Social Security benefits, pensions, unemployment compensation, 
  interest income, State disability, and Veterans' benefits). 
. The parent receives a public income maintenance payment such as 
  Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) or a needs-based 
  pension from the Department of Veterans Affairs.
. The parent pays court-ordered support payments.     
. The child has income of his own. 
. There is more than one disabled child applying for or receiving 
  SSI.           

Use the Deeming Eligibility Chart for Children in the
"Understanding SSI Update" for children in the following States
or territory, which do not supplement the Federal payment:

Alaska                Kansas               North Carolina  
Arkansas              Maryland             South Carolina
Delaware              Mississippi          Tennessee
Georgia               Missouri             Texas
Indiana               N. Mariana Islands   Virginia               
                      Ohio                 West Virginia

If you live in one of the States listed below, SSA administers
the State supplement for children.  Call your Social Security
office for deeming eligibility information.

California            Michigan             Rhode Island 
District of Columbia  Montana*             Utah  
Hawaii                Nevada*              Vermont
Iowa                  New Jersey           Washington
Maine                 New York             Wisconsin
Massachusetts         Pennsylvania   

* Nevada supplements blind children only.  Montana supplements
disabled and blind children in certified foster homes only.

If you live in one of the States listed below, your State
administers the State supplement for children.  Contact the State
for information.

Alabama               Illinois            New Mexico 
Arizona               Kentucky            North Dakota
Colorado              Louisiana           Oklahoma 
Connecticut*          Nebraska            Oregon
Florida*              Minnesota*          South Dakota
Idaho                 New Hampshire*      Wyoming  

* Connecticut, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Oregon only supplement
payments to blind children.  Florida supplements disabled
children only under the long-term care residential program. 
South Dakota supplements disabled and blind children in
residential care facilities.

                                                           -21-
SSI APPLICATION PROCESS
=======================

HOW TO APPLY FOR SSI 
--------------------

You can call Social Security and make an appointment to apply for
benefits.  You can have an appointment on the telephone or in
person at your Social Security office. 

Someone else can call for you. 

You can visit a Social Security office to apply without making an
appointment, but you may have to wait awhile. 

You will have to provide information and work with us to get
documents concerning SSI eligibility. 

You or your representative will have to sign an application. 

Most of the forms to apply for SSI are not designed for
self-completion.  An SSA claims representative interviews you and
completes the forms with information you give. 

WHEN TO APPLY
-------------

Apply as soon as possible so that you do not lose benefits.  The
first date you contact SSA about applying for SSI is the earliest
date from which benefits can be paid.

If you call SSA to make an appointment to apply, SSA will use the
date of your call as your application date.  

If you do not keep this appointment, SSA will send you a letter
saying you must apply within 60 days (from the date of the
letter) to use the date of your original call as your SSI
application date.

If you are in a public institution but you will be leaving within
a few months, you may not be eligible for SSI until you leave. 
You may, however, be able to apply before you leave so that SSI
benefits can begin quickly after you leave.  Check with the
institution and the local Social Security office about filing an
application under the "prerelease procedures."

IF YOU DO NOT SPEAK ENGLISH OR YOU NEED AN INTERPRETER BECAUSE OF
-----------------------------------------------------------------
DEAFNESS 
--------

. Have a translator or interpreter with you during the interview;
  or 
. When you make your appointment, ask SSA if they can find        
  someone to translate or interpret for you. 

WHAT SSA WILL ASK YOU ABOUT 
---------------------------

To decide whether you can get SSI, the staff at Social Security
will ask you about:     

. Your income;     
. The things you own (resources);     
. Your living arrangements--where you live, with whom, who pays   
  for things, etc.; and
. Your citizenship or alien status. 

If you are age 65 or over, SSA will ask for proof of your age
(unless you already get Social Security). 

If you are applying because you have a disability or are blind,
SSA will also ask about your health problems, your treatment
history, and how your health problems affect your daily
activities. 
                                                           -23-

DOCUMENTS YOU MAY NEED WHEN YOU APPLY
=====================================

Social Security Card or Number
Proof of Age
Citizenship or Alien Status Record
Proof of Income
Proof of Resources
Proof of Living Arrangements
Medical Sources

NOTE:  You may not need all these documents.  The Social Security
employee will tell you what you need and will help you get it if
you are having trouble. 

SOCIAL SECURITY CARD OR NUMBER 
------------------------------

You will need to apply for a Social Security Number if you do not
have one.

PROOF OF AGE 
------------

A public birth record recorded before age 5; or 

A religious birth record recorded before age 5; or 

Any other documents showing your age or date of birth. 

NOTE:  If you already proved your age when you applied for Social
Security benefits, you do not need to prove it again for SSI.

CITIZENSHIP OR ALIEN STATUS RECORD 
----------------------------------

If you are a citizen: 

. Birth certificate showing your place of birth; or 
. Religious record of birth or baptism showing your place of      
  birth in the U.S.; or 
. Naturalization certificate; or 
. U.S. passport; or 
. Certificate of citizenship. 

If you are not a citizen: 

. Immigration form or certificate showing status (e.g., alien 
  registration card). 

PROOF OF INCOME 
---------------

Earned Income -- payroll stubs, or if self-employed, a tax
return. 

Unearned Income -- Any records you have (e.g., award letters,
bank statements, court orders, receipts) showing how much you
receive, how often, and the source of the payment.

PROOF OF RESOURCES 
------------------

Bank statement for all checking and savings accounts. 

Deed or Tax appraisal statement for all property you own besides
the house you live in. 

Insurance policies. 

Either certificates of deposit, stocks, or bonds. 

PROOF OF LIVING ARRANGEMENTS
----------------------------

Deed or property tax bill.

Lease or rent receipt.

Medical assistance cards for all household members.

Information about household costs, food, utilities, etc.

MEDICAL SOURCES 
---------------

Medical reports, if you have them.

Names, addresses, and telephone numbers of doctors and other
providers of medical services, if you are applying as a blind or
disabled person.

OTHER SOURCES
-------------

If you are applying as a disabled child, the names, addresses,
and telephone numbers of people (teachers, caregivers) who can
provide information about how your condition affects your
day-to-day activities.

NOTE:  The above lists are not all inclusive and you may not need
all of these proofs.  Sometimes, one document can substitute for
another.  SSA will tell you what documents you need and what
other documents are acceptable. 

THINGS TO REMEMBER 
------------------

Do not wait to apply.  The first date you contact SSA about
applying for SSI is the earliest date from which benefits can be
paid.  If you do not have all of the things SSA needs, you can
get them later, if necessary.  Apply as early as possible so that
you "protect" your filing date--the date from which benefits can
begin. 

SSA needs to see the ORIGINAL documents.  Photocopies are not
acceptable.  SSA will return the original documents to you.

Try to keep a copy of things you send SSA.  Keep track of the
dates you send information to SSA, or talk to SSA, as well as the
name of the SSA employee with whom you spoke. 

                                                           -25-
IF YOU HAVE A DISABILITY OR ARE BLIND
=====================================

WHAT INFORMATION DOES SSA ASK FOR ON THE DISABILITY FORMS? 
----------------------------------------------------------

If you are applying for SSI because you have a disability or are 
blind, SSA will ask you:

. What your disability is, how it affects your ability to work,   
  how it affects your ability to function in your                 
  daily activities, and how long it has bothered you.
. About the kind of medical treatments you have had or 
  any medicines you take. 
. For names, addresses, and phone numbers of doctors and 
  other providers of medical services; dates of treatment, and
  clinic or patient identification numbers.  
. For names and addresses of hospitals and dates of 
  in-patient and out-patient treatment. 
. For names and addresses of persons who know how your 
  condition affects your day-to-day functioning.
. About schools you have attended. 
. Dates, places, and types of work you have done in the past 
  15 years. 

NOTE:  SSA may ask you to fill out forms about your disability or
blindness.  If you need help, an SSA employee will help you.  (If
the forms are mailed to you, you can also ask someone you trust
to help you.) 

WHO DECIDES IF YOU ARE DISABLED OR BLIND? 
-----------------------------------------

The Disability Determination Service (DDS) in your State makes
the disability or blindness decision for SSA. 

NOTE:  See page 10 for the definition of disability and blindness
for adults over age 18 and children under age 18.

Your local Social Security office decides whether you meet the
other eligibility requirements concerning your income, resources,
citizenship, etc.

Your local Social Security office also decides if you are
performing substantial gainful activity (SGA).  (See Step 1 of
the sections on the sequential evaluation process for adults on
page 26 and for children on page 27.)

HOW LONG DOES THE DECISION TAKE? 
--------------------------------

Usually about 3 to 4 months from the date of application.

Sometimes SSA can make a "presumptive disability or blindness"
decision which takes less time.

NOTE:  For more information on presumptive disability or
blindness decisions, see the section on "Presumptive Disability
or Blindness Payments" on page 40. 

HOW DOES THE DDS DECIDE IF YOU ARE DISABLED OR BLIND? 
-----------------------------------------------------

DDS workers ask your doctors and other people who have treated
you for a medical history of your condition:  what is wrong and
when it began; how the condition limits your activities; what
medical tests show; and what treatment they gave you. 

A trained DDS team, including a doctor and a DDS disability
examiner, looks at the forms you filled out, your medical
records, information about how you are functioning, and, if
applicable, your work history, and then decides if you are
disabled or blind for SSI purposes. 

If they cannot make a decision based on the information they
have, the DDS will pay for you to have a special medical
examination.  It is important that you go to the special medical
examination if one is scheduled.  If you do not keep the
appointment, your claim could be denied. 

NOTE:  For more information on when SSA pays for you to attend a
medical exam, see the SSI Spotlight on Payment for Travel to
Medical Exams.

In deciding if you are disabled, the DDS team uses a process
called the sequential evaluation process.

SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS
-----------------------------

If you appear to meet all the non-medical eligibility
requirements (income, resources, residency, citizenship, etc.), a
step-by-step process involving five questions is used to decide
your disability case.  These five steps are called the sequential
evaluation process.  The following sections describe how
sequential evaluation is used for both adults and children.

SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION FOR ADULTS AGE 18 OR OLDER
------------------------------------------------

STEP 1:  ARE YOU WORKING?

If you are working and performing substantial gainful activity,
then you are not disabled, and the process ends here.  This
decision is made in the SSA office.

SSA decides if work is "substantial" (significant) and "gainful"
(for pay).  A general rule is that substantial gainful activity
is earnings over $500 per month.  Earnings under $300 per month
are not substantial gainful activity.

If you are not working and performing substantial gainful
activity, your case will be sent to the DDS for a decision.

STEP 2:  DO YOU HAVE A SEVERE IMPAIRMENT?

If the DDS finds that you do not have a "severe" impairment, then
you are found not disabled and the process ends here.  A severe
impairment is one which significantly limits your ability to do
"basic work activities."

Examples of basic work activities are:

. Physical functions such as standing, walking, sitting, lifting
. Seeing, hearing, speaking
. Understanding and carrying out simple instructions
. Use of judgment
. Responding appropriately to supervision and co-workers
. Dealing with changes

STEP 3:  DO YOU HAVE AN IMPAIRMENT WHICH MEETS OR EQUALS A SOCIAL
         SECURITY "LISTED IMPAIRMENT?"

SSA's regulations list specific impairments under different body
systems such as musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular,
neurological, etc.  If your impairment meets the requirements of
a listed impairment, then you are found to be disabled and the
process ends here.

If your impairment is not listed, the DDS looks at whether the
impairment is of a severity equal to a listed impairment.  If
your impairment equals the requirements of a listed impairment,
then you are found to be disabled and the process ends here.

If your disability does not meet or equal a listed impairment,
you can still be found disabled later in the process.  The DDS
decides what you can do physically and mentally despite the
limitations resulting from your impairments.  This decision is
called a "Residual Functional Capacity" or RFC assessment.

STEP 4:  ARE YOU ABLE TO DO YOUR PAST WORK?

If, taking into account your RFC assessment, you are able to do
work you did in the past (generally the last 15 years), you will
be found to be not disabled and the process ends here.

STEP 5:  CAN YOU DO ANY OTHER KIND OF WORK?

The DDS looks at your RFC assessment and takes into account your
age, education, and work experience.  If the DDS finds that you
can do some other work, you will be found to be not disabled.  If
you can do no other work, you will be found disabled.

SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION FOR CHILDREN UNDER AGE 18
-----------------------------------------------

STEP 1:  ARE YOU WORKING?

This step is exactly the same as Step 1 for adults.  (See page
26.)

STEP 2:  DO YOU HAVE A SEVERE IMPAIRMENT? 

If the DDS finds that you do not have a "severe" impairment, then
you are found not disabled and the process ends here.  A severe
impairment is one which causes more than a minimal limitation in
your ability to perform age-appropriate activities of daily
living.

Age-appropriate activities can involve:
. Recreation and play
. School and academics
. Self-care
. Relating to peers and family members         

STEP 3:  DO YOU HAVE AN IMPAIRMENT WHICH MEETS OR EQUALS A SOCIAL
         SECURITY "LISTED IMPAIRMENT?"

If your impairment meets the requirements of a listed impairment,
then you are found to be disabled and the process ends here. 
Likewise, if your impairment is not the same as a listed
impairment but its severity equals the requirements of a listed
impairment, then you are found to be disabled and the process
ends here.

If your disability does not meet or equal a listed impairment,
you can still be found disabled later in the process.  The DDS
evaluates what you can do physically and mentally based on
evidence in your file.  This evaluation is called an
"Individualized Functional Assessment" or IFA.

STEP 4:  DO YOU HAVE AN IMPAIRMENT WHICH IS OF COMPARABLE
         SEVERITY TO AN IMPAIRMENT WHICH WOULD DISABLE AN ADULT?

The IFA is an evaluation of the impact of your impairment on your
overall ability to function independently, appropriately, and
effectively as other children your age would.  Your ability to
function is assessed in several areas including communication,
motor skills, social skills, cognition, and task completion
skills including concentration, persistence, and pace. 

If your impairment so limits your physical or mental ability to
function in an age-appropriate manner that your limitations are
comparable to those which would disable an adult, you will be
found disabled.  If the limitations are not comparable to those
which would disable an adult, you will be found to be not
disabled.

ONCE YOU ARE ON SSI DISABILITY, DOES IT ALWAYS CONTINUE?
--------------------------------------------------------

SSA and the DDS periodically reevaluate your disability or
blindness to decide if you are still disabled or blind.  If you
are no longer disabled or blind, your benefits will stop. 

This reevaluation is called a Continuing Disability Review. 

The type of disability you have determines how often SSA
reevaluates your disability. 

You can appeal if SSA proposes to stop your benefits.  If SSA
proposes stopping your disability benefits, you may continue to
receive disability benefits if you appeal SSA's decision.  SSA's
notice proposing to stop your benefits will tell you how to
appeal.

                                                           -29-
SSI WORK INCENTIVES
===================

WHAT ARE WORK INCENTIVES? 
-------------------------

Work incentives are rules which are intended to help disabled or
blind SSI recipients return to work by minimizing the risk of
losing their SSI or Medicaid benefits. 

Some incentives allow SSA to not count some of your income or
resources.

Other incentives let you continue to receive Medicaid coverage
even though you are not receiving an SSI check. 

EARNED INCOME EXCLUSION 
-----------------------

SSA does not count the first $65 of earned income plus one-half
of the amount over $65.  Therefore, your SSI check is reduced
only $1 for every $2 you earn over $65 ($85 if you have no
unearned income). 

This rule also applies to people age 65 or older. 

STUDENT EARNED INCOME EXCLUSION 
-------------------------------
If you are a student under age 22, SSA may exclude up to $400 of
gross earnings in a month (but not more than $1,620 in a calendar
year) in figuring your countable income. 

IMPAIRMENT-RELATED WORK EXPENSES 
--------------------------------

If you are a person with a disability, you may deduct the cost of
certain items and services related to your disability which you
need in order to work.  For example, the costs of car
modifications or attendant care may qualify. 

If you have impairment-related work expenses, the amount of
countable earned income SSA uses to figure your SSI payment may
be reduced.  This means your SSI payments could go up.

SSA may also consider these items when it figures your earnings
in order to decide if you are doing substantial work.

Other work expense deductions apply to blind individuals.

WORK EXPENSES FOR BLIND PERSONS 
-------------------------------

If you are blind, SSA will deduct any part of your earned income
that you spend to be able to work, such as for transportation,
taxes, or special equipment. 

PLANS FOR ACHIEVING SELF-SUPPORT (PASS)
---------------------------------------

If you are blind or have a disability, you may set up a fixed
length plan to put aside income or resources to meet expenses for
reaching an occupational goal. 

Unlike impairment-related work expenses, you may use a PASS to
exclude unearned income and resources as well as earned income. 

SSA does not count income or resources set aside under a plan
when figuring the SSI payment amount. 

You can use a PASS to establish, maintain, or increase SSI
payments.

NOTE:  See SSI Spotlight on Plans for Achieving Self-Support.

SECTION 1619(a) OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT:  BENEFIT CONTINUATION
-----------------------------------------------------------------
FOR PEOPLE WHO WORK 
-------------------

Even if you are working at or above the SGA level, you can
continue to receive cash and Medicaid benefits.  Your payments
are not stopped because you show that you can work.  However,
your disabling condition must continue to exist.

SECTION 1619(b) OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT:  MEDICAID ELIGIBILITY
-----------------------------------------------------------------
FOR PEOPLE WHO WORK 
-------------------

Section 1619(b) provides that, in most cases, even if your earned
income (after the applicable exclusions) is too high to permit an
SSI payment, you may still be eligible for Medicaid as long as
you need Medicaid benefits in order to work. 

SPECIAL BENEFITS FOR INSTITUTIONALIZED "1619" BENEFICIARIES 
-----------------------------------------------------------

If you are eligible under section 1619 of the Social Security Act
and you enter a medical institution, you are eligible for a full
SSI payment for up to 2 months.

REINSTATEMENT WITHOUT REAPPLYING 
--------------------------------

If you are eligible for Medicaid under section 1619(b), you may
begin receiving payments again if your earnings drop. 

If you are not eligible for Medicaid under section 1619(b)
because your earnings are too high, you again may become eligible
for Medicaid or to receive cash payments if your earnings drop
within 12 months. 

In each case, you do not need to file a new application. 

SECTION 301 OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT:  CONTINUATION OF BENEFITS 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
AFTER MEDICAL RECOVERY
----------------------

You can continue getting SSI payments even after you medically
recover if you are participating in an approved vocational
rehabilitation program. 

HOW TO FIND OUT MORE 
--------------------

Each Social Security office has a Work Incentive Liaison who
works with outside organizations that serve disabled and blind
people.

An SSA claims representative at the local Social Security office
can explain how work incentive provisions apply to your
individual case. 

For more information on work incentives see the SSI Spotlight on:

. Student Earned Income Exclusion 
. Continued Medicaid Eligibility for People Who Work (Section 
  1619(b)) 
. Special SSI Rule for Blind People Who Work 
. Impairment-Related Work Expenses 
. Plans for Achieving Self-Support 

The "Red Book on Work Incentives," which is also available on
audio cassette, contains additional information on both SSI and
Social Security disability work incentives.  A copy of this
booklet may be requested from Social Security.

                                                           -32-
REPORTING RESPONSIBILITIES OF SSI RECIPIENTS 
============================================

WHAT YOU MUST REPORT TO SSA 
---------------------------

You must report the changes listed below to SSA.  They may affect
your eligibility for SSI and your payment amount:  

. Change of address; 
. Change in living arrangements; 
. Change in income; 
. Change in resources; 
. Death of spouse or anyone in your household; 
. Change in marital status; 
. Eligibility for other benefits; 
. Admission to or discharge from a hospital, nursing home, or     
  other institution;
. Change in school attendance; and
. Leaving the U.S. 

WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DO NOT REPORT CHANGES  
-----------------------------------------

You may be underpaid and not receive the additional payments due
you as early as you could if you report. 

You may be overpaid and may have to pay SSA back. 

A penalty may be charged for failing to report within the time
limit. 

IF YOU ARE DISABLED YOU MUST ALSO REPORT:
-----------------------------------------

. Medical improvement; 
. Refusal to accept vocational rehabilitation services if         
  referred;
. Refusal or stopping of treatment for substance abuse; and
. Return to work. 

WHEN TO REPORT 
--------------

Within 10 days after the end of the month in which the event
occurs. 
                                                           -33-
NOTICES AND LETTERS FROM SSA 
============================

WHAT DOES A NOTICE LOOK LIKE? 
-----------------------------

It will say "Notice of . . ." at the top of the page. 

WHEN DOES SSA SEND YOU A NOTICE?
--------------------------------

Whenever there is any decision about your eligibility or change
in your payment amount.  

WHY DOES SSA SEND YOU A NOTICE?
-------------------------------

To tell you something about your SSI benefits. 

To give you the chance to appeal the decision if you do not agree
with it. 

WHAT DOES A NOTICE TELL YOU? 
----------------------------

All SSI notices state their purpose; e.g., notice of planned
action, notice of decision, notice of change, etc. 

If SSA plans any change in the check amount, the notice will
state the starting date of the proposed change.  This will
usually be about 30 days from the date of the notice. 

Notices give the reason for the planned action or decision. 

Most notices explain what you need to do if you disagree with
what the notice says. 

WHEN DOES SSA SEND A LETTER?
----------------------------

The letter may ask you to call, come into the office, or to send
some information or proofs. 

SSA sends you a letter when they need more information about your
claim. 

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU RECEIVE A LETTER FROM SSA AND YOU
-----------------------------------------------------------
CANNOT DO WHAT SSA ASKS IN TIME? 
--------------------------------

Call SSA right away to tell them.  They will help you do what you
need to do. 

Do not ignore the letter.  If you do, SSA may stop or reduce your
benefits.  Your Medicaid may also stop.  If you are applying for
benefits, SSA may deny your claim.

RESPONDING TO A NOTICE OR LETTER 
--------------------------------

If you do not understand a notice or letter you receive, you
should contact SSA, and they will explain it to you.  Have the
notice or letter with you for this contact.

SSA has a special process for delivering notices and letters to
people who are blind.  Call SSA for more information. 

                                                           -34-
SSI REDETERMINATION             
===================

WHAT IS A REDETERMINATION? 
--------------------------

SSA reviews your income, resources, and living arrangements to be
sure you are still eligible for SSI and are getting the right
amount of SSI payments. 

If you are married to someone not on SSI or you are a disabled
child under age 18 living with your parents, SSA also reviews the
income, resources, and living arrangements of your spouse or
parents. 

WHEN IS A REDETERMINATION CONDUCTED? 
------------------------------------

Generally, once within 6 months after benefits are awarded, then
every 1 to 3 years. 

Sometimes when you report a change that affects eligibility or
payment (e.g., marriage). 

HOW DOES SSA DO A REDETERMINATION? 
----------------------------------

There are three ways that SSA does a redetermination:  

. By telephone interview; 
. In person; or 
. By mail. 

For telephone and in-person interviews, SSA sends a letter asking
you to telephone or come into the Social Security office for a
redetermination.  The letter tells you what time to call or come
to the office.  SSA staff will fill out the forms during the
interview based on information you give. 

If you are not able to make the scheduled appointment, call
Social Security; they will make a new appointment that is more
convenient. 

For redeterminations conducted by mail, SSA sends you a short
redetermination form for you to complete and return to Social
Security.  If you have a representative payee, he or she can
complete the form for you. 

If you need help completing a redetermination form you receive in
the mail, call or visit Social Security.  SSA staff will help you
fill it out. 

RESPONDING TO THE APPOINTMENT LETTER OR THE REQUEST TO COMPLETE
---------------------------------------------------------------
FORMS
-----

You have 30 days to:  

. Respond to the appointment letter;     
. Complete and return the form; or     
. Tell SSA that you cannot keep the appointment or are having 
  trouble filling out the form. 

WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DO NOT RESPOND TO THE APPOINTMENT LETTER OR
---------------------------------------------------------------
COMPLETE AND RETURN THE FORM? 
-----------------------------

If you do not respond you may:      

. Have your checks stopped; 
. Get overpaid; 
. Be underpaid; or 
. Lose your Medicaid eligibility. 

DOCUMENTS THAT YOU MAY NEED FOR A REDETERMINATION 
-------------------------------------------------

Savings account, checking account, or other bank statements 

Pay stubs or income tax returns 

Proof of other income you receive (e.g., pensions, annuities,
unemployment compensation, worker's compensation, etc.)  

Life insurance policies 

Burial contracts 

NOTE:  All these may not be needed.  SSA will tell you what you
need and help you get it. 

                                                           -36-

SSI OVERPAYMENTS            
================

WHAT IS AN OVERPAYMENT?
-----------------------

When you have been paid more than the amount due for any month.  

WHAT CAN CAUSE AN OVERPAYMENT? 
------------------------------

Your income is more than you estimated.  

Your living situation changes. 

You have more resources than the allowable limit.

You are no longer disabled and continue to receive benefits.

You do not report a change to SSA (on time or at all) as
required.  

SSA incorrectly figures your benefits.

WHAT WILL SSA DO IF THERE IS AN OVERPAYMENT? 
--------------------------------------------

SSA will send you a notice explaining the overpayment and asking
for a full refund within 30 days.  If you are currently getting
checks and do not make a full refund, the notice will propose to
withhold the overpayment at the rate of 10 percent of your total
income.  The notice will also fully explain your appeal rights.

If you do not understand why you were overpaid, ask an SSA
representative to explain. 

WHAT CAN YOU DO IF YOU GET AN OVERPAYMENT NOTICE? 
-------------------------------------------------

If you believe you were not overpaid, you may request a
reconsideration. 

NOTE:  For information on requesting a reconsideration, see the
SSI Appeals Process, page 38.

If you ask for an appeal within 10 days of the date on the
notice, SSA will not reduce your check until they make a
decision.  

*** IF YOU AGREE THAT YOU ARE OVERPAID, BUT FEEL THAT IT WAS NOT
YOUR FAULT, ASK FOR A WAIVER.  ASK FOR AND COMPLETE FORM SSA-632
(REQUEST FOR WAIVER).  SSA WILL HELP YOU IF NECESSARY. 

You can ask for a waiver at any time.   

If SSA grants a waiver you will not have to repay the
overpayment.  Generally for SSA to grant a waiver, you must show
that:   

. It was not your fault that you were overpaid; and     
. You cannot pay back the overpayment because you need the money  
  to meet your ordinary living expenses.  You may have to submit  
  bills to show that your monthly expenses use up all of your     
  income and that it would be a hardship for you to repay. 

*** IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHAT CAUSED THE OVERPAYMENT, YOU MAY ASK
FOR A RECONSIDERATION, OR A WAIVER, OR BOTH. 

You may ask to see your file to see the information SSA used in
figuring the overpayment.  Have SSA explain the reason for the
overpayment while you are examining your file. 

WHAT IF THERE WAS AN OVERPAYMENT AND SSA DOES NOT GRANT YOUR
------------------------------------------------------------
REQUEST FOR A WAIVER?   
---------------------

You will have to pay back the overpayment or have it withheld
from your monthly checks. 

You can ask that less than the proposed amount be withheld from
your checks each month, or you can arrange to make monthly
payments if you no longer get SSI.
                                                           -38-

SSI APPEALS PROCESS 
===================

YOU MAY APPEAL MOST DECISIONS THE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
----------------------------------------------------------------
MAKES.
------

SSA has established procedures for individuals who disagree with
a decision they make.  These are:     

. Reconsideration; 
. Administrative Law Judge Hearing; and 
. Appeals Council Review. 

You may challenge any decision which is considered an "initial
determination" by filing a written appeal.  Most decisions SSA
makes are considered to be an "initial determination" such as: 

. Whether or not you are eligible; 
. How much the SSI benefit amount should be; or 
. Whether you must repay an overpayment. 

Contact your local Social Security office to file an appeal. 

NOTE:  You may have your representative act for you in the SSA
appeals process.  For information on how to appoint a
representative, see How Someone Can Help You With Your SSI on
page 9.

INITIAL DETERMINATION 
---------------------

After you have filed an application for SSI benefits, SSA will
mail you a written decision.  This is the "initial
determination."

STEPS IN THE APPEALS PROCESS 
----------------------------

1. RECONSIDERATION 

If you disagree with the initial determination, you may request
reconsideration by writing to SSA or by completing a Form SSA-561
(Request for Reconsideration).      

. You or your representative must ask in writing for 
  reconsideration WITHIN 60 DAYS of when you receive the initial
  determination.  If you ask for reconsideration WITHIN 10 DAYS,
  any payments SSA is currently making will continue until SSA
  makes a decision.

. SSA will send you a notice of the reconsideration decision. 

2. HEARING 

If you disagree with the reconsideration decision, you or your
representative may request a hearing before an administrative law
judge by writing to SSA or by completing a Form SSA-501 (Request
for Hearing).  SSA will help you complete this form.

You or your representative must request a hearing WITHIN 60 DAYS
after you get the notice of reconsideration.  You or your
representative may review your file before the hearing and may
add new evidence to the file at this time. 

If you do not want a hearing before the judge, you or your
representative may ask the judge to make a decision based on the
evidence in your file.

If you do want to have a hearing before a judge, it is very
important that you or your representative appear in person at the
scheduled hearing.  If for any reason you cannot make it, contact
the judge as soon as possible before the hearing and explain why. 
If you do not attend the scheduled hearing, you may lose your
appeal rights and benefits.

SSA may pay you for travel costs if travel to the hearing from
your home is more than 75 miles one way.  If you need money for
travel costs, tell the judge as soon as possible before the
hearing. 

In a disability case, the judge may also want you to have more
medical exams or tests.  You may request further medical exams or
tests if you think you need more medical information.  The judge
decides whether to grant your request.

The judge may ask other witnesses, such as doctors, to come to
the hearing.  You may ask the judge to order certain witnesses to
attend the hearing.  

During the hearing, the judge will explain your case and may ask
you and any witnesses questions.  You may also ask any witnesses
questions and present new evidence. 

The hearing is informal but is recorded. You may ask for a copy
of the tape.

The judge will send both you and your representative a copy of
the hearing decision. 

3. APPEALS COUNCIL 

If you disagree with the judge's decision, you or your
representative may request an appeal by writing SSA and
requesting an Appeals Council review or by completing a Form
SSA-520 (Request for Review of Hearing Decision/Order.)  SSA will
help you complete this form.  You or your representative must ask
for an Appeals Council review WITHIN 60 DAYS after you get the
hearing decision. 

You or your representative may enter any new evidence into your
file.

The Appeals Council carefully examines your case and will grant,
deny, or dismiss your request for review.  If the Appeals Council
grants your request for review, it will either decide your case
or return it to the judge for further actions, which could
include another hearing and a new decision.  The Appeals Council
will send you and your representative a copy of its decision,
which will explain the action taken on your request. 

4. FEDERAL COURT 

If you disagree with the final decision of the Appeals Council,
you may appeal the decision.  You can do this by filing a civil
action with the U. S. District Court in your area.  SSA cannot
help you file a court action.  You may want to contact a lawyer
or a legal aid group to help you. 

You must file an action in Federal court WITHIN 60 DAYS after you
receive the Appeals Council decision. 

The Federal Court will review the evidence and the earlier
decisions, but will not conduct another hearing.

                                                           -40-
EXPEDITED PAYMENTS 
==================

There are three different situations in which you may be able to
receive payments more quickly than usual: 

. Presumptive Disability or Blindness Payment; 
. Emergency Advance Payment; and
. Immediate Payment.

PRESUMPTIVE DISABILITY OR BLINDNESS PAYMENTS 
--------------------------------------------

These benefit payments are available for up to 6 months if you
applied for SSI because of a disability or blindness and are
waiting for the Disability Determination Service (DDS) to make a
final decision. 

NOTE:  The amount of each benefit payment will be based on your
countable income.  See page 14 for an explanation of countable
income.

The SSA office can make a presumptive disability or blindness
decision if you have one or more of the following medical
conditions:

. Amputation of two limbs 
. Amputation of a leg at the hip 
. Allegation of total deafness   
. Allegation of total blindness 
. Allegation of bed confinement or immobility without             
  a wheelchair, walker, or crutches, allegedly due to a           
  longstanding condition -- excluding recent accident and recent  
  surgery 
. Allegation of cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or muscular 
  atrophy and marked difficulty in walking (e.g., use of braces),
  speaking or coordination of the hands or arms 
. Allegation of diabetes with amputation of a foot
. Allegation of Down's Syndrome  
. An applicant filing on behalf of another individual alleges 
  severe mental deficiency for claimant who is at least 7 years
  of age.  The applicant alleges that the individual attends (or
  attended) a special school, or special classes in school,
  because of this mental deficiency, or is unable to attend any
  type of school (or if beyond school age was unable to attend),
  and requires care and supervision of routine daily activities.
. Allegation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection 
. Allegation of a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) more than 3
  months in the past with continued, marked difficulty in using
  arms or legs.

If the SSA office is not able to make a presumptive disability
decision, sometimes the DDS can make one for other severe medical
conditions, if it has medical proof that would most likely make
its final decision an approval.

WHAT HAPPENS TO PRESUMPTIVE DISABILITY PAYMENTS IF SSI BENEFITS
---------------------------------------------------------------
ARE LATER DENIED? 
-----------------

You are not asked to repay, even if you are later found not to be
disabled or blind. 

EMERGENCY ADVANCE PAYMENT 
-------------------------

The SSA office can make an emergency advance check payment to new
applicants, who face a financial emergency, before any regular
payment is authorized.  Only one such advance payment can be
made.  The emergency advance cannot be higher than the SSI
benefit rate (plus any federally administered State supplement). 
See the "Understanding SSI Update" for the Federal benefit rate. 

NOTE:  If your State supplements the Federal payment, see page 5
for more information.

WHO CAN RECEIVE AN EMERGENCY ADVANCE PAYMENT?

. People who are to receive presumptive disability or blindness 
  payments; or
. Other people who are likely to meet all SSI eligibility 
  requirements; and          
. People facing a "financial emergency."  They need money right 
  away due to a threat to health or safety, such as not enough
  money for food, clothing, shelter, or medical care. 

WHAT HAPPENS TO EMERGENCY ADVANCE PAYMENT AFTER THE FORMAL SSI
--------------------------------------------------------------
DECISION IS MADE? 
-----------------

If your benefits are approved:   

. SSA will subtract the emergency advance payment from the        
  payments due you for the past months and pay you the            
  difference. 

If your benefits are denied: 

. And the emergency advance payment was for presumptive           
  disability or blindness, you will NOT be asked to repay;
. In all other cases, you WILL be asked to repay.

IMMEDIATE PAYMENT 
-----------------

Payment is made in special cases where SSA establishes
eligibility but regular payment has been delayed. If you have a
special situation, check with your local Social Security office. 

WHO CAN RECEIVE?
----------------
. Applicants AND those already receiving SSI who are fully 
  eligible, and
. Who face a financial emergency and have no other option.

WHAT IF SSA DOES NOT GRANT EXPEDITED PAYMENTS?
----------------------------------------------
The decision to grant these expedited payments is up to SSA.  

You do not have formal appeal rights if SSA decides you are not
eligible for these.

                                                           -42-
REPRESENTATIVE PAYEE              
====================

WHAT IS A REPRESENTATIVE PAYEE? 
-------------------------------

A representative payee is a person, agency, organization or
institution SSA selects to manage your benefits when you are
physically or mentally unable to do so yourself. 

Before appointing a representative payee, SSA must get and
evaluate medical or other types of evidence about your capability
to manage your SSI checks. 

WHO MUST HAVE A PAYEE?
----------------------

. Children under age 18; 
. Legally incompetent adults; 
. Recipients SSA determines to be incapable of managing benefits;
  and 
. People receiving SSI because drug addiction or alcoholism is a
  cause of their disability. 

Approximately 25 percent of SSI recipients have representative
payees. 

WHO CAN SERVE AS A REPRESENTATIVE PAYEE? 
----------------------------------------

Someone (other than a convicted felon) who is concerned with your
welfare, usually a spouse, close relative, guardian, or friend. 

The director of an institution such as a nursing home can also be
a representative payee.  

Providers at homeless shelters.

SSA uses a list of qualifications to evaluate prospective
representative payees. 

SSA needs volunteers who can serve as representative payees.  

If you or anyone you know is interested in doing so, call your
local Social Security office. 

WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A REPRESENTATIVE PAYEE? 
----------------------------------------------

Representative payees must use SSI payments for your current
basic needs--for food, clothing, and shelter. 

The representative payee must provide a simple accounting
(usually on an annual basis) to Social Security of how the money
was spent. 

The representative payee should respond on your behalf to any SSA
requests for action or information.  Common requests are the SSI
redetermination of eligibility or request for a continuing
disability review. 

The representative payee's authority is limited to matters
between you and Social Security.

The representative payee is responsible for reporting any changes
in your circumstances (e.g., income, living arrangements, return
to work, etc.) to Social Security. 

You may, at any time, request that SSA change or terminate the
payee arrangement.  Following such a request, SSA will
investigate the situation and make a determination.  The
representative payee may also terminate the arrangement.  

                                                           -43-
SSI AND ELIGIBILITY FOR OTHER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS 
=================================================

Many people who are potentially eligible do not know how
receiving SSI affects receipt of benefits from other government
programs.

MEDICAID 
--------

In some States, if you are an SSI recipient you may be
AUTOMATICALLY eligible for Medicaid benefits.  In other States,
you must apply for and establish your eligibility for Medicaid. 
In these States, SSA will direct you to the office where you can
file for Medicaid.

In many States, an SSI application is also an application for
Medicaid; you do not have to file a separate application. 

FOOD STAMPS 
-----------
The Food Stamp Program provides monthly benefits that help
low-income households to buy the food needed for good health.  If
you receive SSI, you may be eligible to receive food stamps.

If you are applying for or receive SSI, you can get food stamp
information and an application form at your local Social Security
office.    

If all members of your household have applied for and receive
SSI, and you apply for SSI, SSA will help you complete a food
stamp application.  If you already receive SSI AND food stamps,
you can complete the food stamp forms for a recertification at 
your local Social Security office.  SSI payments count in
computing food stamp benefits. 

AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN (AFDC)
----------------------------------------------

You cannot receive both SSI and AFDC. 

SSA pays SSI benefits only to the blind or disabled adult or
child, or age 65 or older member(s) of a household. 

Other members of your household can continue to get AFDC payments
even if you get SSI.  A parent can continue to get AFDC even when
his or her child gets SSI.

SSI often pays higher benefits than AFDC. 

If you get AFDC when your SSI checks begin, SSA counts the AFDC
as income.  However, once you are taken off the AFDC grant, your
SSI check should go up.  If it does not, contact your local
Social Security office. 

STATE OR LOCAL ASSISTANCE BASED ON NEED 
---------------------------------------

Some States offer State or local assistance based on need to
aged, blind, and disabled people through the State welfare
department. 

The State may require you to apply for SSI if you receive State
or local assistance based on need. 

If you are approved for SSI, your State or local public
assistance payments will usually stop.  Your State may be
entitled to collect part of your retroactive SSI check as
repayment for the money they paid you while your SSI claim was
being processed. 

SOCIAL SECURITY 
---------------

Many people receive both SSI and Social Security. 

Medicaid is linked to SSI in most States.  Medicare is linked to
Social Security.  It is possible to get both Medicare and
Medicaid.

States pay the Medicare premiums for people who receive SSI if
they are also eligible for Medicaid.

QUALIFIED MEDICARE BENEFICIARY PROGRAM (QMB)
--------------------------------------------

The QMB program helps low-income Medicare beneficiaries by paying
Medicare premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance.  The Health Care
Financing Administration runs the QMB program.

The rules for QMB vary from State to State.  Usually you may
qualify for QMB if:

. You receive Medicare;
. Your income is limited; and
. Your resources are not more than $4,000 for one person or       
  $6,000 for a couple.

Only your State can decide if you qualify for help under the QMB
program.  If you think you may qualify, contact your State or
local medical assistance (Medicaid) agency, social service
office, or welfare office.

If you apply for Social Security or SSI, your Social Security
office can help you with QMB questions.

                                                           -45-
SOCIAL SECURITY ENTITLEMENT REQUIREMENTS 
========================================

Many people who are eligible for SSI may also be entitled to
receive Social Security benefits.  The following sections provide
information on who may be entitled to Social Security checks and
how to apply. 

TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS AS A WORKER YOU MUST: 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

. Be age 62 or older, or disabled; and 
. Be "insured" by having enough work credits. 

HOW MUCH WORK DO YOU NEED TO BE "INSURED?" 
------------------------------------------

Work is measured in "Social Security credits."  You can earn up
to four credits per year based on your annual earnings.  Contact
your local Social Security office about your Social Security
entitlement.   

For Social Security disability benefits, you need 5 years work
(equal to 20 credits) in the 10 years prior to the onset of your
disability.  Those disabled before age 31 need less work to
qualify. 

WHO CAN RECEIVE BENEFITS ON THE WORKER'S RECORD? 
------------------------------------------------

Retired or disabled workers. 

Spouses who are: 

. Age 62 and over; or 
. Divorced age 62 and over and married to the worker at least 10
  years; or
. Under age 62 and caring for a disabled or blind child under age
  16.  The child must be receiving benefits on the worker's
  record.
  
Widows or widowers who are: 

. Age 60 or older; or 
. Age 50 or older and disabled; or 
. Divorced and age 60 or older (age 50 if disabled), and married  
  to the worker for at least 10 years

 Mothers and fathers who are:

. Under age 60 caring for a child under 16 (or disabled) who is 
  receiving benefits on the worker's record.

Unmarried children (including step children, adopted children
and, in some cases, grandchildren and illegitimate children) who
are:    

. Under age 18 (or between ages 18 and 19 if a full time high 
  school student) 
. Over age 18 and who became disabled before age 22; or 

Dependent parent(s), age 62 or older, of deceased workers.

HOW TO APPLY FOR SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS 
-----------------------------------------

Call Social Security to arrange for an appointment to apply.

You can apply over the telephone or in person at the Social
Security office. 

An SSA representative will help you fill out any forms that you
need based on information you give.

SSA will tell you what you need to bring. 

SSA can help you obtain any evidence you need if you cannot get
it yourself.

Often you can start getting checks in only a few weeks.

WHAT EVIDENCE WILL YOU NEED? 
----------------------------

. Proof of your age:
     . A public birth record recorded before age 5; 
     . A religious birth record recorded before age 5; or 
     . Any other documents made early in your life showing your    
       age or date of birth.
. W-2 forms for last year. 
. Proof of marriage if applying for spouse's/widow(er)'s          
  benefits.
. Birth certificates and Social Security Numbers for eligible 
  children. 
. Checkbook or savings passbook if you want to arrange for direct
  deposit. 
. Remember that you must bring or send original documents, not 
  photocopies.  SSA will return the original documents to you.

NOTE:  Do not delay applying if you do not have all the evidence
you need.  Social Security will tell you what you need and help
you get it, if you need help. 

                                                           -47-
SSI SPOTLIGHTS 
==============
The SSI Spotlights are an in-depth look at some of the program
rules referred to earlier.  They are designed as handouts to help
applicants through the process of applying for and receiving SSI
checks.  

The SSI Spotlights are intended for use by the general public. 
We encourage advocates to distribute them to their clients, and
to any other individuals or groups who can use them.  They
provide more details than our general information pamphlets. 

The information in the SSI Spotlights is general and not to be
applied to specific case situations.  You must contact Social
Security for specific case information. 

                                                           -48-
SSI SPOTLIGHT ON TRUSTS 
=======================

What is a trust? 
----------------

A trust is a legal arrangement regulated by State law in which
one party holds property for the benefit of another.  A trust can
be set up for an SSI beneficiary.

A trust can contain: 

. Cash or other liquid assets; and
. Real or personal property that could be turned into cash.  

Can a trust be set up to give an SSI beneficiary--adult or child-
-----------------------------------------------------------------
more financial independence? 
-----------------------------

Yes.  The type of trust we are discussing here--often referred to
as a discretionary trust--is one where:  

. The SSI beneficiary does not have the legal authority to        
  control how the money is spent; and
. A trustee manages the trust and decides how to spend the money  
  to meet the person's needs.

How do resources in this type of trust count in the SSI program? 
----------------------------------------------------------------

Money or property in this type of trust for an SSI beneficiary
(or person whose resources are deemed available to an SSI
beneficiary) does not count toward the SSI resource limits of
$2,000 for an individual (or $3,000 for a couple).  

NOTE:  Some trusts which are not counted as resources for SSI
purposes may affect Medicaid eligibility.  In these cases, the
State will determine Medicaid eligibility. 

How does money from the trust affect the individual's SSI
---------------------------------------------------------
payments?  
---------

Money paid directly to the providers for items other than the
person's food, clothing, and shelter does not reduce SSI
payments.  (Items that are not "food, clothing, or shelter"
include medical care, telephone bills, education, and
entertainment.) 

Money paid directly to the providers for food, clothing, or
shelter does reduce the individual's SSI payments--but only up to
a limit.

Money paid directly to the individual from the trust reduces the
SSI payment.

How can you find out more about setting up a trust? 
---------------------------------------------------

Social Security cannot tell you how to set up a trust.   

Consult a lawyer or financial advisor to find out more about
trusts. 

Your local Social Security office has a list of groups that can
find you a lawyer or give you free legal services if you qualify.

You may also contact the State or local bar association or the
Legal Services Corporation for legal assistance if you qualify.

THIS INFORMATION IS GENERAL; TO FIND OUT HOW IT APPLIES TO YOU OR
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE.

                                                           -49-
SSI SPOTLIGHT ON BURIAL FUNDS
=============================

What is a burial fund?
----------------------

A burial fund is money set aside to pay for burial expenses.

Does a burial fund count as a resource for SSI?
-----------------------------------------------

Generally, you and your spouse can set aside up to $1,500 each to
pay for burial expenses.  In most cases, this money will not
count as a resource for SSI.

But if you (and your spouse) own life insurance polices or have
other burial arrangements in addition to your $1,500 burial
funds, some of the money in the burial fund may count toward the
resource limit of $2,000 for an individual or $3,000 for a
couple.

Interest earned on your burial fund that is left in the fund does
not count as a resource for SSI.

Does interest earned on your (and your spouse's) burial fund
------------------------------------------------------------
count as income for SSI?
------------------------

No. Interest earned on your (and your spouse's) burial fund that
is left in the fund does not count as income for SSI and does not
affect your SSI payment.

How can you set up a burial fund?
---------------------------------

Any account you set up must clearly show that the money is set
aside to pay burial expenses. This can be done either by: 

. Titling the account as a burial fund; or
. Signing a statement saying how much has been set aside for      
  burial expenses, for whose burial the money is set aside, how   
  the money has been set aside, and the date you first considered 
  the money set aside for burial expenses.

What happens when money is spent from a burial fund?
----------------------------------------------------

If you spend any money from a burial fund on items unrelated to
burial expenses, there may be a penalty.

THIS INFORMATION IS GENERAL; TO FIND OUT HOW IT APPLIES TO YOU OR
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE.

                                                           -50-
SSI SPOTLIGHT ON RESOURCES
==========================

What are resources?
-------------------

Resources are things--like bank accounts, money, property,
stocks, and bonds--that you own and can turn into cash.

Why are resources important in the SSI Program?
-----------------------------------------------

To get SSI, your countable resources must not be worth more than
$2,000 for an individual, or $3,000 for a couple.  This is called
the resource limit.

Countable resources are the things you own that count toward the
resource limit.  Many things you own do not count.

What things do not count toward the resource limit?
---------------------------------------------------

The following things generally do not count toward the resource
limit--no matter how much they are worth:

. The house you live in;
. Your car, if it is equipped for use by a handicapped person, or
  if you need it for daily activities, or to go to work or get
  regular medical treatment. If a car cannot be excluded for any
  one of these reasons, then only the part of the current market
  value that is over $4,500 counts as a resource; 
. Life insurance policies you own with a face value of $1,500 or
  less per person;
. Burial plots or spaces for you or your immediate family; 
. A burial fund of up to $1,500 each for you and your spouse's
  burial expenses;
. Property you or your spouse use in a trade or business, or on
  your job if you work for someone else;
. Money or property you own that is in a trust controlled by
  someone else; and
. If you are disabled or blind--money or property you have set
  aside under a plan to become self-supporting.

There are other things you own that may not count as resources
for SSI.

And sometimes you might be able to get monthly payments even if
you own things that put you over the resource limit.

THIS INFORMATION IS GENERAL; TO FIND OUT HOW IT APPLIES TO YOU OR
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE.

                                                           -51-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON DEEMING PARENTAL INCOME AND RESOURCES
======================================================

I have a disabled child under age 18 and I am working.  Can my
--------------------------------------------------------------
child qualify for SSI?
----------------------

Possibly. We consider some of your income and resources to be
available to your child. They may affect whether your child can
get SSI and how much.

The process of determining how much of your income and resources
will be used is called "deeming."

When does deeming apply?
------------------------
When the parent(s) has income or resources OR BOTH; AND

When a child:

. Is under age 18; AND
. Lives at home with his natural or adoptive parents; OR
. Lives away at school, but comes home on some weekends or
  holidays and is subject to parental control.

Does deeming count all income and resources?
--------------------------------------------

No. Some types of income and resources are not deemed.

Examples of income that are not deemed are: AFDC; VA pension;
general assistance; foster care payments for an ineligible child;
and income used to make court-ordered support payments.

Examples of resources that are not deemed are: a home; up to
$2,000 in household goods; and money in pension funds.

And only a part of the types of income or resources we use are
deemed.

When does deeming not apply?
----------------------------

Deeming stops when a child turns age 18.  So a child who could
not receive SSI because of deeming may be able to get SSI when he
turns age 18.

Deeming does not apply in some other situations.

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -52-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON SPECIAL SSI RULES FOR CHILDREN OF MILITARY
===========================================================
PERSONNEL LIVING OVERSEAS
=========================
  
What is SSI? 
------------
 
SSI stands for Supplemental Security Income.  It is a program run
by Social Security.  It pays monthly checks to people with
limited income and resources who are age 65 or older, blind, or
disabled.  Blind or disabled children, as well as adults, can get
SSI.  Under SSI, a child is defined as being under age 18, or
under age 22 and in school or other training to prepare for a
job. 
 
Children of Military Personnel 
------------------------------
 
Most people who get SSI and leave the United States (U.S.) for 30
days or more are no longer eligible for SSI.  But there is a
special rule for the children of military personnel.  A child may
continue to get benefits while overseas if the child:  

. Is a citizen of the U.S.; and 
. Is living with a parent who is a member of the U.S. armed
  forces assigned to permanent duty ashore anywhere outside the 
  U.S.; and
. Was eligible to receive SSI benefits in the month before the    
  parent reported for duty overseas. 

How to Get More Information 
---------------------------
 
For more information, contact your local Social Security office
or call 1-800-772-1213 before you leave the U.S.  You must be
able to tell Social Security: 

. When you expect to report to your duty station overseas. 
. When you expect your child to join you. 
. Your mailing address at your new duty station. 
. Any information you have about military allowances (e.g.,       
  housing allowances, rations allowances, etc.) at your new duty  
  station.  

If you are already overseas and think your child may be eligible 
for continuation of benefits, contact the U.S. Embassy, the
nearest U.S. Consular Office, or write to: 
 
                 Social Security Administration 
                 Winchester and Vocke Roads 
                 Cumberland, Maryland 21502 
                 Attn: International Coordinator

When you contact Social Security, be sure to give us your current
address, telephone number, and your child's name and Social
Security number. 

Special Reporting Instructions for Children Receiving SSI 
---------------------------------------------------------
Overseas 
--------
 
You should report any change in income, resources, or address for
a parent or child in the household to Social Security within 10
days after the month it happens.  Also, remember to report: 
. If your child who receives SSI moves. 
. If other people move into or out of your home. 
. If you leave the armed forces and remain overseas. 

CONTACT YOUR SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -53-
SSI SPOTLIGHT ON STUDENT EARNED INCOME EXCLUSION 
================================================

What is the student earned income exclusion? 
--------------------------------------------

This provision allows a person under age 22 and regularly
attending school to exclude as income that counts against SSI up
to $400 of earnings per month (up to a maximum of $1,620 per
year). This exclusion is applied before any other exclusions. 

What does "regularly attending school" mean? 
--------------------------------------------

"Regularly attending school" means that the person takes one or
more courses of study and attends classes: 

. In a college or university for at least 8 hours a week; or
. In grades 7-12 for at least 12 hours a week; or 
. In a training course to prepare for employment for at least 12  
  hours a week (15 hours a week if the course involves shop       
  practice); or 
. For less time than indicted above for reasons beyond the        
  student's control, such as illness.

A person who is homebound because of a disability may be
"regularly attending school" by: 

. Taking a course or courses given by a school (grades 7-12),     
  college, university, or government agency; and 
. Having a home visitor or tutor who directs the study. 

EXAMPLE:

Jim is an 18-year-old SSI recipient who attends a vocational
training course at a local high school for 12 hours a week.  He
will complete the training course in June.  In January he began
working 20 hours a week at $4.50 per hour.  He is paid every
Friday.  His monthly earnings are as follows: 

January  $360      February   $360        March $450 
April    $360      May        $360        June  $450 

Using the student earned income exclusion, Jim can exclude all of
his wages in January and February, $400 in March, all of his
wages in April, and $140 in May for a total of $1,620 for the
year.  His remaining wages for the year ($50 in March and any
wages over the $1,620 limit) are still subject to the earned
income exclusion of $65 per month plus one half of the remainder. 

Are there any other rules which may help? 
-----------------------------------------

Other SSI work incentives such as plans for achieving
self-support, work expense exclusions, and continued Medicaid
coverage may also help an SSI recipient while working. 

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -54-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON CONTINUED MEDICAID ELIGIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WHO
==============================================================
WORK (SECTION 1619(b)) 
======================

What will happen to my Medicaid if I go to work?
------------------------------------------------
  
In most cases, if you are blind or disabled and you have Medicaid
before you go to work, your Medicaid will continue while you are
working as long as your disabling condition still exists. 

If my SSI stops because of the amount of my earnings, can I still
keep my Medicaid? 

In most cases, you can keep your Medicaid even if you earn too
much to receive a monthly SSI payment as long as:  

. You are still blind or have a disability; and
. You meet all the SSI eligibility requirements except for the    
  amount of your earnings; and
. You need Medicaid in order to work; and 
. Your earnings are not high enough to replace your SSI, your     
  Medicaid coverage, and any publicly-funded attendant care which 
  you receive. 

In some States you must also have Medicaid coverage in the month
before you became eligible under section 1619(b).

The amount you can earn and still receive Medicaid varies from
State to State.  Your local Social Security office can tell you
what the amount is in your State.  If your earnings are higher
than this amount but you have special work expenses or medical
expenses, you may still qualify for Medicaid. 

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -55-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON SPECIAL SSI RULE FOR BLIND PEOPLE WHO WORK 
===========================================================

What is the special rule?
-------------------------

There is a special rule to help people who work and who are
receiving SSI because of blindness.  This rule lets a blind
person exclude from income his or her earned income which is used
to pay expenses which enable the person to work.   

What are some examples of expenses which can qualify under the
--------------------------------------------------------------
rule?  
-----
Expenses which can qualify include: 

. Dog guides, including the cost of food and upkeep; 
. Transportation to and from work; 
. Licenses, fees, or taxes; 
. Attendant care services; 
. Meals eaten during work hours; 
. Medical equipment or supplies; and  
. Other work-related equipment or services. 

Example: 

Ray Barnett receives SSI because of blindness.  He works and
earns $800 per month.  He has the following work expenses: 

. His employer withholds $250 per month for Federal and State     
  income taxes and Social Security (FICA) taxes; and   
. He has to pay $100 per month for transportation to and from     
  work.

The $350 of Mr. Barnett's earnings, which he uses to pay these
work expenses, are not counted in determining the amount of his
SSI.   

Are there any other rules which may help? 
-----------------------------------------

A blind person may also use other SSI work rules such as plans
for achieving self-support and continued Medicaid coverage while
working.

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION. 

                                                           -56-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON IMPAIRMENT-RELATED WORK EXPENSES 
=================================================

Because of my disability, I would have to pay for certain items
---------------------------------------------------------------
so I could work.  How would these expenses affect my SSI? 
---------------------------------------------------------

In most cases, SSA can deduct the costs of these items from the
amount of earnings they use to figure your SSI payment.  This
means that your SSI payment will not be reduced as much because
SSA will not count all of your earnings. 

What are some examples of expenses which can be deducted?  
---------------------------------------------------------

If you work, the cost of items such as pacemakers, braces and
artificial limbs, and disposable items such as bandages, pads,
and syringes could be deducted.  SSA may also be able to deduct
the cost of attendant care services in preparing for work,
performed at work, or to get to and from work.  Certain costs
such as changes to your home or car or van, as well as costs of
medicine and doctors visits, may also be deducted. 

What if I need the item or service both on and off the job? 
-----------------------------------------------------------

Generally, it does not matter if you also need the item or
service for daily living.  For example, the cost of a wheelchair
usually can be deducted from the earnings we might count even
though the wheelchair is used for daily living as well as when
you work. 

Are there any other rules which may help? 
-----------------------------------------

A person who is disabled may also use other SSI work incentives
such as plans for achieving self-support and continued Medicaid
coverage while working. 

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -57- 
SSI SPOTLIGHT ON PLANS FOR ACHIEVING SELF-SUPPORT
=================================================

What is a plan for achieving self-support? 
------------------------------------------

This is a way in which a person with a disability or blindness
uses or sets aside income or resources to reach a work goal.  For
example, a person could set aside money for an education or a
training program or to start a business.   

Who may have a plan? 
--------------------

Any person who receives SSI because of a disability or blindness
may have a plan.  In addition, a person who does not receive SSI
because his or her income or resources are too high, may use a
plan to become eligible for SSI. 

How does a plan affect my SSI payment? 
--------------------------------------

Money that is saved under a plan will not count against your
resource limit of $2,000 (or $3,000 for a couple). 

Income that is set aside under a plan is not counted when Social
Security decides how much SSI a person receives.  This means that
a person who sets aside income under a plan will receive a higher
SSI payment than if he or she did not have a plan. 

What are the requirements for a plan? 
-------------------------------------

A plan must: 

. Be in writing and be approved by the Social Security            
  Administration; 
. Have a specific work goal which the person can probably reach; 
. Say how long it will take for the person to reach the goal      
  (usually no longer than 36 months);
. Say what income or resources will be set aside and how they     
  will be used to reach the goal; and 
. Explain how you will keep the income or resources set aside     
  separate from other money you have. 

How do I set up a plan? 
-----------------------

Anybody may help you write a plan including a counselor or a
relative.  Social Security can also help you write a plan. 

Are there any other rules which may help? 
-----------------------------------------

Other SSI work rules such as work expense exclusions, the student
earned income exclusion, and continued Medicaid coverage may help
an SSI recipient while working. 

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.  

                                                           -58-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON PROPERTY YOU NEED FOR SELF-SUPPORT
===================================================

Why are resources important for SSI?
------------------------------------

Resources are things that you own and can turn into cash.  To get
SSI, things you own that Social Security counts must be worth
$2,000 or less for an individual, or $3,000 or less for a couple.

But not all the things you own count as resources for SSI.

A recent change in the law makes it possible for more people who
have businesses to get SSI.

Does property that you need for self-support count as a resource
----------------------------------------------------------------
for SSI?
--------

Some property that you own and you use to support yourself never
counts as a resource. For example:

. Property that you own and use in a trade or business, such as a 
  gas station, farm, or beauty parlor.
. Personal property that you use for work, such as tools,         
  uniforms, or safety equipment.
. Government permits that allow you to do something to produce    
  income, such as permits for commercial fishing or to grow       
  tobacco.

Some property may count but often does not.

. Property you use to produce goods or services that you need in  
  your daily life. Examples are land or equipment that you use to 
  grow vegetables or raise livestock that you and your family     
  eat.
. Nonbusiness property that produces income. Examples are land or 
  real estate or equipment you rent to someone.

Other things that you own may not count for SSI either.

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -59-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON CONTINUED PAYMENTS FOR PERSONS WHO ARE
=======================================================
TEMPORARILY INSTITUTIONALIZED
=============================

What happens to my SSI checks if I go into a nursing home or
------------------------------------------------------------
hospital?
---------

Generally, if you enter a nursing home or hospital (or other
facility) where Medicaid pays for more than half of the cost of
your care, your SSI payment is limited to $30 a month. Some
States supplement this $30 payment.  The payment may be lowered
by any income you may have.  If you live in a public facility
where Medicaid is not paying for more than half of the cost of
your care, you may not be eligible for any SSI payment.

What if I will be in the facility for a short time?
---------------------------------------------------

A special rule applies if you will be in the facility for 90 days
or less.  If you give us certain information, you may continue to
receive your regular SSI check.

What information do I need?
---------------------------

. A doctor must state in writing that you will be in the facility 
  for 90 days or less.
. We also need a statement from you or someone knowledgeable      
  about your circumstances that you need your SSI checks to       
  maintain your home or living arrangement while you are in the   
  facility.

These statements are needed as soon as possible after you enter
the facility.  They must be submitted before you leave or by the
90th day you are there.

SSA often works with admissions offices so that the information
SSA needs is available quickly. The admissions office can help
you and your family contact SSA.

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION
AND FOR HELP IN OBTAINING THE STATEMENTS IF YOU NEED THEM.

                                                           -60-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON LIVING ARRANGEMENTS
====================================

Does where I live affect how much SSI I get?
--------------------------------------------

It can.  If you live in your own place--regardless of whether you
(or your spouse) own or rent--you may get up to the maximum SSI
amount payable in your State.  If you are a child living with
your parent(s), who either own or rent, you may get up to the
maximum amount. You also can get up to the maximum if you live in
someone else's household as long as you pay your food and shelter
costs.  If you live in someone else's household and don't pay
your food and shelter costs or pay only part of your food and
shelter costs, your SSI benefit may be reduced by up to
one-third.

Do my living expenses affect my SSI payment?
--------------------------------------------

Generally, they don't.  Your SSI payment depends on your income--
not on your expenses.  However, if someone else helps you pay
your living expenses, see below.

What if someone else helps pay my living expenses?
--------------------------------------------------

Unless you are a child living in your parent's home, any food,
clothing, or shelter you get from someone else and don't pay for
may reduce your SSI payment.

There is a limit on how much we may count.  The limit is about
one-third of the maximum Federal SSI amount payable for a month.

Items you receive that cannot be used for food, clothing, or
shelter are not considered income and, therefore, will not reduce
your SSI payment.  For example, if someone buys you a household
or personal item, such as a small kitchen appliance or a piece of
jewelry of modest value, it is not income and will not reduce
your SSI payment.

What about people in institutions?
----------------------------------

Generally, people who live in institutions such as hospitals,
nursing homes or prisons, are not eligible for SSI or are only
eligible for a maximum of $30 a month (some States supplement
this $30 payment).  But there are some exceptions.  For more
information about one of these exceptions, see the Spotlight on
Continued Payments for Persons Who Are Temporarily
Institutionalized.

What about the homeless?
------------------------

Having a permanent residence is not a requirement for receiving
SSI. If you are homeless you may receive up to the maximum SSI
amount payable in your State.  And receiving SSI may allow you to
get permanent housing.

If you live in a public shelter, you can receive SSI payments for
up to 6 months out of any  9 months that you live there.

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

                                                           -61-

SSI SPOTLIGHT ON GETTING SSI WHILE YOU TRY TO SELL EXCESS
=========================================================
RESOURCES
=========

Can I get SSI if I have excess resources?
-----------------------------------------

To get SSI, your countable resources must not be worth more than
$2,000 for an individual (or $3,000 for a couple).  Can I get SSI
if I have more than that?

Yes, You may, but you must sell some of your countable resources. 
While you try to sell them, you may be able to get SSI.

What kinds of things can I sell?
--------------------------------

You can sell the following types of things:

. Real property, such as land or a house that you don't live in;  
  or
. Personal property, such as jewelry or a stamp collection.

How does this work?
-------------------

. While you are trying to sell real property, you can receive SSI 
  payments for up to 9 months.
. While you are trying to sell personal property, you can receive 
   SSI for up to 3 months.
. And we may pay you even longer.

What do I have to do?
---------------------

. Your benefits can not begin until after you sign a "conditional 
  benefits agreement" and submit it to your Social Security       
  office.
. The agreement form is available at your local Social Security   
  office--ask for more details.

What happens after I sell my real and/or personal property?
-----------------------------------------------------------
     
. You may continue to get SSI payments.  See your local Social    
  Security office to find out if your SSI payments will continue  
  after the sale.
. You will also have to pay back any SSI payments up to the value 
  of the excess resource which you received while trying to sell  
  the property.

THIS INFORMATION IS GENERAL; TO FIND OUT IF IT APPLIES TO YOU OR
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE.

                                                             -62-

PAYMENT FOR TRAVEL TO MEDICAL EXAMS
===================================

When you apply for disability and Social Security asks you to go
----------------------------------------------------------------
to a medical exam, can Social Security pay your travel costs?
-------------------------------------------------------------

Social Security can pay your travel costs.  SSA does this through
your State Disability Determination Service (DDS).  The State DDS
makes the disability or blindness decision.

What you need to do to get travel costs paid.
---------------------------------------------

The DDS will tell you what you do after the exam so that your
travel costs can be paid. 

What if you have a special problem or need some travel money
------------------------------------------------------------
before you go to the exam?
--------------------------

Call or write the State DDS person who sent you the letter about
the medical exam.  Explain what your special problem is or why
you need money before the exam.  For example, if you do not have
a car you may need to pay someone to drive you.

How do I get the money?
-----------------------

After the exam, you will need to fill out a form showing your
travel costs.  The State DDS will pay you the money based on the
information on this form.  If you were paid before the exam and
the money did not cover your travel costs, your State DDS will
pay you the rest of the money.  If your were paid more money
before the exam than you spent, you must repay the extra money.

What to do if you need someone to help you to get to an exam.
-------------------------------------------------------------

Call or write the State DDS person who sent you the letter about
the exam.  Explain why you need someone to help you.  Your State
DDS may be able to pay someone to go with you.

CONTACT YOUR LOCAL SOCIAL SECURITY OFFICE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

 
