03650
 \\That might be fulfilled\\ (\\hina plrthi\\). The regular formula
 # 17:12
 for Scripture, here applied to the prophecy of Jesus
 # 17:12
 as in verse
 # 32
 John treats the saying of Jesus as on a par with the O.T.

03651
 \\Having a sword\\ (\\echn machairan\\). It was unlawful to carry a
 weapon on a feast-day, but Peter had become alarmed at Christ's
 words about his peril. They had two swords or knives in the
 possession of the eleven according to Luke
 # 22:38
 After the treacherous kiss of Judas (on the hand or the cheek?)
 the disciples asked: "Lord, shall we smite with the sword?"
 # Lu 22:49
 Apparently before Jesus could answer Peter with his usual
 impulsiveness jerked out (\\heilkusen\\, first aorist active
 indicative of \\helku\\ for which see
 # 6:44
 his sword and cut off the right ear of Malchus
 # Joh 18:10
 a servant of the high priest. Peter missed the man's head as he
 swerved to his left. Luke also
 # Lu 22:50
 mentions the detail of the right ear, but John alone mentions the
 man's name and Peter's. There was peril to Peter in his rash act
 as comes out later
 # Joh 18:26
 but he was dead long before John wrote his Gospel as was Lazarus
 of whom John could also safely write
 # 12:9-11
 For \\tarion\\, diminutive of \\ous\\, see
 # Mr 14:47
 (only other N.T. example), another diminutive \\tion\\ in
 # Mt 26:51
 # Mr 14:47; Lu 22:51

03652
 \\Into the sheath\\ (\\eis tn thkn\\). Old word from \\tithmi\\, to put
 for box or sheath, only here in N.T. In
 # Mt 26:52
 Christ's warning is given. \\The cup\\ (\\to potrion\\). Metaphor for
 Christ's death, used already in reply to request of James and
 John
 # Mr 10:39; Mt 20:22
 and in the agony in Gethsemane before Judas came
 # Mr 14:36; Mt 26:39; Lu 22:42
 which is not given by John. The case of \\to potrion\\ is the
 suspended nominative for note \\auto\\ (it) referring to it. \\Shall I\\
 \\not drink?\\ (\\ou m pi;\\). Second aorist active subjunctive of
 \\pin\\ with the double negative \\ou m\\ in a question expecting the
 affirmative answer. Abbott takes it as an exclamation and
 compares
 # 6:37; Mr 14:25

03653
 \\The chief captain\\ (\\ho chiliarchos\\). They actually had the Roman
 commander of the cohort along (cf.
 # Ac 21:31
 not mentioned before. \\Seized\\ (\\sunelabon\\). Second aorist active of
 \\sullamban\\, old verb to grasp together, to arrest (technical
 word) in the Synoptics in this context
 # Mr 14:48; Mt 26:55
 here alone in John. \\Bound\\ (\\edsan\\). First aorist active
 indicative of \\de\\, to bind. As a matter of course, with the hands
 behind his back, but with no warrant in law and with no charge
 against him. \\To Annas first\\ (\\pros Annan prton\\). Ex-high priest
 and father-in-law (\\pentheros\\, old word, only here in N.T.) of
 Caiaphas the actual high priest. Then Jesus was subjected to a
 preliminary and superfluous inquiry by Annas (given only by John)
 while the Sanhedrin were gathering before Caiaphas. Bernard
 curiously thinks that the night trial actually took place here
 before Annas and only the early morning ratification was before
 Caiaphas. So he calmly says that "Matthew inserts the name
 _Caiaphas_ at this point (the night trial) in which he seems to
 have been mistaken." But why "mistaken"? \\That year\\ (\\tou eniautou\\
 \\ekeinou\\). Genitive of time.

03654
03655
 \\He which gave command\\ (\\ho sumbouleusas\\). First aorist active
 articular participle of \\sumbouleu\\, old verb
 # Mt 26:4
 The reference is to
 # Joh 11:50
 \\It was expedient\\ (\\sumpherei\\). Present active indicative retained
 in indirect assertion after secondary tense (\\n\\, was). Here we
 have the second aorist active infinitive \\apothanein\\ as the
 subject of \\sumpherei\\, both good idioms in the _Koin_.

03656
 \\Followed\\ (\\kolouthei\\). Imperfect active of \\akolouthe\\, "was
 following," picturesque and vivid tense, with associative
 instrumental case \\ti Isou\\. \\Another disciple\\ (\\allos mathts\\).
 Correct text without article \\ho\\ (genuine in verse
 # 16
 Peter's companion was the Beloved Disciple, the author of the
 book
 # Joh 21:24
 \\Was known unto the high priest\\ (\\n gnstos ti archierei\\). Verbal
 adjective from \\ginsk\\, to know
 # Ac 1:19
 with dative case. How well known the word does not say, not
 necessarily a personal friend, well enough known for the portress
 to admit John. "The account of what happened to Peter might well
 seem to be told from the point of view of the servants' hall"
 (Sanday, _Criticism of the Fourth Gospel_, p. 101). \\Entered in\\
 \\with Jesus\\ (\\suneislthen ti Isou\\). Second aorist active
 indicative of the double compound \\suneiserchomai\\, old verb, in
 N.T. here and
 # 6:22
 With associative instrumental case. \\Into the court\\ (\\eis tn\\
 \\auln\\). It is not clear that this word ever means the palace
 itself instead of the courtyard (uncovered enclosure) as always
 in the papyri (very common). Clearly courtyard in
 # Mr 14:66
 # Mt 26:69; Lu 22:55
 Apparently Annas had rooms in the official residence of Caiaphas.

03657
 \\Was standing\\ (\\histkei\\). Same form in verse
 # 5
 which see. So also \\histkeisan\\ in
 # 18
 Picture of Peter standing outside by the door. \\Unto the high\\
 \\priest\\ (\\tou archieres\\). Objective genitive here, but dative in
 verse
 # 15
 \\Unto her that kept the door\\ (\\ti thurri\\). Old word (\\thura\\,
 door, \\ra\\, care), masculine in
 # 10:3
 feminine here, door-keeper (male or female).

03658
 \\The maid\\ (\\h paidisk\\). Feminine form of \\paidiskos\\, diminutive of
 \\pais\\. See
 # Mt 26:69
 When "the maid the portress" (apposition). \\Art thou also?\\ (\\m kai\\
 \\su ei;\\). Expecting the negative answer, though she really
 believed he was. \\This man's\\ (\\tou anthrpou toutou\\). Contemptuous
 use of \\houtos\\ with a gesture toward Jesus. She made it easy for
 Peter to say no.

03659
 \\A fire of coals\\ (\\anthrakian\\). Old word, in LXX, only here and
 # 21:9
 in N.T. A heap of burning coals (\\anthrax\\, coal). Cf. our
 "anthracite." It was cold (\\psuchos n\\). "There was coldness." The
 soldiers had apparently returned to their barracks. \\Were warming\\
 \\themselves\\ (\\ethermainonto\\). Direct middle imperfect indicative of
 \\thermain\\ (from \\thermos\\). So as to \\thermainomenos\\ about Peter.
 "Peter, unabashed by his lie, joined himself to the group and
 stood in the light of the fire" (Dods).

03660
 \\Asked\\ (\\rtsen\\). First aorist active indicative of \\erta\\, to
 question, usual meaning. This was Annas making a preliminary
 examination of Jesus probably to see on what terms Jesus made
 disciples whether as a mere rabbi or as Messiah.

03661
 \\Openly\\ (\\parrsii\\). As already shown
 # 7:4; 8:26; 10:24,39; 16:25,29
 See
 # 7:4
 for same contrast between \\en parrsii\\ and \\en krupti\\. \\I ever\\
 \\taught\\ (\\eg pantote edidaxa\\). Constative aorist active
 indicative. For the temple teaching see
 # Joh 2:19; 7:14,28; 8:20, 19:23; Mr 14:49
 and
 # Joh 6:59
 for the synagogue teaching (often in the Synoptics). Examples of
 private teaching are Nicodemus
 # Joh 3
 and the woman of Samaria
 # Joh 4
 Jesus ignores the sneer at his disciples, but challenges the
 inquiry about his teaching as needless.

03662
 \\Ask them that have heard me\\ (\\ertson tous akkootas\\). First
 aorist (tense of urgent and instant action) active imperative of
 \\erta\\ and the articular perfect active participle accusative
 masculine plural of \\akou\\, to hear. There were abundant witnesses
 to be had. Multitudes had heard Jesus in the great debate in the
 temple on Tuesday of this very week when the Sanhedrin were
 routed to the joy of the common people who heard Jesus gladly
 # Mr 12:37
 They still know.

03663
 \\When he had said this\\ (\\tauta autou eipontos\\). Genitive absolute
 of second aorist active participle of \\eipon\\, to say. \\Standing by\\
 (\\parestks\\). Perfect active (intransitive) participle of
 \\paristmi\\ (transitive), to place beside. One of the temple police
 who felt his importance as protector of Annas. \\Struck Jesus with\\
 \\his hand\\ (\\edken rapisma ti Isou\\). Late word \\rapisma\\ is from
 \\rapiz\\, to smite with a rod or with the palm of the hand
 # Mt 26:67
 It occurs only three times in the N.T.
 # Mr 14:65; Joh 18:22; 19:3
 in each of which it is uncertain whether the blow is with a rod
 or with the palm of the hand (probably this, a most insulting
 act). The papyri throw no real light on it. "He gave Jesus a slap
 in the face." Cf.
 # 2Co 11:20
 \\So\\ (\\houts\\). As Jesus had done in verse
 # 21
 a dignified protest in fact by Jesus.

03664
 \\If I have spoken evil\\ (\\ei kaks elalsa\\). Condition of first
 class (assumed to be true), with \\ei\\ and aorist active indicative.
 Jesus had not spoken evilly towards Annas, though he did not here
 turn the other cheek, one may note. For the sake of argument,
 Jesus puts it as if he did speak evilly. Then prove it, that is
 all. \\Bear witness of the evil\\ (\\marturson peri tou kakou\\). First
 aorist active imperative of \\marture\\, to testify. This is the
 conclusion (apodosis). Jesus is clearly entitled to proof of such
 a charge if there is any. \\But if well\\ (\\ei de kals\\). Supply the
 same verb \\elalsa\\. The same condition, but with a challenging
 question as the apodosis. \\Smitest\\ (\\dereis\\). Old verb \\der\\, to
 flay, to skin, to beat, as in
 # Mt 21:35; Lu 22:63; 2Co 11:20
 (of an insulting blow in the face as here).

03665
 \\Therefore sent him\\ (\\apesteilen oun auton\\). First aorist active of
 \\apostell\\, not past perfect (had sent). The preliminary
 examination by Annas was over. \\Bound\\ (\\dedemenon\\). Perfect passive
 participle of \\de\\, to bind. Jesus was bound on his arrest (verse
 # 12
 and apparently unbound during the preliminary examination by
 Annas.

03666
 \\Was standing and warming himself\\ (\\n hests kai thermainomenos\\).
 Two periphrastic imperfects precisely as in verse
 # 18
 vivid renewal of the picture drawn there. John alone gives the
 examination of Jesus by Annas
 # 18:19-24
 which he places between the first and the second denials by
 Peter. Each of the Four Gospels gives three denials, but it is
 not possible to make a clear parallel as probably several people
 joined in each time. This time there was an hour's interval
 # Lu 22:59
 The question and answer are almost identical with verse
 # 17
 and "put in a form which almost _suggested_ that Peter should say
 'No'" (Bernard), a favourite device of the devil in making
 temptation attractive.

03667
 \\Did not I see thee in the garden with him?\\ (\\ouk eg se eidon en\\
 \\ti kpi met' autou;\\). This staggering and sudden thrust expects
 an affirmative answer by the use of \\ouk\\, not \\m\\ as in verses
 # 17,25
 but Peter's previous denials with the knowledge that he was
 observed by a kinsman of Malchus whom he had tried to kill (verse
 # 10
 drove him to the third flat denial that he knew Jesus, this time
 with cursing and swearing
 # Mr 14:71; Mt 26:73
 Peter was in dire peril now of arrest himself for attempt to
 kill. \\Straightway\\ (\\euthes\\). As in
 # Mt 26:74
 while Luke has \\parachrma\\
 # Lu 22:60
 Mark
 # Mr 14:68,72
 speaks of two crowings as often happens when one cock crows. See
 # Mt 26:34
 for \\alektr\\ (cock). That was usually the close of the third watch
 of the night
 # Mr 13:35
 about 3 A.M. Luke
 # Lu 22:61
 notes that Jesus turned and looked on Peter probably as he passed
 from the rooms of Annas to the trial before Caiaphas and the
 Sanhedrin (the ecclesiastical court). See Mrs. Browning's
 beautiful sonnets on "The Look".

03668
03669
 \\They lead\\ (\\agousin\\). Dramatic historical present of \\ag\\, plural
 "they" for the Sanhedrists
 # Lu 23:1
 John gives no details of the trial before the Sanhedrin (only the
 fact,
 # Joh 18:24,28
 when Caiaphas presided, either the informal meeting at night
 # Mr 14:53,55-65; Mt 26:57,59-68; Lu 22:54,63-65
 or the formal ratification meeting after dawn
 # Mr 15:1; Mt 27:1; Lu 22:66-71
 but he gives much new material of the trial before Pilate
 # 18:28-38
 \\Into the palace\\ (\\eis to praitrion\\). For the history and meaning
 of this interesting Latin word, _praetorium_,
 See note on "Mt 27:27"
 See note on "Ac 23:35"
 See note on "Php 1:13"
 Here it is probably the magnificent palace in Jerusalem built by
 Herod the Great for himself and occupied by the Roman Procurator
 (governor) when in the city. There was also one in Caesarea
 # Ac 23:35
 Herod's palace in Jerusalem was on the Hill of Zion in the
 western part of the upper city. There is something to be said for
 the Castle of Antonia, north of the temple area, as the location
 of Pilate's residence in Jerusalem. \\Early\\ (\\pri\\). Technically the
 fourth watch (3 A.M. to 6 A.M.). There were two violations of
 Jewish legal procedure (holding the trial for a capital case at
 night, passing condemnation on the same day of the trial).
 Besides, the Sanhedrin no longer had the power of death. A Roman
 court could meet any time after sunrise. John
 # 19:14
 says it was "about the sixth hour" when Pilate condemned Jesus.
 \\That they might not be defiled\\ (\\hina m mianthsin\\). Purpose
 clause with \\hina m\\ and first aorist passive subjunctive of
 \\miain\\, to stain, to defile. For Jewish scruples about entering
 the house of a Gentile see
 # Ac 10:28; 11:3
 \\But might eat the passover\\ (\\alla phagsin to pascha\\). Second
 aorist active subjunctive of the defective verb \\esthi\\, to eat.
 This phrase may mean to eat the passover meal as in
 # Mt 27:17
 # Mr 14:12,14; Lu 22:11,15
 but it does not have to mean that. In
 # 2Ch 30:22
 we read: "And they did eat the festival seven days" when the
 paschal festival is meant, not the paschal lamb or the paschal
 supper. There are eight other examples of \\pascha\\ in John's Gospel
 and in all of them the feast is meant, not the supper. If we
 follow John's use of the word, it is the feast here, not the meal
 of
 # Joh 13:2
 which was the regular passover meal. This interpretation keeps
 John in harmony with the Synoptics.

03670
 \\Went out\\ (\\exlthen ex\\). Note both \\ex\\ and \\ex\\ (went out
 outside), since the Sanhedrin would not come into Pilate's
 palace. Apparently on a gallery over the pavement in front of the
 palace
 # Joh 19:13
 \\Accusation\\ (\\katgorian\\). Old word for formal charge, in N.T. only
 here,
 # 1Ti 5:19; Tit 1:6
 \\Against this man\\ (\\tou anthrpou toutou\\). Objective genitive after
 \\katgorian\\. A proper legal inquiry.

03671
 \\If this man were not an evil-doer\\ (\\ei m n houtos kakon poin\\).
 Condition (negative) of second class (periphrastic imperfect
 indicative), assumed to be untrue, with the usual apodosis (\\an\\
 and aorist indicative, first aorist plural with \\k\\). This is a
 pious pose of infallibility not in the Synoptics. They then
 proceeded to make the charges
 # Lu 23:2
 as indeed John implies
 # 18:31,33
 Some MSS. here read \\kakopoios\\ (malefactor) as in
 # 1Pe 2:12,14
 with which compare Luke's \\kakourgos\\
 # 23:32
 so also
 # 2Ti 2:9
 both meaning evil-doer. Here the periphrastic present participle
 \\poin\\ with \\kakon\\ emphasizes the idea that Jesus was a habitual
 evil-doer (Abbott). It was an insolent reply to Pilate (Bernard).

03672
 \\Yourselves\\ (\\humeis\\). Emphatic. Pilate shrewdly turns the case
 over to the Sanhedrin in reply to their insolence, who have said
 nothing whatever about their previous trial and condemnation of
 Jesus. He drew out at once the admission that they wanted the
 death of Jesus, not a fair trial for him, but Pilate's approval
 of their purpose to kill him
 # Joh 7:1,25

03673
 \\By what manner of death\\ (\\poii thanati\\). Instrumental case of
 the qualitative interrogative \\poios\\ in an indirect question, the
 very idiom used in
 # Joh 12:32
 concerning the Cross and here treated as prophecy (Scripture)
 with \\hina plrthi\\ like the saying of Jesus in verse
 # 9
 which see.

03674
 \\Again\\ (\\palin\\). Back into the palace where Pilate was before.
 \\Called\\ (\\ephnsen\\). First aorist active indicative of \\phne\\.
 Jesus was already inside the court (verse
 # 28
 Pilate now summoned him to his presence since he saw that he had
 to handle the case. The charge that Jesus claimed to be a king
 compelled him to do so
 # Lu 23:2
 \\Art thou the King of the Jews?\\ (\\su ei ho basileus tn Ioudain;\\).
 This was the vital problem and each of the Gospels has the
 question
 # Mr 15:2; Mt 27:1; Lu 23:3; Joh 18:33
 though Luke alone
 # 23:2
 gives the specific accusation. \\Thou\\ (\\su\\). Emphatic. Jesus did
 claim to be the spiritual king of Israel as Nathanael said
 # Joh 1:49
 and as the ecstatic crowd hailed him on the Triumphal Entry
 # Joh 12:13
 but the Sanhedrin wish Pilate to understand this in a civil sense
 as a rival of Caesar as some of the Jews wanted Jesus to be
 # Joh 6:15
 and as the Pharisees expected the Messiah to be.

03675
 \\Of thyself\\ (\\apo seautou\\). Whether a sincere inquiry on Pilate's
 part or a trap from the Sanhedrin.

03676
 \\Am I a Jew?\\ (\\mti eg Ioudaios eimi;\\). Proud and fine scorn on
 Pilate's part at the idea that he had a personal interest in the
 question. Vehement negation implied. Cf.
 # 4:29
 for \\mti\\ in a question. The gulf between Jew and Gentile yawns
 wide here. \\Nation\\ (\\ethnos\\ as in
 # 11:48-52
 rather than \\laos\\, while both in
 # 11:50
 For \\paredkan\\ see verse
 # 30
 \\What hast thou done?\\ (\\ti epoisas;\\). First aorist active
 indicative of \\poie\\. Blunt and curt question. "What didst thou
 do?" "What is thy real crime?" John's picture of this private
 interview between Pilate and Jesus is told with graphic power.

03677
 \\My kingdom\\ (\\h basileia h em\\). Christ claims to be king to
 Pilate, but of a peculiar kingdom. For "world" (\\kosmou\\) see
 # 17:13-18
 \\My servants\\ (\\hoi hupretai hoi emoi\\). For the word see verse
 # 3
 where it means the temple police or guards (literally,
 under-rowers). In the LXX always
 # Pr 14:35; Isa 32:5; Da 3:46
 officers of a king as here. Christ then had only a small band of
 despised followers who could not fight against Caesar. Was he
 alluding also to legions of angels on his side?
 # Mt 26:56
 \\Would fight\\ (\\gnizonto an\\). Imperfect middle of \\agnizomai\\
 common verb (only here in John, but see
 # 1Co 9:25
 from \\agn\\ (contest) with \\an\\, a conclusion of the second-class
 condition (assumed as untrue). Christians should never forget the
 profound truth stated here by Jesus. \\That I should not be\\
 \\delivered\\ (\\hina m paradoth\\). Negative final clause with \\hina\\
 \\m\\ and first aorist passive subjunctive of \\paradidmi\\ (see verses
 # 28,36
 Jesus expects Pilate to surrender to the Jews. \\But now\\ (\\nun de\\).
 In contrast to the condition already stated as in
 # 8:40; 9:41; 15:22,24

03678
 \\Art thou a king then?\\ (\\oukoun basileus ei su;\\). Compound of \\ouk\\
 and \\oun\\ and is clearly ironical expecting an affirmative answer,
 only here in the N.T., and in LXX only in A text in
 # 2Ki 5:23
 \\Thou sayest that\\ (\\su legeis hoti\\). In
 # Mt 27:11; Mr 15:2; Lu 23:3
 \\su legeis\\ clearly means "yes," as \\su eipas\\ (thou saidst) does in
 # Mt 26:64
 (= "I am," \\eg eimi\\, in
 # Mr 41:62
 Hence here \\hoti\\ had best be taken to mean "because": "Yes,
 because I am a king." \\Have I been born\\ (\\eg gegennmai\\). Perfect
 passive indicative of \\genna\\. The Incarnation was for this
 purpose. Note repetition of \\eis touto\\ (for this purpose),
 explained by \\hina marturs ti altheii\\ (that I may bear
 witness to the truth), \\hina\\ with first aorist active subjunctive
 of \\marture\\. Paul
 # 1Ti 6:13
 alludes to this good confession when Christ bore witness
 (\\martursantos\\) before Pilate. Jesus bore such witness always
 # Joh 3:11,32; 7:7; 8:14; Re 1:5

03679
 \\What is truth?\\ (\\ti estin altheia;\\). This famous sneer of Pilate
 reveals his own ignorance of truth, as he stood before Incarnate
 Truth
 # Joh 14:6
 _Quid est veritas?_ The answer in Latin is _Vir est qui adest_ as
 has been succinctly said by the use of the same letters. Pilate
 turned with indifference from his own great question and rendered
 his verdict: "I find no crime in him" (\\eg oudemian heurisk en\\
 \\auti aitian\\). For this use of \\aitia\\ see
 # Mt 27:37; Mr 15:26
 Pilate therefore should have set Jesus free at once.

03680
 \\A custom\\ (\\suntheia\\). Old word for intimacy, intercourse, from
 \\sunths\\ (\\sun, thos\\), in N.T. only here,
 # 1Co 8:7; 11:16
 This custom, alluded to in
 # Mr 15:6; Mt 27:15
 is termed necessity (\\anagk\\) in
 # Lu 23:17
 (late MSS., not in older MSS.). All the Gospels use the verb
 \\apolu\\ (release, set free). Then \\hina apolus\\ is a subject clause
 (\\hina\\ and first aorist active subjunctive) in apposition with
 \\suntheia\\. \\Will ye therefore that I release?\\ (\\boulesthe oun\\
 \\apolus;\\). Without the usual \\hina\\ before \\apolus\\, asyndeton, as
 in
 # Mr 10:36
 to be explained either as parataxis or two questions (Robertson,
 _Grammar_, p. 430) or as mere omission of \\hina\\ (_ibid_., p. 994).
 There is contempt and irony in Pilate's use of the phrase "the
 king of the Jews."

03681
 \\Cried out\\ (\\ekraugasan\\). First aorist active of \\kraugaz\\, old and
 rare verb from \\kraug\\, outcry
 # Mt 25:6
 as in
 # Mt 12:19
 \\Not this man\\ (\\m touton\\). Contemptuous use of \\houtos\\. The priests
 put the crowd up to this choice
 # Mr 15:11
 and Pilate offered the alternative
 # Mt 27:17
 one MS. actually gives Jesus as the name of Barabbas also). The
 name \\Barabbas\\ in Aramaic simply means son of a father. \\A robber\\
 (\\lists\\). Old word from \\lizomai\\, to plunder, and so a brigand
 and possibly the leader of the band to which the two robbers
 belonged who were crucified with Jesus. Luke terms him an
 insurgent and murderer
 # Lu 23:19,25
 They chose Barabbas in preference to Jesus and apparently Jesus
 died on the very cross planned for Barabbas.

03682
 \\Took and scourged\\ (\\elaben kai emastigsen\\). First aorist active
 indicative of \\lamban\\ and \\mastigo\\ (from \\mastix\\, whip). For
 this redundant use of \\lamban\\ see also verse
 # 6
 It is the causative use of \\mastigo\\, for Pilate did not actually
 scourge Jesus. He simply ordered it done, perhaps to see if the
 mob would be satisfied with this penalty on the alleged pretender
 to royalty
 # Lu 23:22
 whom Pilate had pronounced innocent
 # Joh 18:38
 an illegal act therefore. It was a preliminary to crucifixion,
 but Jesus was not yet condemned. The Sanhedrin had previously
 mocked Jesus
 # Mr 14:65; Mt 26:67; Lu 22:63
 as the soldiers will do later
 # Mr 15:16-19; Mt 27:27-30
 This later mock coronation (Mark and Matthew) was after the
 condemnation. \\Plaited a crown of thorns\\ (\\plexantes stephanon ex\\
 \\akanthn\\). Old verb \\plek\\, to weave, in the N.T. only here,
 # Mr 15:17; Mt 27:19
 Not impossible for the mock coronation to be repeated. \\Arrayed\\
 \\him\\ (\\periebalon auton\\). "Placed around him" (second aorist active
 indicative of \\periball\\). \\In a purple garment\\ (\\himation\\
 \\porphuroun\\). Old adjective \\porphureos\\ from \\porphura\\, purple cloth
 # Mr 15:17,20
 dyed in purple, in the N.T. only here and
 # Re 18:16
 Jesus had been stripped of his outer garment \\himation\\
 # Mt 27:28
 and the scarlet cloak of one of the soldiers may have been put on
 him
 # Mt 27:28

03683
03684
 \\They came\\ (\\rchonto\\). Imperfect middle of repeated action, "they
 kept coming and saying" (\\elegon\\) in derision and mock reverence
 with \\Ave\\ 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