                     AIDS Daily Summary 
                      April 23, 1996
     
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National AIDS 
Clearinghouse makes available the following information as a public 
service only. Providing this information does not constitute 
endorsement by the CDC, the CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse, or any 
other organization. Reproduction of this text is encouraged; however, 
copies may not be sold, and the CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse should 
be cited as the source of this information. Copyright 1996, 
Information, Inc., Bethesda, MD
     
     
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"Court Upholds Laws Requiring AIDS Tests in Sex-Assault Cases" 
"What's News--World Wide:Blood Safety"
"Doctor Reunited With the Child She Saved" 
"Quake Expert, AIDS Researcher Are Honored" 
"800 Houstonians Sweat for AIDS Research Funds"
"The Truth Is: Many Won't Give for AIDS Research" 
"Maternal Antibodies not Protective Against HIV-1 Fetal 
Transmission"
"Zimbabwe--Health: AIDS Discrimination in Health System" 
"Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection With 
Saquinavir, Zidovudine, and Zalcitabine"
"New TB Cases Drop in Most--But Not All--States" 
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"Court Upholds Laws Requiring AIDS Tests in Sex-Assault Cases" 
New York Times (04/23/96) P. B5;  Stout, David
     A New Jersey court of appeals has upheld two state statutes 
requiring defendants in sexual-assault cases to be screened for 
HIV if the victim wants the test performed.  The court overturned 
a lower court's ruling in the case of three juveniles who 
assaulted a 10-year-old girl.  The lower court ruled that the 
juveniles did not have to take a HIV test on the grounds that the 
tests would violate the defendants' Constitutional protection 
from unreasonable search and seizure.  The appellate court 
observed that "the physical intrusion of a needle to obtain a 
blood sample is slight."  Moreover, the court said, the tests do 
not put the defendants at risk, the results are confidential, and 
the defendants "have a reduced expectation of privacy" because 
they pleaded guilty.  The decision is expected to be appealed to 
the New Jersey Supreme Court, according to the New Jersey branch 
of the American Civil Liberties Union.  New York Gov. George 
Pataki has sought passage of a law to require similar testing of 
defendants in a variety of crimes.
     
"What's News--World Wide: Blood Safety" 
Wall Street Journal (04/23/96) P. A1
     The Food and Drug Administration said it has reached an
agreement with Blood Systems, one of the largest blood banks in the 
nation, to improve blood safety.  CBS Television reported that a 
federal investigation of the company found hundreds of violations, 
including allowing HIV-infected individuals to donate blood.
     
"Doctor Reunited With the Child She Saved"
Philadelphia Inquirer (04/23/96) P. B1;  Collins, Huntly
     When Susan E. Hall, a doctor at Lackland Air Force Base in San
Antonio, Texas, discovered that the cause of her five-month-old 
patient's mysterious illness was HIV, she worried that despite 
her initial successful treatment, the girl would not survive more 
than a few years.  Stephanie was infected by her mother, now 
deceased, who did not know she was infected until her daughter 
was diagnosed.  That was 10 years ago, but on Monday, Hall met 
with Stephanie Ray, who was in York, Pa., speaking with other 
HIV-positive children at a school assembly as part of a national 
tour to promote AIDS awareness.  When Stephanie was found to have 
HIV, infected infants were not expected to live more than about 
five years.  Now the life expectancy for HIV-infected children is 
8 years to 10 years, or longer.
     
"Quake Expert, AIDS Researcher Are Honored" 
Baltimore Sun (04/23/96) P. 4B
     A Silver Spring, Md., AIDS researcher and a Gaithersburg, Md., 
expert on earthquake engineering have been chosen as Maryland's 
Outstanding Young Scientist and Outstanding Young Engineer for 
1996.  Robert A. Craigie, 40, a visiting scientist at the 
National Institutes of Health, was recognized for his work 
revealing how retroviruses like HIV integrate themselves into the 
chromosomes of infected cells, research that is expected to open 
avenues for the development of new anti-viral drugs.  Techniques 
Craigie developed have led to assay systems used by scientists 
around the world to study viral integration.  Both scientists, 
who were honored at the "Celebrate Science!" event Monday, 
received a $2,500 cash award.
     
"800 Houstonians Sweat for AIDS Research Funds" 
Houston Chronicle (04/22/96) P. 13A;  Milling, T.J.
     About 800 Houston residents helped raise money for AIDS
research by participating in the Workout for Hope on Sunday.  The 
event, held in more than 70 cities nationwide, is expected to raise 
more than $1 million for the City of Hope National Medical Center 
and the Beckman Research Institute.  The Houston Workout raised 
$92,000 last year, more than any other city.  The Workout for 
Hope was launched eight years ago in Los Angeles.
     
"The Truth Is: Many Won't Give for AIDS Research" 
Richmond Times-Dispatch (04/22/96) P. A6;  Rice, D.W.
     In a letter to the editor of the Richmond Times-Dispatch, D.W.
Rice, a hemophiliac who was infected with HIV through 
contaminated blood products, takes issue with the paper's 
publication of two editorials that he claims implied that people 
with HIV are infected because they deserve it and that money is 
wasted on AIDS research.  Rice notes that while the private 
sector and the public are willing to support research for other 
diseases, many do not fund AIDS research because of the unfair 
stigma furthered by such articles.
     
"Maternal Antibodies Not Protective Against HIV-1 Fetal 
Transmission"
Reuters (04/22/96)
     Yale University researchers report in the Pediatric Infectious
Diseases Journal that using vaccines or immunoglobulin to increase 
certain types of antibodies in mothers who are already infected 
with HIV-1 may not significantly alter mother-to-infant HIV 
transmission.  Warren A. Andiman and colleagues measured the 
amount of two types of functional antibodies in 22 HIV-1-positive 
women at or near the time of delivery and compared these 
measurements with HIV infection in the children.  Less than 50 
percent of the women transmitted the virus to their infants.  The 
researchers say they found no significant difference in the 
prevalence or level of the antibodies in the mothers who did 
transmit the virus compared to those who did not.
     
"Zimbabwe--Health: AIDS Discrimination in Health System" 
IPS News Service (04/23/96)
     Auxillia Chimuso, recently released from a hospital in
Zimbabwe, claims she was discriminated against because she has HIV. 
As Zimbabwe's government cuts back health care spending and the 
number of AIDS cases increases, the standard of care has 
suffered.  AIDS patients are often seen as undeserving and 
receive poor treatment as a result.  A public official said the 
allegations are unfounded, however, adding that sick patients are 
admitted and treated as necessary.  But Lyn Francis, a counselor 
for People Living With AIDS, says the government has ignored 
calls for health personnel to be more sensitive to AIDS patients. 
She advocates community-based programs to treat AIDS, since 
neither the hospitals or the families can care for patients 
effectively.
     
"Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection With 
Saquinavir, Zidovudine, and Zalcitabine"
New England Journal of Medicine (04/18/96) Vol. 334, No. 16, P. 
1011;  Collier, Ann C.;  Coombs, Robert W.;  Schoenfeld, David 
A.; et al.
     Dr. Ann Collier, of the University of Washington School of 
Medicine, and colleagues tested the three-drug combination of 
saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine against the combinations 
of zidovudine and saquinavir and zidovudine with zalcitabine.  The 
study enrolled more than 300 patients and lasted for at least 24 
weeks.  In all three treatment groups, CD4 cell counts rose at 
first and then fell gradually.  Moreover, significantly greater 
reductions in HIV were seen with the three-drug combination than 
with the other combinations.  There was no difference in toxic 
effects among the three groups.  The authors suggest that further 
research is needed to determine the impact of the three-drug 
treatment on morbidity and mortality.
     
"New TB Cases Drop in Most--But Not All--States" 
American Medical News (04/15/96) Vol. 39, No. 15, P. 15
     New cases of tuberculosis (TB) decreased 6.4 percent in the 
United States last year, the third year of decline after an 
eight-year increase, the Centers for Disease Control and 
Prevention (CDC) reported.  Twenty states saw no change in the 
number of cases.  In New Mexico, however, the rate of new cases 
increased 4 percent among the general population, and jumped 67 
percent among American Indians.  Among the states with the 
largest increases were: Arizona, up 28 percent; Minnesota, 11 
percent; Iowa, Louisiana, and Pennsylvania, all up 9 percent; and 
Wisconsin, which saw a 7 percent rise.  TB among Americans 
increased 20 percent between 1985 and 1992, at which point the 
government declared the disease a public health emergency.  Last 
year, it spent $145 million to screen its citizens and to make 
sure those with TB took the six months of treatment needed to 
cure them.  According to the World Health Organization, TB 
remains the world's leading infectious killer.  Moreover, the CDC 
has warned that, despite declining infection rates in the United 
States, Americans are not safe from the disease.  The agency has 
urged states and Congress to keep up efforts to combat TB.
     
     
