                     AIDS Daily Summary 
                       June 26, 1996
     
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National 
AIDS Clearinghouse makes available the following information as a 
public service only. Providing this information does not 
constitute endorsement by the CDC, the CDC National AIDS 
Clearinghouse, or any other organization. Reproduction of this 
text is encouraged; however, copies may not be sold, and the CDC 
National AIDS Clearinghouse should be cited as the source of this 
information. Copyright 1996, Information, Inc., Bethesda, MD
     
     
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"Physician Calls for AIDS Test"
"In Surprising Study, TB Is Found to Be Rampant in South Africa" 
"Media a Factor in Teen Sex, Poll Says"
"Don't Shackle Scientists"
"The Art of Packaging Safe Sex"
"HIV Transfusion Risk 2 Per Million"
"Chinese Herbal AIDS Drug Performs Well in Tests" 
"Presidential Proclamation of CDC Day"
"HIV-1 Entry Into CD4 Cells Is Mediated by the Chemokine Receptor 
CC-CKR-5"
"Cycle of Success"
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"Physician Calls for AIDS Test"
Washington Post (06/26/96) P. B6; Knight, Athelia
     The doctor in charge of boxing for this summer's Olympic
Games said Tuesday that Olympic boxers should be tested for HIV, 
even though AIDS experts say the risk of an athlete contracting 
HIV in the ring is very small.  Dr. Robert Voy, the physician who 
will head the team of doctors at the Olympics, said that even 
though no one has ever contracted HIV by boxing an infected 
opponent, "the first one that happens is a death sentence." 
However, Jerry Dusenberry, president of USA Boxing, said that HIV 
testing for any Olympic athlete is unlikely because the 1978 
amateur sports act prohibits discrimination.  The Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention reported in 1995 that only one 
example of HIV infection thought to be related to sports had been 
documented.  The infection was found in a recreational soccer 
player in Italy, but public health officials were not sure how the 
man, who worked in a drug rehabilitation facility, contracted the 
virus.
     
"In Surprising Study, TB Is Found to Be Rampant in South Africa" 
New York Times (06/26/96) P. A8; McNeil, Donald G. Jr.
     South Africa has the highest rate of tuberculosis (TB) in
the world, the World Health Organization reported Tuesday.  A new 
study, one that surprised even the doctors doing it, estimated the 
rate of TB in South Africa at 311 cases per 100,000 persons.  The 
highest estimate for any other country has been 250 cases per 
100,000.  South Africa has seen an increase in the rate of HIV 
infection, which speeds the course of TB, and a rise in 
drug-resistant strains of the disease.  While TB cases are rising 
in many parts of the world, the new, more accurate estimates in 
South Africa are surprising because they show a more widespread 
problem than previous thought.  Directly observed therapy, used to 
treat TB patients elsewhere, has not been implemented in South 
Africa, and has thus led to the spread of drug-resistance.  The 
rise in HIV cases has also contributed to the TB problem, as well 
as the fact that some South Africans with the disease avoid 
doctors because they fear losing their jobs.
     
"Media a Factor in Teen Sex, Poll Says" 
Washington Times (06/26/96) P. A3
     One-third of people aged 12 to 18 say the media influence
some teens' decision to have sex, and more than half say they 
learn about birth control from television or movies.  The Henry 
J. Kaiser Family Foundation's survey found that among sexually 
active youths, 47 percent said they wanted to know more about 
preventing HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).  More 
than 33 percent of the girls reported that fashion magazines were 
a key source of sex, birth control, and STD information.  Less 
than a third said they have had sex and 4 percent said they had 
at least one child.
     
"Don't Shackle Scientists"
USA Today (06/26/96) P. 14A; Eckberg, Dwain L.
     In a letter to the editor of USA Today, Dr. Daniel L.
Eckberg, of Richmond, Va., responds to a letter in which Steven 
I. Simmons, an AIDS patient, argued that animal research is not 
needed to find a cure for AIDS.  Eckberg notes that while he does 
not advocate inhumane animal research, Simmons' fellow activists 
at People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals want to stop all 
animal research, which would put animal health before human 
health.  He points out that polio would not have been cured 
without animal research, concluding that not allowing such 
research will restrict scientific progress toward curing AIDS.
     
"The Art of Packaging Safe Sex"
Los Angeles Times--Washington Edition (06/26/96) P. B8; Warrick, 
Pamela
     Public Art Works, a Marin, Calif.-based nonprofit group that
commissions socially conscious art for public uses, sponsored a 
statewide contest for teenagers to design condom packages.  The 
goal of the contest was to destigmatize condoms by having them 
packaged in attractive, artful covers.  Winners of the 
Prophylactic Artifice contest were rewarded with $100 and the 
exposure brought by having their work mass produced and 
distributed.  While some critics said the contest trivialized the 
issue of teenage sex, contest sponsors said it "stimulated a 
healthy awareness of the need for safe sex."
     
"HIV Transfusion Risk 2 Per Million"
United Press International (06/26/96); Klinger, Karen
     The risk of contracting HIV through a blood transfusion in
the United States is about two cases per 1 million units 
transfused, scientists report today in the New England Journal of 
Medicine.  One study estimated the transfusion-linked risk for 
hepatitis B infection was eight times greater than that for HIV, 
while another found that the risk of contracting hepatitis C 
through a transfusion was five times greater than that for HIV. 
George Schreiber of Westat, in Rockville, Md., said the results 
show that the American blood supply is "safer than it ever has 
been and it will get safer" with new tests being developed. 
Cathy Conry-Cantilena of the National Institutes of Health reports 
that behaviors among donors that impacted risk for contracting 
hepatitis C via transfusion included nasal inhalation of cocaine, 
prior receipt of a blood transfusion, sexual promiscuity, ear 
piercing in men, and intravenous drug use.
     
"Chinese Herbal AIDS Drug Performs Well in Tests" 
Reuters (06/25/96) 
     An experimental Chinese herbal AIDS drug may have cleared
one patient of HIV, cured paralysis in another, and made some 
patients well enough to return home, doctors reported Tuesday.  
The drug, called Saidefu, has only been tested in a small 
clinical trial for three months.  It is made by Lianoning 
Seadebride Medicine.
     
"Presidential Proclamation of CDC Day"
U.S. Newswire (06/24/96); Clinton, William J.
     In recognition of the Centers for Disease Control and 
Prevention's 50 years of service, President Clinton declared July 
1, 1996 as CDC Day.  He asked the American people to "recognize 
the need for preventive health measures, and to strive throughout 
the year to realize the CDC's vision: Healthy people in a healthy 
world--through prevention."  The CDC grew from a small 
organization whose goal was to fight the spread of malaria among 
U.S. troops during World War II.  The agency has been 
instrumental in combating breast and cervical cancer, lead 
poisoning, tuberculosis, AIDS, and emerging infectious diseases.
     
"HIV-1 Entry Into CD4 Cells Is Mediated by the Chemokine Receptor 
CC-CKR-5"
Nature (06/20/96) Vol. 381, No. 6584, P. 667; Dragic, Tatjana; 
Litwin, Virginia; Allaway, Graham P.; et al.
     Replication of non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) HIV-1 in CD4
T-cells is inhibited by the beta-chemokines macrophage 
inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1 alpha), MIP-1 beta, and 
regulated-upon-activation normal T expressed and secreted 
(RANTES), but T-cell-line-adapted (TCLA) or syncytium-inducing 
(SI) primary strains do not respond to these beta-chemokines.  
Some people exposed to HIV-1 are able to resist infection with 
NSI strains, but can be infected by TCLA and SI strains.  These 
individuals' lymphocytes secrete high concentrations of 
beta-chemokines.  John P. Moore and researchers at the Aaron 
Diamond AIDS Research Center established that MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 
beta, and RANTES inhibit HIV-1 infection by interfering with the 
fusion reaction between the virus and the cell subsequent to CD4 
binding.  They also demonstrated that the beta-chemokine receptor 
CC-CKR-5 can serve as a second receptor for entry of some primary 
NSI strains of HIV-1, and that, when coexpressed with CD4, it 
allows membrane fusion.  Overexpression of CC-CKR-5 inhibits 
membrane fusion and HIV-1 infection, and is a potential 
competitive mechanism of inhibition.  Downregulating the receptor 
could also inhibit CC-CKR-5 mediated fusion by beta-chemokines.
     
"Cycle of Success"
Advertising Age (06/10/96) Vol. 67, No. 24, P. 40; Fitzgerald, 
Kate
     Tanqueray is receiving widespread exposure this summer as
the sole sponsor of the Tanqueray American AIDS Rides, five 
long-distance rides expected to raise $25 million for AIDS 
organizations.  With a total of more than 12,000 riders, the 
events are covered in live television news updates and in local 
and national newspapers.  Tanqueray was the only company that 
responded when 200 executives were asked to sponsor the event in 
1993.  The fundraiser started with a California ride, and 
expanded last year to include a Boston-to-New York ride.  This 
year rides started from Orlando, San Francisco, Philadelphia, 
Minneapolis, and Boston.  Tanqueray spent approximately $4 
million on this year's promotions, including in-theater ads, 
print ads, and an Internet Web site.
     
     
