       Document 0177
 DOCN  M9650177
 TI    Sequential production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to live
       bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
 DT    9605
 AU    Sander B; Skansen-Saphir U; Damm O; Hakansson L; Andersson J; Andersson
       U; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University; of
       Linkoping, Sweden.
 SO    Immunology. 1995 Dec;86(4):512-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96165025
 AB    Causes of individual variation in susceptibility to mycobacterial
       diseases are only partly understood. An efficient cell-mediated immune
       response is crucial for resistance. Macrophages and T cells interact to
       eliminate the mycobacteria, partially through the effects of secreted
       cytokines. A vigorous anti-bacterial inflammatory response is sometimes
       accompanied by severe tissue damage, while immunosuppression leads to
       progressive infection. Here, live, attenuated Mycobacterium bovis,
       bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), was used as a model antigen to study
       cytokine production at the single-cell level in response to
       mycobacteria. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy
       individuals were challenged in vitro and the kinetics and frequencies of
       cytokine-producing cells were studied by immunofluorescent visualization
       of intracellular cytokines. Fourteen cytokines were assayed;
       interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist
       (IL-1ra), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma
       (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta and
       granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A sequential
       production of T helper-1 (Th1) and T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines was
       induced by BCG. Early, at days 1-2 after stimulation, the response was
       dominated by monokines and a low IFN-gamma and TNF-beta production. At
       days 4-5 there was a marked production of Th1 lymphokines, with
       approximately 6% IFN-gamma+ cells, 4% TNF-beta+ cells and 2% IL-2+
       cells. Late in the reaction, at days 10-12, a Th2 response with IL-4,
       IL-5 and IL-10 was detected, while the synthesis of Th1 lymphokines and
       monokines declined. Overall, our results provide further evidence of
       IFN-gamma as the major cytokine induced by mycobacteria in healthy
       individuals, but also suggest that Th2 cytokines participate in the
       response.
 DE    Adult  Antigens, Bacterial/*IMMUNOLOGY  Cell Culture
       Cytokines/*BIOSYNTHESIS  Down-Regulation (Physiology)  Fluorescent
       Antibody Technique  Human  Interleukins/BIOSYNTHESIS  Kinetics
       Mycobacterium bovis/*IMMUNOLOGY  Sialoglycoproteins/BIOSYNTHESIS
       Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Th1 Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY  Th2 Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY
       Tumor Necrosis Factor/BIOSYNTHESIS  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

