       Document 0294
 DOCN  M9550294
 TI    Cigarette smoking and drinking of alcohol are not associated with rapid
       progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among homosexual men
       in Norway.
 DT    9505
 AU    Eskild A; Petersen G; Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of
       Public Health,; Oslo, Norway.
 SO    Scand J Soc Med. 1994 Sep;22(3):209-12. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95149074
 AB    In order to study the influence of cigarette smoking and drinking of
       alcohol on the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),
       eighty HIV infected homosexual men were included in a prospective study
       from the date of diagnosed HIV seropositivity. Two men were lost to
       follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 62 months. By the end of the
       follow-up period 26 out of 78 subjects (33%) were diagnosed with AIDS.
       When controlling for age, year of HIV diagnosis, number of male lifetime
       partners and frequency of receptive anal intercourse, the adjusted
       relative risk of being diagnosed with AIDS for the group smoking 1-20
       cigarettes daily was 0.4 (0.2-1.2, 95% confidence interval) and 1.1
       (0.4-2.7, 95% confidence interval) for the group smoking more than 20
       cigarettes daily, as opposed to the non-smoking group. The adjusted
       relative risk of progression to AIDS for daily alcohol drinkers as
       opposed to less frequent drinkers was 0.8 (0.3-2.2, 95% confidence
       interval). The adjusted relative risks of receptive anal intercourse
       often or usually and more than 500 lifetime male partners were 2.2 and
       2.0, respectively. These estimates, however, were not significantly
       above 1.0. The lack of positive association between cigarette smoking,
       drinking of alcohol and progression to AIDS found in this study as well
       as in other studies, may have implication for the understanding of the
       pathogenesis of the HIV disease and for counselling HIV infected
       subjects.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*ETIOLOGY  Adult  Age Factors
       Alcohol Drinking/*ADVERSE EFFECTS  Comparative Study  *Homosexuality
       Human  HIV Seropositivity/*COMPLICATIONS  Male  Norway  Risk Factors
       Sexual Partners  Smoking/*ADVERSE EFFECTS  Time Factors  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

