This file was created with 10 point/12cpi, non-proportional type, e.g.
Courier/Monaco. There are 1" borders on all sides, if it helps with your
setup for readability. Some areas are tabbed and are indicated.


1871 Ontario Census Heads of Households VERSION 3 - Documentation
=================================================================

Version DBF-1.02   November 1995

Created by-    R. E. Cox, < roncox@cam.org >
               74 Brunswick Dr., Beaconsfield, QC, H9W 5H2, Canada


COPYRIGHT
----------
Certain portions of this document are abstracted from the original NAC
documentation.

As the data itself is in the public domain, it is not subject to copyright,
but the format and related documents are.

Copyright (C) 1995 R. E. Cox

Free, non-commercial distribution of these files are welcomed and encouraged.
Permission to copy all or part of this work is granted, provided that the
copies are not made or distributed for resale (except a nominal copying fee
to only cover expenses may be charged), and provided that the 71READ ME and
71DOCN, including the author-contact information, and this copyright notice,
are retained verbatim and are displayed conspicuously.

It is requested that you make a donation to your local Family History group
library fund as a donation for my effort, asking that your donation be
earmarked for purchasing new Ontario resource material.


ORDERING PROCEDURE
----------------
While these files are available FREE through many bulletin boards, some may
wish to order the files via snail mail. Orders should be sent to :

             Jim McKane,
             192 Baker Street,
             Waterloo, Ontario N2T 2L4


Please send a cheque or money order for $25.00 to cover costs payable to
"Waterloo-Wellington Branch, Ontario Genealogical Society".

Funds raised in this manner will be used solely for the continuation of
genealogical indexing and publication projects within the branch.

BACKGROUND
-----------
This census index is an electronic version derived from the original paper
documents and ledgers. The records were prepared for the computer by
volunteers from the Ontario Genealogical Society (OGS), and the initial
processing and computer work was performed by National Archives of Canada
(NAC). These computer files were then made available to the public, with the
records grouped into files by electoral sub-district.

The original version of the NAC database was reformatted, alphabetized and
distributed in April 1994.  It contained MANY errors and ommissions that have
since been corrected.  Version 3 contains approximately 80,000 MORE names than
the original.

Using version 3 of the NAC database, each record was reformatted with comma
delimiters, augmented with both a meaningful 1871 county code and the
township, town or ward where the individual was located at the time of the
census. The collection of records were then sorted into alphabetical order,
and split into manageable sized files.


NOTE: The index ONLY contains the names of;
----
      - Heads of families,
      - Strays, a person who has a surname other than that of the head of house,
      - Death schedule names, i.e. people who died in 1870 or early 1871.


ERRORS AND OMISSIONS
---------------------
While every effort has been made to assure the complete, error-free
preparation of this database, the author accepts no responsibility for errors
and omissions in this or the original database.

Some minor formatting errors and inconsistencies were noted in the original
NAC database and were corrected, both on group and individual records. Other
errors noted, and still present, will require reference to the original
microfilms for correction.


PURPOSE
--------
The 1871 Ontario Census HEADS of HOUSEHOLDS and STRAYS INDEX contains nearly
416,000 records arranged in alphabetical order. This will allow easy
searching of the whole database for a given individual that was either the
head of a household or a stray.


FILE NAMES
----------
The following list comprises the entire set of files needed for a complete
database, as well as some reference material. All of the files, with the
exception of the map and documentation files, are ASCII, comma delimited,
text files.

The letter(s) in the filename indicates the surnames contained in the file:-

Archive            Contains         Remarks
------------       -----------      -------
71v3-A.ZIP        1871N-A.ASC
                  1871N-UN.ASC   a file of no known surname and
                                 possible alternate name records.
71v3-B.ZIP        1871N-B.ASC
71v3-C1.ZIP       1871N-C1.ASC   to Clinic
71v3-C2.ZIP       1871N-C2.ASC
71v3-D.ZIP        1871N-D.ASC
71v3-EF.ZIP       1871N-E.ASC
                  1871N-F.ASC
71v3-G.ZIP        1871N-G.ASC
71v3-H.ZIP        1871N-H.ASC
71v3-IK.ZIP       1871N-IJ.ASC
                  1871N-K.ASC
71v3-L.ZIP        1871N-L.ASC
71v3-M1.ZIP       1871N-M1.ASC   M to McKenzie
71v3-M2.ZIP       1871N-M2.ASC
71v3-NO.ZIP       1871N-N.ASC
                  1871N-O.ASC
71v3-PQ.ZIP       1871N-PQ.ASC
71v3-R.ZIP        1871N-R.ASC
71v3-S.ZIP        1871N-S.ASC
71v3-T.ZIP        1871N-T.ASC
71v3-UZ.ZIP       1871N-UV.ASC
                  1871N-W.ASC
                  1871N-XZ.ASC
71DISTS&.ZIP      71DISTS&.ASC     file showing the 1871 Ontario
                                   Census Districts with their
                                   associated Townships, Towns, Wards,
                                   Counties and the associated
                                   microfilm numbers.
71DOCN.ZIP        71DOCN.TXT       This file.
71MAPS.ZIP        1871 CEN.GIF     GIF files of maps for 1871
                                   Electoral Districts
                  1871 CES.GIF


READING THE FILES
------------------
The SMALLER comma separated ASCII format data files can be read with a text
editor, word processor or spreadsheet program, but greater viewing
flexibility can be gained by importing these files into a data base program.

Depending on your database program, you could require up to 80 mb of hard
disk space to hold all of the uncompressed files.

The GIF files require a program such as JPEG to be viewed.


FIELD SIZES and DEFINITIONS - Census Data files
---------------------------

In working with the NAC census files, three different record layouts were
encountered. In the table following, "Max Width" was the predominate field
size encountered, and will ensure all information is visible if used in
designing your database.

However, not all entries use their full field sizes, and hence with some
compromise as to column width, type size and font used, you can compromise on
column width allowed in your design. In the "Comp" (compromise) column below,
the maximum column widths encountered for 1871 A.ASC, using Helvetica, are
shown as a guide.

To get a single line output, further compromise on the larger field widths
may be necessary, generally with little adverse affect to bulk of the
entries. (With my database programs, clicking on a field will show the full
data if clipping/truncation has occurred.)

(Where unknown is shown in the table below, coding applied to records was not
an "authorised" value.TABLE-IS-TABBED)


Field   Format  Max Width   Comp    Code/Variable Description
----    -----   ---------   ----    -------------------

1   AN  19  17  Family name of individual

2   AN  15  10  First given name of individual

3   AN  12  12  Second given name of person

4   AN  3   2   Code to indicate whether the
                 resident is a stray or head
                 of house.

                The following abbreviations
                may appear in this field.

                 Blank- head of house
                  1- indicates that the person
                     has a surname other than the
                     head of house.
                 1?- unknown code
                 2 - Entry is from the death
                     schedules
                 3 - unknown code
                 7 - unknown code
                 I - unknown code

5   N   2   2   Sex of individual

                The following abbreviations
                 may appear in this field.

                Blank- Male
                1 - Female
                F - Unknown code (female?)
                I - Unknown code
                M - Unknown code (male?)
                2 - Unknown code (Age?)
                13 - Unknown code (Age?)
                21 - Unknown code (Age?)
                22 - Unknown code (Age?)
                25 - Unknown code (Age?)
                28 - Unknown code (Age?)
                30 - Unknown code (Age?)
                33 - Unknown code (Age?)
                35 - Unknown code (Age?)
                38 - Unknown code (Age?)
                40 - Unknown code (Age?)
                45 - Unknown code (Age?)
                46 - Unknown code (Age?)
                50 - Unknown code (Age?)
                52 - Unknown code (Age?)
                57 - Unknown code (Age?)
                67 - Unknown code (Age?)
                07 - Unknown code (Age?)

6   N   4   3   Age of individual at NEXT
                 birthday. Whole numbers
                 represents the number of
                 years.

                The following abbreviations
                 may appear in this field.

                ? - Unknown code
                6 - Unknown code (6/60?)
                INF - Infant
                NG - Not Given
                1 - Unknown code
                0 - Unknown code (infant?)
                28? - Unknown code
                772 - Unknown code

7   AN  17  13  Country or province of birth.

8   AN  20  8   Religion of occupant

9   AN  18  15  Ethnic Origin

10  AN  21  18  "Profession, Occupation or Trade"

11  N   4   2   District Number

                See file "71DISTS&.ASC" for
                 translation of code.

12  A   4   2   Sub - District Code
                See file "71DISTS&.ASC" for
                 translation of code.

13  N   3   2   Division Number

14  AN  4   3   Page number on the census form
                 where all the information
                 resides for the person
                 identified.

                D - Entry is from death
                    schedules. All other
                    numbers are absolute values.
                D2 - DeathEntry?????
                2SC - Unknown code
                S - Unknown code.

15  A   -   4   County code
                   See file "71DISTS&.ASC" for
                    translation of code.

16  A   -   19  Town/Township/Ward
                   See file "71DISTS&.ASC" for
                    expansion.

NOTE:- SOME RECORDS MAY CONTAIN COMMENTS THAT REFER TO ALIAS' OR OTHER
PEOPLE. Normally these take the form of an alternate name spelling and will
be found in the occupation field. These records appear in two places;

   - where the alternate name falls alphabetically, and also in
   - the questionable file.

FIELD SIZES and DEFINITIONS - 71DISTS&.ASC file
--------------------------------------------

This is an ASCII, comma delimited, text file that pulls together material
from a variety of sources for reference. While it can be used in either a
word processor or spreadsheet, creating a small database will allow easier
searches.

In creating the file I used;
   - the NAC Catalogue of Census Returns on Microfilm to obtain Census
      District and sub district names, and the associated
      microfilm numbers,
   - The NAC files contained a listing of Census Districts and
      their associated numeric codes as used on the actual
      records,
   - "Townships of the Province of Ontario Canada", (sold by
       Nipissing Branch of the OGS, ISBN 1-55116-460-4) provided
       the County coding used, and helped with determining the
       1871 county names, and the "modern names", the "now called"
       column. (A "must have" book in my library- under $10.)

As the files were reformatted, they were checked off against the list, and
the sub-district codes added.

In some cases the microfilm catalogue entry was not found on the data files.
Does this mean the data is incomplete? Not necessarily, the information will
be found under a different Townships name. The amalgamation of areas in
recent years often followed the 1871 pattern- some of the townships just
don't have many people.

The townships that were "not found", NF, are indicated with an * (asterisk)
in the left most column of the file. So in the data files you wont find any
records for Abinger Twp. for example. It has an *, and the records are in
with those for Denbigh.

Not all entries use their full field sizes, and hence with some compromise as
to column width used is possible in your design. In the "Comp" (compromise)
column below, the column widths using Helvetica, are shown as a guide.


Field   Format  Max Width   Comp    Code/Variable Description
----    -----   ---------   ----    -------------------

1   A   2   2   Not Found. Records for
                 township will be
                 found in another township.

2   A   24  24  Township/Town/Ward name as
                 used on the individual records.
                 Some abbreviations may have been
                 used, e.g.
                TWN - Town
                VIL - Village
                WRD - Ward
                CTY - City
                ISL - Island
                etc.

3   A   14  14  1871 Census District name.

4   N   2   2   1871 Census District Code.

5   A   2   2   Sub-district code.

6   AN  11  11  NAC microfilm number(s) for
                 Township/Town/Ward

7   A   14  14  1871 County or District
                 associated with the township

8   A   4   4   1871 County Code as used on
                 the individual records

9   AN  57  25  Now called/part of/includes.
                 Boundaries are different today


SOME OBSERVATIONS
---------------------------------
If you can't find the name you want, reflect on how it sounds, and how it
might be written. For example; O Brien, O'Brien, A'Brien; or Mc Gee, Mc Ghie;
and try looking for it without the space (or with them).

There are a few single letter surnames in almost every file.

Legibility is not always the greatest on the original returns. Hence you may
find something like BA_ _K_LLS_ _ -the best interpretation the transcriber
could make. I was looking for a Corner family- it was transcribed as Conner,
the writing was such it could have been interpreted as either.

In some cases the transcribers made an alternate entry- the alternate
spelling usually appearing in the Occupation field prefaced by "See______".
The alternates dont always start with the same letter, and the "Sees" appear
in two places, in the regular alphabetic listing, and in the "Questionable"
records file.

Also in the questionable records file are individuals with no surname given;
both alive and dead, infants/new borns with some identified as foundlings;
and lastly, a fair number of Indians.

Other Indians are found under "I" with a surname of Indian, while others have
a surname and appear in the regular alphabetic groups.

Nuns usually have a given name of Sister, the family name being their
"adopted" name, e.g. Mary.

There were a few records that were electronically "mangled in the NAC files.
Those noted were in Haldimand County and Toronto. In all cases there is
enough information to find the record on the census microfilm.

Each file has a "Header Line" added showing the columns which will help when
creating your database files.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *
(Following is largely abstracted directly from NAC Documentation
================================================================

BACKGROUND OF 1871 CENSUS - EDP FORMAT
--------------------------------------

The first census of Canada provides, as accurately as possible, a statistical
compilation and cultural cross-section of Canadian society as it existed on
the 2nd of April, 1871. Under the direction of the Minister of Agriculture,
specific data were collected about the population in general, its demographic
structure, the assets it held, the environment in which it operated and the
products that it produced.

According to 'The Census Act' (33 Victoria, Chapter XXI, 12th May, 1870) each
of the four provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) were
divided into 'Census Districts' (numbering 206 in total). These census
districts were to correspond as closely as possible with the 'Electoral
Districts' as identified under the 'British North America Act, 1867'.
Furthermore, the census districts were sub-divided into 'Census Sub-
Districts' (totalling 1,701) which, in turn, could be divided into a series
of 'Divisions'. Divisions were usually developed only when the sub-districts
were very large in area, necessitating extensive travel for the enumerator,
or when they contained a relatively large population. To illustrate this
geographic breakdown, Eramosa Township, Wellington County appears in the
census records as District 34, Sub-District E, Divisions 1-3.

The census sub-districts were, according to section five of 'The Census Act',
"to correspond as nearly as may be with the Municipal or other recognized
divisions thereof". Hence, not only were the census districts to correspond
with the established electoral areas, but were to complement legal areas
associated with counties, townships, cities, towns and villages. In some
instances; however, the districts formulated for the taking of the census did
not correlate with the electoral boundaries or with the "parochial, civil or
political sub-divisions thereof". In the majority of cases; however, one can
consider these various geographic entities to be one and the same.
Individuals doing research and using census material for specific geographic
areas should be aware of this fact.

According to the published version of the census:
"the only exceptions in Ontario to the general rule adopted of making the
Census Districts to correspond with the electoral districts as they then
existed, are in the cases of districts No. 42 North Simcoe, 53 North
Victoria, 57 East Peterborough, 58  North Peterborough, 62 North Hastings, 82
North Renfrew, parts of which being composed of unorganised territories, were
made Census Districts of themselves under the names of Muskoka No. 85, Parry
Sound No. 86, South Nipissing No. 83, and North Nipissing No. 84. The
electoral district of Algoma was divided into four Census Districts, namely:
Manitoulin No. 87, and West Algoma No. 90, by reason of its vast extent and
difficulties of communication."

In order for one to obtain an appreciation of the location, and make-up of
the census districts for Ontario, one should refer to the maps and tables
that are in the published census for 1871.

Also, in accordance with 'The Census Act', thirteen people were selected to
be 'Chief Census Officers'  - five from Ontario, four from Quebec, two from
Nova Scotia and two from New Brunswick. These officers were to:
"have spent considerable time at the seat of government, in studying census
matters generally, assisting in the final consideration of the schedules and
instructions, and specially pointing out the circumstances and requirements
of the several sections of their respective provinces. They are to go, each
in the census districts set apart  as his field of operations, to confer with
the commissioners, to impart to each of these the advantage of their labours
and studies, and to represent the Department in the territorial divisions
assigned to each of them."

Under the direction of these census officers, each census district was
assigned a 'Census Commissioner'. Indeed, section 7 of the 'Act' indicates
that one or more 'Deputy' census commissioner(s) can be employed for the
purpose of aiding the commissioner. Furthermore, the census commissioners
were responsible for coordinating the activities of the 'Census Enumerators',
of which there were 2,789. The enumerators were assigned the task of
collecting the statistical information for each census sub-district. This
statistical information was recorded on a series of forms, known as
schedules. For 1871, the following schedules were employed:


a. Schedule No. 1 - Nominal Return of the Living;

b. Schedule No. 2 - Nominal Return of the Deaths within the last twelve
                    months;

c. Schedule No. 3 - Return of Public Institutions, Real Estate, Vehicles and
                    Implements;

d. Schedule No. 4 - Return of Cultivated Lands, Field Products, Plants and
                    Fruits;

e. Schedule No. 5 - Return of Live Stock, Animal Products, Home-Made Fabrics
                    and Furs;

f. Schedule No. 6 - Return of Industrial Establishments;

g. Schedule No. 7 - Return of Products of the Forest;

h. Schedule No. 8 - Return of Shipping and Fisheries; and,

i. Schedule No. 9 - Return of Mineral Products.

Although textual copies of all these schedules have been retained by National
Archives Canada, Government Archives Division (GAD), because of their
historical value, only parts of Schedules 1 and 2 have been made machine
readable. In one instance, the University of Waterloo, under the authority of
Marjorie Kohli (Department of Computing Services), has forwarded, to the
GAD, digitised versions of Schedules 1 and 2 for parts of Wellington and
Waterloo counties. These machine readable files were initially computerised
under the auspices of the 'Ontario Genealogical Society/Public Archives
Canada: 1871 Census Indexing Project'. At the request of various researchers
and scholars, the University of Waterloo decided to expand the project to
include every individual and a variety of variables included in Schedules.

To provide some background, in order to commemorate their 25th anniversary in
1986, the Ontario Genealogical Society (OGS) undertook a project to produce
nominal indexes for the 1871 census of Ontario. The project was originally
conceived by Bruce Elliott (OGS-Ottawa) and Laurena Storey (OGS-London), and
received approval in principle by the OGS Council on February 13, 1982. In
the fall of 1982, the OGS approached the Machine Readable Archives (MRA) to
obtain assistance for the computerisation of the data.

In the spring of 1983, the MRA received approval from National Archives
Canada senior management to proceed with the project. The resultant agreement
was that the OGS would extract various data elements from the 1871 census
schedules, transcribe the information to specially prepared indexing forms
and, after the information was digitised by the MRA, verify the machine
readable version against the original schedules to ensure data integrity. It
was decided, as part of the project, that the following information should be
extracted from Schedule No. 1 (Nominal Return of the Living): name of head of
household or any stray residing therein; sex; age; birthplace; religious
affiliation; ethnic origin; occupation; district, sub-district and division
information; as well as information which identifies the page number where
the original data reside in the census schedules. In addition, similar
information was collected on individuals recorded in the death schedules
(i.e. Schedule No. 2).

This approach to making a portion of the 1871 census for Ontario machine
readable was a compromise in place of computerising the whole census for
Ontario. Due to the exorbitant costs associated with digitising the whole
census a complete undertaking was not possible. However, various OGS Branches
extracted all of the information contained in Schedules 1 and 2, and the
fruition of this work has resulted in complete returns for parts of
Wellington and Waterloo counties.

It should be noted, during the transcription phase of this project
difficulties may have been encountered when attempting to interpret various
entries because of problems associated with an enumerator's hand writing.
Further inconsistencies may be incorporated in the data because, as with the
Census of 1851-52, the enumerators may have " ... displayed negligence and
ignorance, ... were wholly unfit for the duties assigned to them, ... relied
upon voluntary information ... and collected from people who thought the
enumeration was related to taxation, the raw enumeration returns are not the
most reliable." Considering the problems associated with census enumerations,
errors will have been transferred to the computer record. In fact, as with
any work of this nature, errors will also have been made when the information
was input to computer disk. Consequently, if one is utilising these files for
genealogical purposes, it is suggested that the original schedules be
consulted if, for example, the age component is an important correlate for
identification purposes. On the other hand, if this information is to be used
to determine what trends may be associated with the variables, then those
concepts associated with statistical theories of error will suffice.

For the counties of Wellington and Waterloo, the following information was
extracted from the Nominal Return of the Living:

- every vessel that was the abode and domicile of any family or individual;
- the name of every living person;
- the line and page number where each person resides on the census return;
- number of shanties and identification of dwelling houses under
    construction, uninhabited or inhabited;
- family identification number (usually a sequential number for each family);
- the age, sex and place of birth for each person; and, if the person was
    born in the last year, the year of birth;
- ethnic origin;
- occupation;
- marital status and, if the person was married in the last 12 months, the
    month of marriage;
- information about whether the person attends school;
- whether they are over 20 years of age and are able to read or write;
- whether the person is deaf and dumb, blind or of unsound mind;
- general geographic information is provided (i.e., division, sub-district,
     county and township); and finally,
- the microfilm reel number has been included for each entry.

According to instructions that were provided to the enumerators, vessels and
shanties were to be included only if they were inhabited as dwellings on the
2nd of April 1871. Shanties were defined as huts or cheap dwellings put up in
a new settlement or temporary abiding place.

Much of the information that was on the Nominal Returns of the Living was
also recorded in the death schedules. However, the death schedules also
provide information about the cause and month of death. Virtually, all of the
death schedule information has been transferred to the computer record.

A NOTE ABOUT THE CODE EXAMPLES FOLLOWING
----------------------------------------

Several reasons for possible errors in the data are identified in a later
topic. The words that were abbreviated or similar to the actual spelling, or
close enough to be understood given the particular context, were not included
(e.g. Eglish instead of English or taylor instead of tailor). This will need
to be taken into account in any analyses. A list of most such words is
available upon request.

Use of parentheses

These were used in two specific cases:
a) When a term was used and part of it needed no explanation but part was
unknown the latter was put in brackets along with a question mark. e.g.  A
TRADER - Unknown code [A ?]
b) When it was possible to suggest what an unknown code may mean, the
suggested meaning and a question mark were put in another type of brackets.
e.g.  L CAN - Unknown code (Lower Canada ?)

(Where unknown is shown in the table below, coding applied to records was not
an "authorised" value)

(The following table is tabbed)

Field   Format  Max Width   Comp    Code/Variable Description
----    -----   ---------   -----   -------------------------

7   AN  17  13  Country or province of birth.

                The following abbreviations may appear
                 in this field

                / - Unknown code
                ? - Unknown code
                2 - Unknown code
                3 - Unknown code
                BW INDIES  - British West Indies
                C - Canada
                CAN - Unknown code (Canada?)
                CB - Unknown code
                C. B. (N. S. ) - Unknown code, (Cape Breton?)
                CE - Unknown code
                CH - Unknown code
                CP - Unknown code
                D - Unknown code
                E INDIA - Unknown code. (East?)
                E INDIES - Unknown code. (East?)
                ENG - England
                EUS STATES - Unknown code
                GERM - Unknown code (Germany?)
                I - Unknown code
                IL - Illegible
                INDIA W - Unknown code
                IRE - Ireland
                ISL - Unknown code (Island?)
                ISL`D - Unknown code (Island?)
                ISLD - Unknown code (Island?)
                K - Unknown code
                L - Unknown code
                LONT - Unknown code
                NB - New Brunswick
                N. B.  - Unknown code (New Brunswick?)
                N BRUNSWICK - New Brunswick
                NC - Unknown code
                NEW B - Unknown code (New Brunswick)
                NEW BRUNS - Unknown code (New Brunswick)
                NF - Unknown code
                NFL - Unknown code (Newfoundland?)
                NFLD - Unknown code (Newfoundland?)
                NG - Not Given
                NI - Native Canadian
                NJ - Unknown code (New Jersey?)
                NS - Nova Scotia
                N. S. - Nova Scotia
                N SCOTIA - Nova Scotia
                N WALES - Unknown (north?)
                NWS - Unknown code
                NY/NY - Newark
                O - Ontario
                OB - Unknown code
                OC - Unknown code
                ONT - Ontario
                OR - Unknown code
                P EDWARD - Unknown code
                PEI - Prince Edward Is.
                PE ISLAND - Unknown code (Prince Edward Island?)
                P MONTREAL - Unknown code
                PQ - Quebec
                PRINCE ED IS - Unknown code (Prince Edward Island?)
                PRINCE EDWD - Unknown code
                PRO QUE - Unknown code (Province of Quebec?)
                PS - Unknown code
                Q - Quebec
                QB - Unknown code
                QU - Quebec
                QUE - Quebec
                RC - Unknown code
                R ISLAND - Unknown code
                S - Unknown code
                SA - Unknown code (South America?)
                SCOT - Scotland
                SCTO - Unknown code (Scotland?)
                SO - Unknown code
                S SCOT - Unknown code (Scotland?)
                ST. JOHN N. FLAN - Unknown code (N FLAN?)
                S WALES - Unknown code (South?)
                TVE - Unknown code
                U - Unknown code
                U CANADA - Unknown code (Upper?)
                U S - United States
                US - United States
                USA - United States
                U ST - Unknown code (United States)
                U STATES - Unknown code (United States?)
                VANCOUVER IS - Vancouver Island
                WEST INDIES JAMA - West Indies Jamaica
                WI - Unknown code
                W INDIES - Unknown code (West?)
                WM - Unknown code
                W. U. S. A.  - Unknown code (Western U. S. A.)

8   AN  20  8   Religion of occupant

                The following abbreviations may appear
                 in this field

                 -  - Unknown code
                AA - African Association Baptist
                AD - Adventists
                AP - American Presbyterian
                AT - Atheist
                B - Unknown code
                BA - Baptist
                BB - Bible Believer
                BC - Bible Christian
                BD - Unknown code
                BE - British Episcopal Methodist
                BG - Unknown code
                BM - Unknown code
                BP - Unknown code
                BR - Brethren
                C - Unknown code
                CA - Unknown code
                CB - Christian Brethern
                CC - Christian Conference Bapt.
                CD - Christadelphian
                CE - Church of England,Anglican
                CED - Unknown code
                CG - Unknown code
                CH - Unknown code
                CI - Church of Ireland
                CKE - Unknown code
                CM - Calvinistic Methodist
                CN - Christian
                CO - Congregationalist
                CP - CanadaPresbyterian/C. Presb
                CPS - Unknown code
                CS - Church of Scotland/Kirk/Scotch Presb. ,etc.
                CV - Unknown code
                CX - Church of Christ
                D - Unknown code
                DB - Unknown code
                DE - Deist
                DF - Unknown code
                DI - Disciple (of Christ)
                DJ - Unknown code
                DM - Unknown code
                DU - Unknown code
                E - Unknown code
                EA - Evangelical Association
                EB - Unknown code
                EK - Unknown code
                EM - Episcopal Methodist/Methodist Episcopal
                EP - Episcopal (ian)
                EU - Evangelical Union
                EV - Evangelical
                F - Unknown code
                FB - Unknown code
                FC - Unknown code
                FF - Unknown code
                FK - Free Kirk/Free Presb.,etc.
                FM - Unknown code
                FN - Unknown code
                FP - Unknown code
                FR - Unknown code
                FT - Free Thinker (of England)
                FW - Free Will Baptist/Free Christian
                GB - Regular Baptist/see also RB
                GM - Unknown code
                IF - Infidel
                IL - Illegible
                IM - I. Meth. E.
                IN - Independent
                IP - Irish Presbyterian
                IR - Irvingite/Catholic Apostolic
                JM - J. Meth. E.
                JN - Unknown code
                JU - Jew
                KB - Close Communion Baptist
                LCE - Unknown code
                LD - Latter Day Saints
                LE - Unknown code
                LL - Unknown code
                LM - Unknown code
                LU - Lutheran/Evangelical Lutheran
                LV - Unknown code
                M - Unknown code
                MC - I. Meth. C.
                MD - Mohammedan/Muslim
                ME - Methodist
                MEE - Unknown code
                MF - Unknown code
                MG - Unknown code
                MI - Meth. I.
                MO - Mormon
                MM - Unknown code
                MN - Mennonite
                MS - Messiah
                MV - Moravian
                NC - New Connexion Methodist
                NG - Not Given
                NP - N. Presbyterian
                NR - No Religion
                O - Unknown code
                OB - Other Baptist
                OM - Other Methodist
                OM? - Unknown code (Other Methodist?)
                OP - Other Presbyterian
                OS - Unknown code
                P - Unknown code
                PA - Pagan
                PB - Plymouth Brethern
                PC - Unknown code
                PK - Unknown code
                PL - Unknown code
                PM - Primitive Methodist
                PR - Protestant
                PS - Presbyterian
                PU - Puritan
                QM - Unknown code
                QU - Quaker/Friends
                QUE - Unknown code
                R - Unknown code
                RB - Reformed Baptist/R. Bapt.
                RC - Roman Catholic
                RE - Unknown code
                RM - R. Methodist
                RP - Reformed Presbyterian
                RS - Unknown code
                SC - Unknown code
                SD - Seventh Day Adventist
                SEE - See note at end of code book
                SP - Spiritualist
                SW - Swedenborgian/New Jerusalem
                TU - Tunker
                U - Unknown code
                UB - United Brethern
                UI - Unknown code
                UM - Unknown code
                UN - United Baptist
                UP - United Presbyterian/U. Kirk Presbyterian
                UT - Unitarian
                UV - Universalist
                VM - Evangelical Methodist
                VW - Unknown code
                W - Unknown code
                WC - Unknown code
                WE - Unknown code
                WM - Wesleyan Methodist
                WME - Unknown code
                WP - W. Presbyterian
                WU - Unknown code
                XC - C. C. Baptist
                ZZ - Strange References

9   AN  18  15  Ethnic Origin

                The following abbreviations may appear
                 in this field

                AMER - American
                CS - Unknown code
                DUCH - Dutch
                E - Unknown code
                EM - Unknown code
                ENG - English
                ENGL - English
                ENGLIS - Unknown code (English?)
                F - Unknown code
                FARM LAB - Unknown code (see occupations?)
                FRENCH C - Unknown code (Canadian?)
                F SCOTCH - Unknown code
                G - Unknown code
                GER - German
                GERM - German
                I - Unknown code
                IL - Illegible
                IN - Unknown code (Indian?)
                IRE - Unknown code (Ireland?)
                L CAN - Unknown code (LowerCanada?)
                LSCOTCH - Unknown code
                NC - Unknown code
                NG - NotGiven
                NK - Unknown code
                O - Unknown code (Ontario?)
                OB - Unknown code
                RC - Unknown code
                S - Unknown code
                SCOT - Scottish
                T - Unknown code
                US - United States
                WM - Unknown code
                ? - Unknown/Questionable
                  - Unknown code (typo?)

10  AN  21  18  "Profession, Occupation or Trade"

                The following abbreviations may appear
                 in this field

                 - -  - Unknown code
                ? - Unknown code
                A TRADER - Unknown code[A?]
                ADJUTANTGEN. - AdjutantGeneral
                AGENT WITH E COMPANY - Unknown code [E?]
                AGRIC & JP - Unknown code
                 (agriculturalist and Justice of the Peace?)
                AGR IMPLEMENT MF - Unknown code
                 (agricultural implement manufacturer?)
                AGT - Unknown code (agent?)
                AIRT - Unknown code
                A. L. R. R.  - Unknown code
                APPRENTCE - Apprentice
                ARCHATIN - Unknown code
                ASS CLERK SENATE - Unknown code (assistant?)
                ASST ENGINEER - Unknown code (assistant?)
                ATT - Unknown code (attorney?)
                B?KEEPER - Unknown code
                BANK OF MD - Unknown code [md?]
                BAPT MINISTER - Unknown code (Baptist?)
                BARRISTER DJ - Unknown code (Department of Justice?)
                B CHRISTIAN MINISTER - Unknown code (Bible?)
                BD - Unknown code
                BLASMITH - Unknown code (Blacksmith?)
                BLK SMITH - Unknown code (Blacksmith?)
                BM - Unknown code
                BOUREUR - Unknown code
                BS AGENT - Unknown code[BS?]
                C - Unknown code
                CA - Unknown code
                CAB CUSON - Unknown code
                CABPRO - Unknown code
                C. A. L. R. R. - Unknown code
                CANADA L & E AGENT - Unknown code
                CAP H P - Unknown code
                CAP R N - Unknown code
                CAPT.  - Unknown code (Captain?)
                CARP - Unknown code (carpenter?)
                CARPTR - Unknown code (carpenter?)
                C. A. R. R.  - Unknown code
                CENGINEER - Unknown code (civil?)
                CHIEF CON OF POL - Unknown code (chief constable of police?)
                CIRNL AGENT - Unknown code
                CIV.  - Unknown code (Civil?
                CIVILSER - service
                CLER - Unknown code
                CLERK BNA - Unknown code
                CLERK DAWSON C - Unknown code[C?]
                CLERK DIV COURT - Unknown code (division?)
                CLERK GR - Unknown code
                CLERK P COUNCIL - Unknown code (privy?)
                CLK - Clerk
                CM - Unknown code
                COLLECTOR ILK - Unknown code (Milk?)
                C PRES MINISTER - Canadian Presbyterian
                CO - Company
                C OF DIVISIONCOURT - Unknown code (clerk?)
                COLONEL (M. P. ) - Unknown code
                 (Colonel and Member of Parliament?)
                COMAGENT - Unknown code
                COM'L TRAVELLER - Unknown code (commercial?)
                COMM - Unknown code
                COMMERC - Unknown code (commercial?)
                COM MERCHANT - Unknown code
                COMMISS - Unknown code
                COMMTREN - Unknown code
                COM TRAVELLER - Unknown code
                CONTRACTOR M - Unknown code[M?]
                CO TREASURER - Unknown code
                CS - Unknown code (CivilService?)
                C SCHOOL TEACHER - Unknown code[C?]
                C SERVICE - Civil Service
                CU - Unknown code
                CURR - Unknown code
                CUSTOMS HSE OFFICER - Unknown code (House?)
                C V SHERIFF - Unknown code
                D - Unknown code
                DC - Unknown code
                D COURT CLERK - Unknown code (D?)
                DEPT - Unknown code (Department?)
                DEPY - Unknown code (deputy?)
                DG CLERK - Unknown code[DG?]
                DIVISION CT BAILIFF - Unknown code(court?)
                DOCTOR MED - Unknown code (medicine?)
                DR - Unknown code (Doctor?)
                D SOLDIER - Unknown code[D?]
                EC - Unknown code
                EDITOR SPEC - Unknown code
                EMIG AGENT - Unknown code (emigration?)
                E MINISTER - Unknown code [E?]
                ENG - Unknown code
                ENG`R - Unknown code (Engineer?)
                EXP AGENT - Unknown code (export?)
                F - Farmer
                F & B SMITH - Unknown code
                FARM - Farmer
                FARMER MILL PROP - Unknown code (proprietor?)
                F CLERK - Unknown code
                F GEN - Unknown code
                FL - Farmlabourer
                F LAB - Farmlabourer
                FLAB - Unknown code (seeF LAB?)
                FRMER - Farmer
                FRM LAB - Farm labourer
                FSTORE - Unknown code
                GENERAL AGENT FO - Unknown code [FO?]
                GEN'L AGENT - Unknown code (general?)
                GENTL - Gentleman
                G MERCHANT - Unknown code
                GNR - Unknown code (GrandNationalRR?)
                GOVT - Government
                GRA SCH TEACH - Unknown code(grade/grammar school teacher?)
                GT/GTR - Unknown code (GrandTrunkRR?)
                GWR - Unknown code (GreatWesternRR?)
                HA L - Unknown code
                HC/H of C - HouseofCommons
                H KEEPER - Unknown code (house?)
                H SERVANT - Unknown code (house?)
                I - Unknown code
                IL - Unknown code
                INS AGENT - Unknown code
                INS MANAGER - Unknown code
                INSPECTOR OF DIC - Unknown code
                INSTR WEIGHTS & MEASURES - Unknown code
                JL - Unknown code
                JOINER PW DEPT - Unknown code (PublicWorks?)
                JP - Unknown code (Justice of the Peace?)
                K - Unknown code
                K P - Unknown code (Kingston Penitentiary?)
                KPR - Unknown code
                L -  -  - ER - Unknown code
                L - Labourer
                LA - Unknown code
                LAB - Labourer
                LAW COM OF CUSTOMS - Unknown code
                LAWYER IN MD? - Unknown code[MD?]
                L BROKER - Unknown code
                LIVERY S KEEPER - Unknown code (stable?)
                LOCKTENDR - Locktender
                LT COL - Lieutenant Colonel
                LUMBER MERCH - Unknown code (Lumber merchant?)
                MALOW - Unknown code
                MAN & F - Unknown code
                MANUFR - Manufacturer
                MC - Unknown code
                M CLERK - Unknown code [M?]
                MD - MedicalDoctor
                MDAB - Unknown code
                MDCM - Unknown code
                M DOCTOR - Medical doctor
                MECH - Unknown code
                MEDICAL DOC - Medicaldoctor
                MEMBER OF PARL - Member of Parliament
                M ENGINEER - Unknown code
                MER. - Unknown code (merchant?)
                MERCH - Unknown code (merchant?)
                MERCHT - Merchant
                MESS H OF C - Unknown code (House of Commons?)
                METH E - Unknown code
                METH NI MINISTER - Unknown code
                MFR - Unknown code (manufacturer?)
                MI - Minister
                MIN - Unknown code (Minister?)
                MILLWRT - Millwright
                MILLSAYER - Unknown code (sawyer?)
                MILK CO - Unknown code
                MINISTER BRN. CHURCH - Unknown code (Brethern?)
                MKR - Unknown code (maker?)
                M MARINER - Unknown code (Master?)
                MP - Unknown code (Member of Parliament?)
                MPP - Unknown code (MemberProvincial Parliament?)
                MT - Unknown code
                M TAILOR - Unknown code [M?]
                MUFG/MFG - Unknown code (manufacturing?)
                NG - Unknown code
                OFFICE KPR SEC STATE - Unknown code
                 (Keeper of the Office of the Secretary of State)
                O HOUSE - Unknown code[O?]
                OJ - Unknown code
                O N C - Unknown code
                OP - Unknown code (Operator?)
                OPER - Unknown code (Operator?)
                OPP - Unknown code (Operator?)
                PEN - Unknown code
                PENSIONER RCR - Unknown code (Royal Canadian Regiment?)
                PHYS - Unknown code (Physician?)
                PINPRENEUR - Unknown code
                PL - Unknown code
                PLANTEREUR - Unknown code
                PLD - Unknown code
                PLS - Provincial Land Surveyor
                PO - Unknown code (post office?)
                PO DEPARTMENT - Unknown code
                POST MASTER GENL - Unknown code (Post Master General?)
                PP AGENT - Unknown code [PP?]
                PRES MINISTER - Unknown code (Presbyterian?)
                PROF - Professor
                PROFESSOR MASOR - Unknown code
                PROFF - Professor
                PROP'R - Unknown code (Proprietor?)
                PS - Unknown code (public school?)
                PYY - Unknown code
                R - Unknown code
                RA CONTRACTOR - Unknown code
                R CONDUCTOR - Unknown (railway?)
                RD MASTER - Unknown code
                RR - Railroad
                R/R - Railroad
                R ROAD - Railroad
                S - Unknown code
                SALEMAN (SP) - Unknown code
                SCHOOL MISTR - Unknown code (mistress?)
                SCHOOLTEAC - Schoolteacher
                SEC INS CORP - Unknown code (Secretary Insuranc Corporation?)
                SECY - Unknown code (secretary?)
                S ENGINEER - Unknown code [S?]
                SERV - Unknown code
                SERVT - Unknown code (servant?)
                SEXTON PRESB CHU - Unknown code(Presbyterian Church?)
                SH BAILIFF - Unknown code
                S MASON - Stone Mason
                STA. MASTER - Unknown code (StationMaster?)
                S TEACHER - Unknown code (school?)
                STEWD - Unknown code
                SUPT - Unknown code (superintendent?)
                SVT - Unknown code
                TAGENT - Unknown code [T?]
                TE - Teacher
                TEACHER C SCHOOL - Unknown code [C?]
                TEACHER INS M - Unknown code (instrumental music?)
                TELEG OPERATOR - Unknown code(telegraph operator?)
                TELEGRAPH OP - Unknown code (telegraph operator?)
                TEL OPERATOR - Unknown code (telegraph operator?)
                T. GATE - Tollgate
                T LECTURER - Unknown code [T?]
                TWP - Township
                VETY SURGEON - Unknown code(veterinary?)
                W - Unknown code
                W CLERGYMAN - Unknown code (Wesleyan?)
                W ENGINEER - Unknown code [W?]
                WES METH - Wesleyan Methodist
                WID. - Unknown code (widow?)
                WIDOW CARRYING ON FA - Unknown code
                W METH MINISTER - Unknown code(Wesleyan Methodist)
                W MINISTER - Unknown code (Wesleyan?)
                W. NURSE - Unknown code[W?]
                 -  - Unknown code

                County Codes


     CTYCDE      COUNTY
     ------ --------------------
     ALG    Algoma
     BRA    Brant
     BRU    Bruce
     CAR    Carleton
     DON    Ontario
     DUF    Dufferin
     DUN    Dundas
     DUR    Durham
     ELG    Elgin
     ESS    Essex
     FRO    Frontenac
     GLE    Glengarry
     GRN    Grenville
     GRY    Grey
     HAS    Hastings
     HLB    Haliburton
     HLD    Haldimand
     HLT    Halton (RM)
     HNR    Norfolk
     HUR    Huron
     KEN    Kent
     LAD    Lennox & Addington
     LAM    Lambton
     LAN    Lanark
     LEE    Leeds
     MAN    Manitoulin Dist.
     MID    Middlesex
     NPN    Nipissing
     NPS    Nipissing
     NRT    Northumberland
     NWL    Welland
     OXF    Oxford
     PAR    Parry Sound
     PEE    Peel
     PER    Perth
     PET    Peterborough
     PRE    Prescott
     PRI    Prince Edward
     RUS    Russell
     STO    Stormont
     SUD    Sudbury
     TBE    Thunder Bay Dist. E.
     TBW    Thunder Bay
     VIC    Victoria
     WAT    Waterloo (RM)
     WEL    Wellington
     WEN    Wentworth
     YOR    York (RM)
